本次给大家整理的是《Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science》杂志2023年7月第50卷第6期的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括21篇SCI论文！
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The post-pandemic world: Are big cities hollowing out?
后疫情时代：大城市是否正在空心化？
【摘要】
Ever since cities first emerged in Neolithic times, they have been organised and have grown around their origin locations which invariably have been the places where trade and exchange first took place. In the contemporary world, certainly since the beginning of the industrial revolution, these origins are usually their commercial cores, now known in US parlance as central business districts or CBDs. Cities have exploded in this fashion, growing outwards in concentric rings which have fallen in population density as new transportation technologies have made it possible to live at greater distances from their centres. This process of decentralisation associated mainly with population movements has been accompanied by one of concentration. Commercial activities have grown massively in central locations, with these forces competing with one another for space but with the urban extent growing ever bigger in size.【摘要翻译】
自从新石器时代城市出现以来，它们一直围绕其起源地点进行组织和成长，而这些地点通常是贸易和交换首次发生的场所。在当代世界，至少从工业革命开始以来，这些起源通常就是它们的商业核心，现在美国通常称之为中央商务区或CBD。城市就是这样爆炸式地发展起来的，向外以同心圆的方式扩张，随着新的交通技术的出现，人口密度下降，人们可以远离市中心居住。这个与人口流动相关的权力分散过程伴随着权力集中。商业活动在中心地点大规模增长，这些力量为了空间而相互竞争，但城市规模却越来越大。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231188188
【作者信息】
Chatbots and information mobility: An agenda for thought and study
聊天机器人与信息流动性：思考与研究的议程
【摘要】
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based text production by chatbots has recently come to center stage attention, notably following the commercial introduction of the Chat GPT system (Chat GPT, 2022). Though such systems for artificial text production are still far from flawless, they can already produce successfully some extensive and smart texts following their users’ invitations. Public debates on text production by chatbots so far have focused mainly on the implications of the wide adoption of such systems, notably the danger that AI-based text production may pose to academic studies, which are based on students’ own writings (e.g. Mandelaro, 2023) as well as popular journalism.
【摘要翻译】
聊天机器人基于人工智能（AI）的文本生成已经引起了人们的关注，尤其是在ChatGPT系统商业化推出之后（ChatGPT，2022）。尽管这种用于人工文本生成的系统还远远不能做到完美，但在用户的引导下，它们已经可以成功地生成一些广泛且智能的文本。到目前为止，关于聊天机器人文本生成的公共辩论主要集中在这种系统广泛应用的含义上，尤其是AI文本生成可能对学术研究造成的威胁，因为学术研究是基于学生的原创作品（例如Mandelaro，2023）以及流行新闻业。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231181595
【作者信息】
阿哈龙·凯勒曼，以色列海法大学地理与环境研究系，海法，以色列。
Where to invest in cycle parking: A portfolio management approach to spatial transport planning
投资于自行车停车场的地点：空间交通规划的投资组合管理方法
【摘要】
A lack of cycle parking is a known barrier to promoting the uptake of cycling in urban areas. Unlike cars that can be parked on the roadside with little additional infrastructure, bikes usually require dedicated parking facilities. The existing research and guidance on where cycle parking should be provided primarily focuses on key destinations such as train stations or schools. Thus, there is a gap in knowledge about the amount of general-purpose cycle parking required and how it should be distributed across a city. This paper presents a novel method for analysing and prioritising the spatial distribution of cycle parking. The method draws on established portfolio management techniques but applies them in a spatial context. Using the case study of London, we demonstrate that it is possible to identify areas that have a deficit of cycle parking as well as locations that have the most significant potential for increasing cycling uptake by providing additional cycle parking.
【摘要翻译】
缺乏自行车停车设施是阻碍城市地区推广自行车使用的已知障碍。与可以在路边随意停放的汽车不同，自行车通常需要专门的停车设施。关于应提供自行车停车设施的现有研究和指导主要集中在诸如火车站或学校等关键目的地。因此，对于所需通用自行车停车设施的数量以及如何将其分布在城市中，人们缺乏相关知识。本文介绍了一种用于分析和优先考虑自行车停车设施空间分布的全新方法。该方法借鉴了既有的投资组合管理技术，但将其应用于空间背景。我们以伦敦为例，说明可以确定缺乏自行车停车设施的区域以及通过提供额外的自行车停车设施增加骑行潜力的位置。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221138575
【作者信息】
马尔科姆·摩根博士是利兹大学运输研究所的高级研究员，他的研究重点是如何实现交通和城市地区的低碳化。
Incorporating networks in semantic understanding of streetscapes: Contextualising active mobility decisions
整合网络信息以增强对街景语义的理解：将积极移动决策的语境化
【摘要】
Planning for active mobility satisfies many fundamental tenets of good urban design and planning. However, planning for active mobility is a complex endeavour due to numerous local, place-based factors that influence active mobility decisions. Recent advancements in urban data research have demonstrated the effectiveness of deep learning methods in evaluating active mobility potential for urban environments. At present, the incorporation of semantic information from deep learning models and street view imagery into spatio-temporal contexts remains a challenge. In particular, knowledge extraction from deep learning models remains an open question for urban planning and decision-making. Towards this issue, we propose a functional deep learning and network science workflow that employs open data from OpenStreetMap and Mapillary to assess factors affecting active mobility decisions and route planning. We demonstrate the generalisability of our analytical workflow through two case studies focusing on urban greenery in Nerima city (Japan) and urban visual complexity in Pasir Ris town (Singapore). Our results reveal clear patterns of heterogeneity in urban streetscapes and identify unevenness in street infrastructure provision based on destination types. Using this information, we propose specific areas for design intervention to improve active mobility planning. Our workflow is applicable for a diverse range of use cases making it relevant to a wide range of stakeholders, not limited to, urban researchers, policy makers and urban planners.
【摘要翻译】
积极机动性的规划满足了良好的城市设计和规划的许多基本原则。然而，由于影响积极机动性决策的众多地方性因素，积极机动性的规划是一项复杂的努力。城市数据研究的最新进展表明，深度学习方法在评估城市环境的积极机动性潜力方面非常有效。目前，将深度学习模型和街景图像的语义信息纳入时空背景仍然是一个挑战。特别是，从深度学习模型中提取知识对于城市规划和决策制定仍然是一个开放问题。针对这一问题，我们提出了一种功能深度学习和网络科学工作流程，该流程使用来自OpenStreetMap和Mapillary的开放数据来评估影响积极机动性决策和路线规划的因素。我们通过两个案例研究证明了分析工作流程的通用性，这两个案例研究分别关注了日本新町市的绿化和新加坡滨海湾的视觉复杂性。我们的结果揭示了城市街道景观中异质性的明显模式，并基于目的地类型识别了街道基础设施的不均匀性。利用这些信息，我们提出了具体的设计干预领域，以改善积极机动性规划。我们的工作流程适用于各种使用案例，使其与广泛的利益相关者相关，不限于城市研究人员、政策制定者和城市规划师。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221138832
【作者信息】
温斯顿·叶是新加坡国立大学城市分析实验室的博士研究员，持有新加坡国立大学城市规划硕士学位。贾特-惠伟昌是新加坡国立大学建筑系副教授兼副系主任（学术）。他也是STS（科学、技术和社会）集群的研究负责人，在加州大学伯克利分校获得建筑学博士学位。
菲利普·比莱茨基是新加坡国立大学的助理教授，也是新加坡国立大学城市分析实验室的首席研究员。他持有荷兰代尔夫特理工大学地理信息系统（3D GIS）的理学硕士学位和博士学位。
The Social Digital Twin:The Social Turn in the Field of Smart Cities
社交数字孪生：智能城市领域的社交趋势
【摘要】
Complexity theory has become a conceptual framework and a source of inspiration for Smart City initiatives. In addition to many other conceptions, the Urban Digital Twin (UDT) became both a concept and a tool for generating the revolutionary act of data-driven 3D city modeling. Indeed, the UDT has increased the ability of planners to make decisions vis-à-vis data-driven city models; at the same time, however, it has attracted criticism because of its focus on the physical dimensions of cities. In facing these challenges, we seek to join the conceptual and practical efforts to generate a social turn in the field of Smart Cities and urban innovation. Creating a UDT with a social focus, we maintain, is not only a 1:1 translation of the built environment into the social realm, but also demands interdisciplinary knowledge from the fields of sociology, anthropology, planning, and ethics studies. This article makes theoretical and methodological contributions. Theoretically, it discusses the potential contribution of the Social Urban Digital Twin (SUDT) to the theory of urbanism, enabling us to represent the physical and the social environments as a single fabric. Methodologically, it enhances the know-how of the City Analytics research community by advancing a six-phase protocol for developing SUDTs, each phase of which integrates technological conceptions and social-theoretical content. The phases of the SUDT protocol are demonstrated using a specific case study: the experience of elderly residents of the Haifa neighborhood of Hadar—a low-income neighborhood in Israel characterized by ethnic and national diversity—during the Coronavirus pandemic. We conclude by discussing the contributions and limitations of the SUDT.
【摘要翻译】
复杂性理论已经成为智能城市倡议的一个概念框架和灵感来源。除了许多其他概念之外，城市数字双胞胎（UDT）既是一个概念，也是生成数据驱动的3D城市建模的革命性行动的工具。的确，UDT增强了规划人员使用数据驱动的城市模型做出决策的能力；然而，它也因其对城市物理尺度的关注而受到批评。面对这些挑战，我们寻求将概念和实践结合起来，在智能城市和城市创新领域推动社会转向。创建具有社会焦点的UDT不仅是对建成环境的1:1翻译到社会领域，而且还需要来自社会学、人类学、规划和伦理学领域的跨学科知识。本文提供了理论和方法上的贡献。理论上，它讨论了社会城市数字双胞胎（SUDT）对城市主义理论的潜在贡献，使我们能够将物理和社会环境作为一个单一的织物来代表。方法上，它通过推进开发SUDT的六阶段协议来增强城市分析研究的专门知识，该协议的每个阶段都整合了技术构想和社会理论内容。使用一个具体的案例研究展示了SUDT协议的各个阶段：以以色列低收入社区Hadar的老年居民为例——这是一个由不同种族和民族组成的社区——在冠状病毒大流行期间的情况。我们最后讨论了SUDT的贡献和局限性。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221137079
【作者信息】
贝塔尔·约瑟夫·拉维德是一位经验丰富的建筑师，拥有多学科的学术和专业背景，致力于推动将社会结构和城市建成环境融为一体的模式、分析和技术。目前，她在特拉维夫大学建筑和城镇规划学院攻读博士学位，得到了学术卓越奖的古特维尔奖学金的支持。她的博士研究是一门应用科学，以促进城市数字双胞胎的社会和公民方面，并编码社会创新和社技术想象。她获得了耶路撒冷贝扎雷艺术设计学院（2013年）的建筑学学士学位和伦敦皇家艺术学院（2018年）的研究生硕士学位，并获得了“克洛尔贝扎雷-RCA领导”优秀毕业生称号。梅拉夫·阿哈隆-古特曼是一位城市社会学家，特拉维夫大学建筑和城镇规划学院教员，也是国家规划与建设委员会的代理委员和特拉维夫大学社会中心的学术主席。她的研究兴趣包括开发创新型城市规划模型，旨在将社会因素纳入城市规划决策过程的主流。此外，梅拉夫还研究城市犯罪、城市艺术、种族和移民等问题。梅拉夫在特拉维夫大学发表了她在该领域的领先期刊上的文章，指导学生在特拉维夫大学建筑和城市规划轨道中讲授基本和高级社会规划课程。
Categorizing urban space based on visitor density and diversity: A view through social media data
基于游客密度和多样性的城市空间分类:基于社交媒体数据的视角
【摘要】
Analyses of urban spaces have often stressed the importance of both the density and diversity of the people they attract. However, the diversity of people is a challenging concept to operationalize within the context of urban spaces, which is why many evaluations of urban space have relied primarily on density-based measures. We argue that a focus on only one of the two aspects misses important aspects of the variety of urban spaces in our cities. To address this, we design a methodology that evaluates both the density and diversity of human behavior in urban spaces based on geosocial media data. We operationalize density as the frequency of tweets from visitors to a particular location and diversity as the variety of the home neighborhoods of those visitors. Taking Singapore as a test case, we identify networks between the home neighborhoods of 28k Twitter users based on 2.2 million geolocated tweets collected between 2012 and 2016. Based on these data, we categorize the urban landscape of Singapore into four “performance” categories, namely High-Density/High-Diversity, High-Density/Low-Diversity, Low-Density/High-Diversity, and Low-Density/Low-Diversity. Our findings illustrate that this combined indicator provides useful nuance compared to differentiation between well and less performing spaces based on density alone. By enabling a categorization of urban spaces that fits closer to the diversity of human behavior in these spaces, human mobility data sets, such as the social media data we use, open the door to a practical evaluation of the design and planning of our heterogeneous urban environment.
【摘要翻译】
对城市空间的分析常常强调城市所吸引的人口密度和多样性的重要性。然而，在城市空间的背景下，人的多样性是一个具有挑战性的概念，这就是为什么许多城市空间评估主要依赖于基于密度的措施。我们认为，只关注这两个方面中的一个，忽略了我们城市中各种城市空间的重要方面。为了解决这个问题，我们设计了一种基于地理社交媒体数据的方法来评估城市空间中人类行为的密度和多样性。我们将密度作为游客到特定地点的推特频率，将多样性作为这些游客的家庭社区的多样性。以新加坡为例，我们根据2012年至2016年收集的220万条地理定位推文，确定了28k名推特用户家庭社区之间的网络。基于这些数据，我们将新加坡的城市景观分为高密度/高多样性、高密度/低多样性、低密度/高多样性和低密度/低多样性四个“绩效”类别。我们的研究结果表明，与仅根据密度区分井和性能较差的井相比，该综合指标提供了有用的细微差别。通过对城市空间进行分类，使其更接近于这些空间中人类行为的多样性，人类流动性数据集，例如我们使用的社交媒体数据，为我们对异质城市环境的设计和规划进行实际评估打开了大门。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221139848
【作者信息】
I-Ting Chuang，奥克兰大学建筑与规划学院的讲师。她目前的研究兴趣集中在城市地理学中的设计信息学，强调数据分析和公共空间的空间质量。她的研究利用大型地理定位数据集的潜力来理解我们当代城市环境的复杂性。在开始学术生涯之前，庄博士在纽约知名公司从事了七年的建筑和城市设计工作。她毕业于新加坡科技与设计大学(ASD)博士和哈佛大学设计学院(GSD)硕士。Categorizing urban space based on visitor density and diversity: A view through social media data
基于游客密度和多样性的城市空间分类:基于社交媒体数据的视角
【摘要】
Analyses of urban spaces have often stressed the importance of both the density and diversity of the people they attract. However, the diversity of people is a challenging concept to operationalize within the context of urban spaces, which is why many evaluations of urban space have relied primarily on density-based measures. We argue that a focus on only one of the two aspects misses important aspects of the variety of urban spaces in our cities. To address this, we design a methodology that evaluates both the density and diversity of human behavior in urban spaces based on geosocial media data. We operationalize density as the frequency of tweets from visitors to a particular location and diversity as the variety of the home neighborhoods of those visitors. Taking Singapore as a test case, we identify networks between the home neighborhoods of 28k Twitter users based on 2.2 million geolocated tweets collected between 2012 and 2016. Based on these data, we categorize the urban landscape of Singapore into four “performance” categories, namely High-Density/High-Diversity, High-Density/Low-Diversity, Low-Density/High-Diversity, and Low-Density/Low-Diversity. Our findings illustrate that this combined indicator provides useful nuance compared to differentiation between well and less performing spaces based on density alone. By enabling a categorization of urban spaces that fits closer to the diversity of human behavior in these spaces, human mobility data sets, such as the social media data we use, open the door to a practical evaluation of the design and planning of our heterogeneous urban environment.
【摘要翻译】
对城市空间的分析常常强调城市所吸引的人口密度和多样性的重要性。然而，在城市空间的背景下，人的多样性是一个具有挑战性的概念，这就是为什么许多城市空间评估主要依赖于基于密度的措施。我们认为，只关注这两个方面中的一个，忽略了我们城市中各种城市空间的重要方面。为了解决这个问题，我们设计了一种基于地理社交媒体数据的方法来评估城市空间中人类行为的密度和多样性。我们将密度作为游客到特定地点的推特频率，将多样性作为这些游客的家庭社区的多样性。以新加坡为例，我们根据2012年至2016年收集的220万条地理定位推文，确定了28k名推特用户家庭社区之间的网络。基于这些数据，我们将新加坡的城市景观分为高密度/高多样性、高密度/低多样性、低密度/高多样性和低密度/低多样性四个“绩效”类别。我们的研究结果表明，与仅根据密度区分井和性能较差的井相比，该综合指标提供了有用的细微差别。通过对城市空间进行分类，使其更接近于这些空间中人类行为的多样性，人类流动性数据集，例如我们使用的社交媒体数据，为我们对异质城市环境的设计和规划进行实际评估打开了大门。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221139848
【作者信息】
I-Ting Chuang，奥克兰大学建筑与规划学院的讲师。她目前的研究兴趣集中在城市地理学中的设计信息学，强调数据分析和公共空间的空间质量。她的研究利用大型地理定位数据集的潜力来理解我们当代城市环境的复杂性。在开始学术生涯之前，庄博士在纽约知名公司从事了七年的建筑和城市设计工作。她毕业于新加坡科技与设计大学(ASD)博士和哈佛大学设计学院(GSD)硕士。\
How do urban services facilities affect social segregation among people of different economic levels? A case study of Shenzhen city
城市服务设施如何影响不同经济水平人群之间的社会隔离?以深圳市为例
【摘要】
Social segregation hinders the development of cities and has become a hot topic in urban research. Existing studies have focused on the difference in the distribution of crowd activities to measure segregation but have ignored the impact of the urban environment on crowd gathering and segregation. To study the impact and understand social segregation more comprehensively, we coupled mobile phone datasets and housing price data to divide city dwellers into three socioeconomic levels. Considering that spatial colocation is a necessary condition for interaction among various social groups, spatial colocation probability was proposed to quantitatively describe the degree of social segregation at the community scale. Point-of-interest (POI) data were introduced to represent the urban service facilities. The effect of urban service facilities on the segregation of different groups was analyzed by using geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results indicate three points, as follows. (1) Significant social segregation in Shenzhen mostly occurs in suburban and downtown areas, and the interaction segregation of people mainly occurs between people with high and low socioeconomic levels. (2) More economically inclusive and necessary service facilities (e.g., medical and insurance companies) can promote crowd interaction and ease the segregation of social activities. (3) The impact of service facilities on the interaction of various social groups is related to the development of the area where the activities occur, and the most significant impact is in high-tech industrial zones. This study quantitatively calculated the impacts of different service facilities on different groups of people in different communities and times. From the results, detailed and reasonable suggestions were made for city planners.
【摘要翻译】
社会隔离阻碍了城市的发展，成为城市研究的热点问题。现有的研究主要关注人群活动分布的差异来衡量隔离，而忽略了城市环境对人群聚集和隔离的影响。为了更全面地了解社会隔离的影响，我们将手机数据集和房价数据结合起来，将城市居民划分为三个社会经济水平。考虑到空间共置是各社会群体相互作用的必要条件，提出空间共置概率来定量描述社区尺度上的社会隔离程度。引入兴趣点(POI)数据来表示城市服务设施。采用地理加权回归(GWR)分析了城市服务设施对不同群体隔离的影响。研究结果表明了以下三点。(1)深圳显著的社会隔离主要发生在城郊和中心城区，人群的互动隔离主要发生在社会经济水平高低的人群之间。(2)更具经济包容性和必要的服务设施(如医疗和保险公司)可以促进人群互动，缓解社会活动的隔离。(3)服务设施对各类社会群体互动的影响与活动发生地的发展有关，以高新技术产业区影响最为显著。本研究定量计算了不同服务设施对不同社区、不同时间、不同人群的影响。根据研究结果，为城市规划者提出了详细合理的建议。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221140415
【作者信息】
Yao Yao，中国地质大学(武汉)教授，东京大学空间信息中心研究中心研究员，阿里巴巴集团高级算法工程师。主要研究方向为地理空间大数据挖掘、分析和计算城市科学
Incorporating water quality into land use scenario analysis with random forest models
使用随机森林模型将水质纳入土地利用情景分析中
【摘要】
Emerging research has begun to document the nuanced ways that urban form can influence water quality in urban areas. To facilitate the greater consideration of water quality by planning practitioners, this paper illustrates a two-step method to predict the water quality performance of land use scenarios through the presentation of a case study in the Huron River watershed in Michigan, USA. First, random forest models are used to relate 38 urban form variables to three water quality outcomes within the watershed: total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations. Second, the calibrated random forest models are used to predict the water quality performance for three land use scenarios for a local jurisdiction. The case study illustrates how even scenarios describing additional urbanization can result in predicted improvements to water quality. The methods contribute to the greater consideration of water issues in urban planning practice.
【摘要翻译】
新兴研究已经开始记录城市形态影响城市地区水质的各种微妙方式。为了促进规划工作者更多地考虑水质，本文通过介绍美国密歇根州休伦河流域的一个案例研究，说明了一种两步法来预测土地利用情景的水质表现。首先，使用随机森林模型来研究流域内38个城市形态变量与水质的三项指标（总悬浮物、总磷和大肠杆菌浓度）之间的关系。其次，使用经过校准的随机森林模型来预测一个地方管辖区的三种土地利用情景的水质表现。案例研究说明了即使描述增加城市化的情景，也可以预测水质改善。这些方法有助于在城市规划实践中更多地考虑水问题。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221138842
【作者信息】
罗伯特·古德斯比是一位密歇根大学陶布曼建筑与城市规划学院的副教授，他撰写了《城市和地区情景规划：管理和展望不确定的未来》一书。王润姿是密歇根大学环境和可持续性学院的一名助理教授。
卡米拉·利兹迪亚是密歇根大学区域与城市规划硕士项目的一名毕业生。
杜凌霄是密歇根大学区域与城市规划硕士项目的一名学生。
斯里西塔·贾皮尼亚是密歇根大学区域与城市规划硕士项目的一名学生。
Urban neighbourhood classification and multi-scale heterogeneity analysis of Greater London
大伦敦城市邻里分类及多尺度异质性分析
【摘要】
We study the compositional and configurational heterogeneity of Greater London at the city- and neighbourhood-scale using Geographic Information System (GIS) data. Urban morphometric indicators are calculated including plan-area indices and fractal dimensions of land cover, frontal area index of buildings, evenness, and contagion. To distinguish between city-scale heterogeneity and neighbourhood-scale heterogeneity, the study area of 720 km2 is divided into 11 km2 neighbourhoods. City-scale heterogeneity is represented by categorisation of the neighbourhoods using a k-means clustering algorithm based on the morphometric indicators. This results in six neighbourhood types ranging from “greenspace” to “central business district”. Neighbourhood-scale heterogeneity is quantified using a hierarchical multi-scale analysis for each neighbourhood type. The analysis reveals the dominant length scales for land-cover and neighbourhood types and the resolutions with the most information gain. We analyse multi-scale anisotropy and show that small-scale features are homogeneous, and that anisotropy is present at larger length scales.【摘要翻译】
本文利用地理信息系统(GIS)数据研究了大伦敦在城市和社区尺度上的组成和配置异质性。计算城市形态计量指标，包括规划面积指数和土地覆盖分形维数、建筑物正面面积指数、均匀度和传染度。为了区分城市尺度的异质性和街区尺度的异质性，将720 km2的研究区域划分为11个11 km2的街区。城市尺度的异质性通过基于形态计量指标的k-均值聚类算法对社区进行分类来表示。这就产生了从“绿地”到“中央商务区”的六种社区类型。邻域尺度的异质性是通过对每个邻域类型的分层多尺度分析来量化的。分析揭示了土地覆盖和邻里类型的主要长度尺度以及具有最多信息增益的分辨率。我们分析了多尺度的各向异性，发现小尺度特征是均匀的，而大尺度的各向异性则存在。【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221140890
【作者信息】
Tengfei Yu，伦敦帝国理工学院土木与环境工程系的硕士学位，他的研究项目主要是利用GIS数据和社区景观分类对城市异质性进行定量分析。他在北京理工大学获得学士学位。
How changes in urban morphology translate into urban metabolisms of building stocks: A framework for spatiotemporal material flow analysis and a case study
城市形态变化如何影响建筑存量的城市代谢：空间-时间物质流分析框架及案例研究
【摘要】
Anthropogenic stocks are increasingly seen as potential reserves for secondary resources, which has led to a rapid development in research of urban metabolic systems. With regard to buildings and their associated material stocks and flows, one of the most critical shortcomings in the state-of-the-art is the knowledge gap for drivers, dynamics, patterns and linkages that affect the urban metabolism. This paper is premised on the idea that urban planning stirs up these material flows, so it should also adopt their sustainable management on its agenda. It presents an approach that highlights the intertwined nature of changing urban morphology and building material stocks and flows in space and time. An analytical framework, based on the principles of material flow analysis, is provided for an integrated, spatiotemporal study of urban morphology and urban metabolism of buildings, using building and plot data as the input and identifying internal processes of the urban metabolism as the output. The identified processes include greenfield development, infill construction, building replacement and shrinkage, each of which can be expected to have tangible yet very different material and environmental consequences in the form of embodied materials and CO2. The use of the framework is demonstrated with a case study in the Finnish city of Vantaa in 2000–2018. The case study shows patterns pertaining to a growing city unrestricted by geographic or historic factors, manifested as vast greenfield developments and replacement of a notably young building stock. As sustainability may soon call into question both these strategies, uncovering the material consequences of a city’s past urban (re)development strategies lay the foundation for using the presented approach proactively in planning support, in pursuit of more circular economy-based and low carbon cities.
【摘要翻译】
人为存量日益被视为二次资源的潜在储备，这导致城市代谢系统研究迅速发展。在建筑及其相关的物质存量和流动方面，目前研究的一个最关键的缺陷是影响城市代谢的驱动因素、动态、模式和联系的知识差距。本文的前提是城市规划会引发这些物质流动，因此它也应该在其议程上采取可持续管理的方式。本文提出了一种方法，突出了城市形态和建筑材料存量和流动在空间和时间上的交织关系。本文提供了一个基于物质流分析原则的分析框架，用于对城市形态和建筑物的城市代谢进行综合时空研究，以建筑和地块数据为输入，将城市代谢的内部过程作为输出。所确定的进程包括净地开发、填充建设、建筑物替换和收缩，每一种都可能以有形和非常不同的物质和环境后果的形式出现，即所含物质和二氧化碳。以芬兰万塔市为例，在2000-2018年期间应用该框架的情况表明了相关模式。该案例研究显示了一个不受地理或历史因素限制不断增长的城市模式，表现为大规模净地开发以及显著年轻建筑物存量的替换。由于可持续性很快可能会对这两种策略提出质疑，揭示一个城市过去城市（再）发展策略的物质后果为积极使用所提出的方法奠定了基础，以追求更循环经济和低碳的城市。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221140892
【作者信息】
马里奥·科尔克维茨拥有建筑学硕士学位，是芬兰坦佩雷大学的一名博士研究生，他的研究围绕着循环经济的框架，旨在鼓励更可持续地处理现有的城市建筑存量，将其视为材料和空间的储备。为此，他研究当前建设和拆除过程中的浪费现象，其空间和时间发生情况以及环境影响。此外，他还研究建筑转型的常规做法以确定现有建筑存量转化潜力的当前和未来潜力。埃莉娜·卢奥南目前正在芬兰坦佩雷大学完成建筑学硕士学位。在建筑学院担任研究助理时，她研究了建设和拆除以及城市建筑存量，同时也研究了住宅建筑项目中的共享空间潜力。
萨图·胡赫卡是一位建筑师，拥有科学建筑学博士学位和循环建筑方面的专业知识，具有14年的研究经验。她是“再生城市中的循环建设”（CIRCuIT）这一H2020项目的成员，也是另一个项目“用于循环经济的预制混凝土再利用”（ReCreate）的项目协调员。作为坦佩雷大学建筑学院可持续翻新方面的副教授，她领导着名为“ReCET-翻新和循环经济转型”的研究小组，该小组致力于将过去的建筑物作为可转型资产和空间及材料等资源的储备进行调查。
Generative methods for Urban design and rapid solution space exploration
城市设计的生成方法与快速解决方案空间探索
【摘要】
Rapid population growth and climate change drive urban renewal and urbanization at massive scales. New computational methods are needed to better support urban designers in developing sustainable, resilient, and livable urban environments. Urban design space exploration and multi-objective optimization of masterplans can be used to expedite planning while achieving better design outcomes by incorporating generative parametric modeling considering different stakeholder requirements and simulation-based performance feedback. However, a lack of generalizable and integrative methods for urban form generation that can be coupled with simulation and various design performance analysis constrains the extensibility of workflows. This research introduces an implementation of a tensor-field–based generative urban modeling toolkit that facilitates rapid design space exploration and multi-objective optimization by integrating with Rhino/Grasshopper ecosystem and its urban analysis and environmental performance simulation tools. Our tensor-field modeling method provides users with a generalized way to encode contextual constraints such as waterfront edges, terrain, view-axis, existing streets, landmarks, and non-geometric design inputs such as network directionality, desired densities of streets, amenities, buildings, and people as forces that modelers can weigh. This allows users to generate many, diverse urban fabric configurations that resemble real-world cities with very few model inputs. We present a case study to demonstrate the proposed framework's flexibility and applicability and show how modelers can identify design and environmental performance synergies that would be hard to find otherwise.
【摘要翻译】
人口快速增长和气候变化推动了大规模的城市更新和城市化。需要新的计算方法来更好地支持城市设计师开发可持续、有弹性和宜居的城市环境。城市设计空间探索和总体规划的多目标优化可用于加快规划，同时通过结合考虑不同利益相关者需求的生成参数化建模和基于仿真的性能反馈来实现更好的设计成果。然而，缺乏可与仿真和各种设计性能分析相结合的通用和集成的城市形态生成方法，限制了工作流程的可扩展性。本研究介绍了一个基于张量场的生成式城市建模工具包的实现，该工具包通过集成Rhino/Grasshopper生态系统及其城市分析和环境性能模拟工具，促进了快速的设计空间探索和多目标优化。我们的张量场建模方法为用户提供了一种通用的方法来编码上下文约束，如滨水边缘、地形、视轴、现有街道、地标和非几何设计输入，如网络方向性、街道、设施、建筑物和人员的期望密度，作为建模者可以权衡的力。这允许用户生成许多不同的城市结构配置，类似于现实世界的城市，只需很少的模型输入。我们提出了一个案例研究来展示所提议的框架的灵活性和适用性，并展示建模者如何识别设计和环境绩效的协同作用，否则很难找到。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221142191
【作者信息】
Yue Sun，康奈尔大学系统工程专业的博士生。他一直在环境系统实验室学习和开展研究。他拥有康奈尔大学计算设计硕士学位和同济大学城乡规划学士学位。他的研究重点是利用基于agent的SEIR风格流行病学建模框架，在疾病传播的特定数据和参数的不同假设下，了解城市形态动态的相对变化。
Feasibility assessment of solar photovoltaic deployments on building surfaces with the constraint of visual impacts
基于视觉影响约束的建筑表面太阳能光伏部署可行性评估
【摘要】
As a major component of social acceptance, visual impact is often considered a significant constraint in solar applications. Visual impact assessment of solar applications, however, has been limited to pedestrians in previous studies. The extent to which PV systems can have visual impacts on occupants and whether it is necessary to include occupants in the measurement of visual impact remains uncertain. To fill this gap, we extended it from pedestrians to occupants and proposed a quantitative method to integrate pedestrians and occupants into a framework, combining the estimation of solar potential for the feasibility assessment of PV applications in a built environment. The concept is tested with a real case, located in Qingdao city, China, to present the technical flowchart for the feasibility assessment of solar PV deployments with the visual constraint. Building surfaces with qualified solar irradiation and low visibility were identified and compared in two cases, that is, with and without the inclusion of occupants as the visual constraint. The comparison results show that the change of suitable building surfaces for solar applications is 172,306 m2 (21% of suitable area) and 126 GWh (19% of yield energy) across the study area, indicating the significance of including occupants in the visibility assessment for the deployment of solar applications. The proposed method considers the visual constraint for the feasibility assessment of solar applications from the perspective of pedestrians and occupants, and it is helpful to identify the suitable surfaces for the large-scale deployment of solar applications at an early planning stage of solar city.
【摘要翻译】
作为社会接受度的主要组成部分，视觉冲击通常被认为是太阳能应用的一个重要限制。然而，在以前的研究中，太阳能应用的视觉影响评估仅限于行人。光伏系统对居住者的视觉影响程度，以及是否有必要将居住者包括在视觉影响的测量中，目前仍不确定。为了填补这一空白，我们将其从行人扩展到居住者，并提出了一种将行人和居住者整合到一个框架中的定量方法，结合对太阳能潜力的估计来评估光伏在建筑环境中应用的可行性。该概念在中国青岛市的一个真实案例中进行了测试，以展示在视觉约束下太阳能光伏部署可行性评估的技术流程图。在两种情况下，即有和没有居住者作为视觉约束的情况下，确定并比较了具有合格太阳照射和低能见度的建筑表面。对比结果表明，整个研究区域适合太阳能应用的建筑表面的变化为172,306 m2(适合面积的21%)和126 GWh(产生能量的19%)，表明将居住者纳入能见度评估对太阳能应用部署的重要性。该方法从行人和居住者的角度考虑了太阳能应用可行性评估的视觉约束，有助于在太阳能城市的早期规划阶段确定适合大规模部署太阳能应用的合适表面。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221142196
【作者信息】
Bo Wu，江西师范大学的教授。主要研究方向为建筑信息建模、计算城市科学、时空大数据分析、遥感图像处理。
Defining archetypes of mixed-use developments using Google Maps API data
使用Google Maps API数据定义混合用途开发的原型
【摘要】
Urban planning relies on the definition, modelling and evaluation of multidimensional phenomena for informed decision-making. Urban building energy modelling, for instance, usually requires knowledge about the energy use profile and surface area of each use that takes place within a building. We do not have a detailed understanding of such information for mixed-use developments, which are gaining prominence in urban planning. In this paper, we developed a methodology to quantitatively define the characteristics of mixed-use developments using archetypes of programme profiles (ratios of each programme type) of a city’s mixed-use plots. We applied our methodology in Singapore, resulting in 163 mixed-use zoning archetypes using Singapore’s master plan data and Google Maps API data. In a case study, we demonstrated how these archetypes can be used to provide more detailed data for urban building energy modelling, including energy demand forecasts and energy supply system design. To enable future automation of the workflow, the archetype definitions were represented and stored as a machine-readable ontology. This ontology can later be extended with for example, the mobility properties of archetypes; thus, enabling the archetypes' use in other urban planning applications beyond building energy modelling.
【摘要翻译】
城市规划依赖于多维现象的定义、建模和评估，以便做出明智的决策。例如，城市建筑能源建模通常需要了解建筑物内每一种用途的能源使用概况和表面积。我们对混合用途开发项目的此类信息没有详细的了解，而混合用途开发项目在城市规划中日益突出。在本文中，我们开发了一种方法，使用城市混合用途地块的项目概况原型(每种项目类型的比例)来定量定义混合用途开发的特征。我们在新加坡应用了我们的方法，使用新加坡的总体规划数据和谷歌地图API数据，产生了163个混合用途分区原型。在一个案例研究中，我们展示了如何使用这些原型为城市建筑能源建模提供更详细的数据，包括能源需求预测和能源供应系统设计。为了实现工作流的未来自动化，原型定义被表示并存储为机器可读的本体。这个本体论稍后可以扩展，例如，原型的移动性属性;因此，使原型在建筑能源建模之外的其他城市规划应用中使用。
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221141428
【作者信息】
Zhongming Shi，加拿大卡尔加里大学建筑、规划与景观学院助理教授。主要研究方向为能源驱动型城市设计和数据驱动型城市设计。在担任现职之前，钟明曾在新加坡- eth中心的未来城市实验室工作了六年。钟明是一名城市设计师，拥有瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院、美国佐治亚理工学院、同济大学和中国大连理工大学的城市设计博士、硕士、建筑学硕士和建筑学学士学位
Predicting housing construction period based on a cox proportional hazard model––an empirical study of housing completions in the greater Toronto and Hamilton area
基于cox比例风险模型的住房建设周期预测——基于大多伦多和汉密尔顿地区住房完工的实证研究
【摘要】
The completion progress of residential development projects and the length of construction are frequently discussed in the construction industry, but rarely studied by urban modellers. Nonetheless, a realistic reflection of housing supply processes is important for urban microsimulation and land use modelling. To predict the dwelling units generated over space and time, this paper decomposes the housing supply process into two major components: housing starts and completions, the nature and modelling logic of which are quite different. This paper deals with the latter segment, aiming to answer the question of: how long will it take to complete construction of new dwellings? A Cox Proportional Hazard (CPH) Model is employed to examine the“survival” rate of residential building projects and the probabilistic distribution of construction periods. Narrowing down the scope of research, this study investigates housing completions at the individual project level, and discusses the impact of structure type, surrounding land use, and accessibility on the housing completion rate. The Cities of Toronto, Hamilton, and Brampton in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) were selected to conduct the empirical study, with each representing different types of urban form to test model compatibility. The hazard models show good performance in replicating completion rates, and the impact of each factor on hazard ratio indicates that, single detached dwelling units with relatively homogeneous land use have the shortest completion time. This study could provide one component of a comprehensive framework for modelling housing supply, especially in urban microsimulation systems.
【摘要翻译】
住宅开发项目的完工进度和施工时间在建筑业中经常被讨论，但很少被城市建模者研究。尽管如此，住房供应过程的现实反映对于城市微观模拟和土地利用建模是重要的。为了预测在空间和时间上产生的住宅单元，本文将住房供应过程分解为两个主要部分:住房开工和完工，这两个部分的性质和建模逻辑截然不同。本文涉及后一部分，旨在回答这个问题:完成新住宅的建设需要多长时间?采用Cox比例风险模型(Cox Proportional Hazard Model, CPH)检验了住宅建筑项目的“存活率”和工期的概率分布。缩小研究范围，从单个项目层面考察住宅完成率，探讨结构类型、周边土地利用、可达性对住宅完成率的影响。选择大多伦多和汉密尔顿地区(GTHA)的多伦多市、汉密尔顿市和宾顿市进行实证研究，每个城市代表不同类型的城市形态，以检验模型的兼容性。风险模型在复制完成率方面表现良好，各因素对风险比的影响表明，土地利用相对均匀的独立住宅单元竣工时间最短。这项研究可以为住房供应建模提供一个全面框架的组成部分，特别是在城市微观模拟系统中。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221143386
【作者信息】
Yu Zhang，多伦多大学的博士研究生，也是多伦多大学交通研究所(UTTRI)的研究生研究员。她的研究重点是基于主体的城市微观模拟，对土地利用和交通综合建模特别感兴趣。她在分析城市发展趋势、住房市场和可达性方面有着丰富的经验。她最近的工作建立了在综合土地使用、交通和环境(ILUTE)微观模拟系统中模拟住房供应市场的框架。
Comparing types and patterns: A context-oriented approach to densification in Switzerland and the Netherlands
类型和模式的比较：瑞士和荷兰的密集化以何种为导向的方法
【摘要】
While governments worldwide develop policies to promote urban densification, critics point to possible negative effects of densification on social sustainability. The occurrence and distribution of these negative social effects are strongly influenced by land policies. This makes it crucial to monitor the role of land policies and understand what processes shape urban development in the context of densification. To do so, detailed, large-scale international comparisons of densification patterns, including building and social changes, are needed. We address this issue by introducing a method to measure and compare urban development in two countries with contrasting planning systems: the Netherlands, where public actors play a strong and active role, and Switzerland, where strong private property titles and a highly democratic planning system are prevailing. Our GIS-based method analyses densification processes within their surrounding morphological and socio-demographic context. A k-proto cluster analysis on highly detailed spatial and statistical data based on housing units, covering 2011–2019, results in five densification types. The distribution of these types reveals different patterns in the two city regions of Utrecht (NL) and Bern (CH). Most strikingly, contiguous redevelopments frequently occurred in Utrecht but hardly in Bern, pointing at possible advantages for Dutch municipalities to intervene in property rights. While having developed an empirical basis in this study, future research that refines the analysis of the legal, planning and ownership conditions underlying the identified densification patterns can contribute significantly to policy evaluation.
【摘要翻译】
在全球各国政府制定政策推动城市密集化发展的同时，批评者指出密集化发展可能对社会可持续性产生负面影响。这些负面社会影响的产生和分布受到土地政策的影响很大，因此，监测土地政策的作用并理解塑造密集化背景下城市发展的过程至关重要。为此，需要详细、大规模地比较包括建筑和社会变化在内的密集化模式。为了解决这个问题，我们引入了一种方法来衡量和比较两个规划系统截然不同的国家（荷兰，公共角色起着强大而积极的作用；瑞士，强大的私有财产权和高度民主的规划系统占主导地位）的城市发展。我们的GIS方法分析了密集化过程及其周围的地形和人口社会背景。基于住房单元的高度详细的空间和统计数据进行的k-原型聚类分析得出五种密集化类型。这些类型的分布显示乌得勒支（荷兰）和伯尔尼（瑞士）两个城市区域存在不同的模式。最引人注目的是，乌得勒支的连续重建项目频繁发生，而伯尔尼则几乎从未有过，这可能表明荷兰市政当局在干预产权方面具有优势。虽然本研究已经建立了实证基础，但未来研究完善对所确定的密集化模式背后的法律、规划和所有权条件的分析，将为政策评估做出重大贡献。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221142198
【作者信息】
维拉·戈特策尔拥有瓦赫宁根大学（荷兰）的理学硕士（空间规划）学位，是伯尔尼大学博士研究生，致力于运用空间分析来发现城市密集化的制度决定因素和影响。她的研究是瑞士国家科学基金会资助的GoverDENSE项目的一部分。马提亚斯·耶林格是IOER的高级研究员，专注于规划背景下的地理信息。他致力于城市形态、密集化和制度主义方法在规划和土地政策中的应用。
Dark cities or cities of light? – sunlight amenity preservation at whole-city scale using a spatio-temporal decision support approach
暗城还是光城？——使用时空决策支持方法在全城范围内保护阳光福利设施
【摘要】
Public open spaces are fundamentally important for the health and well-being of citizens in densely populated cities. If not carefully planned, high-density urban development can overshadow adjacent open spaces, resulting in poor quality, dark and oppressive winter conditions. Current planning control approaches for protecting light amenity in cities are often limited to simple overshadowing impact diagrams (e.g. shadows cast on the equinox at 9 a.m., 12 p.m. and 3 p.m.). In cities transitioning from low to higher density, comprising more complex urban forms and more extreme seasonal light amenity dynamics, these static approaches are insufficient. This paper outlines the development of a spatio-temporal design decision support system for analysing and protecting the light amenity of public open spaces, applied to a capital city in Australia. The system described has two parts: Firstly, to assess the overshadowing of existing public open spaces and identify those in need of protection (Part A), and secondly to generate planning restrictions to protect designated open spaces from future deprivation of light (Part B). For Part A, we use a graphics processing unit accelerated aggregate-shadow (15 minute increments) calculation applied to a detailed city-wide 3D model generated from billions of points of aerial survey (LiDAR) data. For Part B, we use a reversed solar ray casting approach we call the ‘Subtracto-Sun’ which allows a user to specify a time range (e.g. 9 a.m.–4 p.m.) for multiple days of the year and subsequent generation of 3D maximum building height development envelopes. The output of this system was used by the local government to inform a proposed planning policy amendment for the City of Melbourne. The findings illustrate the potential for urban professionals to use the system to rapidly assess shadow impacts for existing and proposed, contextually accurate, large, complex urban environments with high levels of geometric and temporal details. The presented results are significant in that we develop and apply our spatio-temporal decision-support approach to a local government area, successfully informing planning height restriction decisions to protect daylight amenity of public open spaces in need of protection. Our method for setting development height restrictions allows for higher density to be achieved, while not increasing the overshadowing of critical open space infrastructure during designated times.
【摘要翻译】
公共开放空间对人口稠密的城市的公民健康和福祉至关重要。如果规划不当，高密度的城市发展可能会遮蔽相邻的开放空间，导致质量差、暗淡和压抑的冬季条件。当前用于保护城市光照舒适性的规划控制方法通常仅限于简单的遮蔽影响图（例如在上午、中午和下午对春分日产生的阴影）。在从低密度向更高密度过渡的城市中，这些静态方法不足以应对更复杂的城市形态和极端季节性光照舒适度动态。本文概述了为分析和保护公共开放空间的光照舒适度而开发的时空设计决策支持系统的应用，该系统应用于澳大利亚某首都城市。所述系统分为两部分：第一部分评估现有公共开放空间的遮蔽情况并确定需要保护的部分（A部分），第二部分生成规划限制以保护指定开放空间免受未来光照剥夺（B部分）。我们使用由数以亿计的航空测量（LiDAR）数据点生成的详细全市三维模型加速了阴影总和的计算。对于B部分，我们使用了一种称为“减法太阳”的反向太阳光线投射方法，允许用户指定一个时间范围（例如一年中的上午9点至下午4点），随后生成3D最大建筑高度发展轮廓线。该系统的输出被当地政府用于为墨尔本市提供规划政策修正建议。结果表明，城市专业人员使用该系统快速评估现有和拟议中的具有高几何和时间细节的大型复杂城市环境的阴影影响是可能的。所展示的结果具有重要意义，因为我们将时空决策支持方法应用于地方政府区域，成功地通过制定规划高度限制决策来保护需要保护的公共开放空间的光照舒适度。我们制定的发展高度限制规定允许实现更高密度，同时不在指定时间内增加对关键开放空间基础设施的过度遮蔽。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221143120
【作者信息】
马库斯·怀特教授是一位屡获殊荣的建筑师和城市设计师，是哈里森与白公司的联合总监，是悉尼斯威本大学设计创新中心建筑与城市设计教授，也是时空研究城市设计及建筑实验室（STRUDAL）主任。他的工作重点是通过设计进行的研究，利用新兴技术和数据。他是行人分析工具www.PedestrianCatch.com的创造者，并领导澳大利亚研究委员会“步行-质量”链接项目。他和纳诺·兰根海姆博士合著了一本名为《城市主义的终结：通过五个悲伤阶段的过渡》的书，这是一本关于城市设计范式的后现代探索，借鉴了伊丽莎白·库伯勒-罗斯的五个阶段悲伤理论。纳诺·兰根海姆博士是墨尔本大学景观建筑和城市设计系的讲师。她的研究重点是街道景观的跨学科建模，以及算法植物或树木结构建模的演变，从L-系统到先进的递归分支、程序性和空间殖民化算法。在澳大利亚墨尔本的莫纳什大学艺术、设计和建筑学院（MADA）完成城市森林设计博士学位之前，她接受过树木专家的培训。她对城市树木的历史进行了广泛研究，检查了街道网络设计决策驱动因素的发展和转变，特别是街道树木从传统的视觉和功能性到当今的环境紧迫性。
杨天一是一位屡获殊荣的澳大利亚建筑师、研究员和讲师，在斯威本科技大学和墨尔本大学有前沿学术研究经验。他的重点是使用数据和新兴技术设计可持续和宜居的城市未来。他正在进行博士研究，在NOVELL再设计项目中指导医疗保健设施设计。他在中国、欧洲和澳大利亚与各实践合作参与了许多重要的设计项目。他的设计作品在世界各地展出过，包括纽约的WantedDesign和上海的OCAT上海馆。
Delineating functional regions from road networks: The case of South Korea
从道路网络划分功能区域:以韩国为例
【摘要】
We apply a percolation method to South Korea’s road networks and identify major urban clusters. The results show that Korea has developed a highly mono-centric spatial structure, in which the Seoul Metropolitan Area expands to northern Chungnam, far beyond the limits conventionally assumed. A percolation threshold of 1080 m is critical in delineating Korea’s functional regions, and the results at this threshold show great similarity to flow-based maps. Similar model outputs support the percolation approach as an alternative to conventional flow-based methods. The similarity is higher for larger clusters, where the supply of road infrastructure better meets demand thanks to size-biased public resource allocation. Also, the similarity between model outputs tends to increase with a time lag, since road network configurations take time to catch up with the demand revealed in traffic flows. These findings speak for the need for increased connectivity in Korea’s smaller cities.
【摘要翻译】
我们将渗透方法应用于韩国的道路网络，并确定了主要的城市群。结果表明，韩国已经形成了高度单一中心的空间结构，其中首都圈扩展到忠南北部，远远超出了传统假设的范围。1080米的渗透阈值对于描绘韩国的功能区至关重要，该阈值的结果与基于流量的地图非常相似。类似的模型输出支持渗透方法作为传统的基于流量的方法的替代方案。在更大的集群中，相似性更高，由于公共资源配置的规模偏向，道路基础设施的供给更能满足需求。此外，模型输出之间的相似性往往会随着时间的滞后而增加，因为道路网络配置需要时间才能赶上交通流中显示的需求。这些调查结果表明，韩国小城市需要加强网络连接。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231172198
【作者信息】
Xingjian Liu，与香港大学城市规划及设计学系合作。他研究城市和区域发展，是全球化和世界城市研究网络的成员。Visualizing economic drivers of virtual land trade: A case study of global cereals trade
可视化虚拟土地贸易的经济驱动力：全球谷物贸易案例研究
【摘要】
Exploring virtual land trade (VLT) embodied in the global agricultural trade enables us to uncover potential risks to economy, environment, and food security within the trade structure. Using the bilateral trade data for the periods of 1988–1990, 1998–2000, 2008–2010, and 2018–2020, we created halfcircle diagrams depicting how virtual land of cereals is traded between countries of different income levels. The diagrams show that the global trend of virtual land in cereal products was being exported from high-income to low-income countries. Initially, a few wealthy countries dominated exports, and in later periods, middle-income countries joined major exporters. There has been a significant increase in the number of countries participating in VLT. Halfcircle diagrams are a useful tool for visualizing overall trends of VLT in relation to a potential driver.
【摘要翻译】
探索全球农业贸易中的虚拟土地贸易使我们能够揭示贸易结构中可能对经济、环境和粮食安全造成的风险。我们使用1988-1990年、1998-2000年、2008-2010年和2018-2020年的双边贸易数据，创建了半圆图，展示不同收入水平国家之间谷物虚拟土地的贸易情况。这些图表显示，谷物产品虚拟土地的全球趋势是从高收入国家向低收入国家出口。起初，少数富裕国家主导出口，后来，中等收入国家也加入了主要出口国行列。参与虚拟土地贸易的国家的数量大幅增加。半圆图是一个有用的工具，可以可视化虚拟土地贸易的整体趋势与潜在驱动因素之间的关系。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231177057
【作者信息】
朴秀炫是乔治梅森大学计算与数据科学系的助理教授，主要研究空间中人员和物资的流动与当地环境的相互关系。她还对通过可视化方法探索地理空间数据感兴趣。达拉·K·芒罗是马萨诸塞州剑桥市林肯土地政策研究所的研究主任，是一位地理学家，对经济环境相互作用、地理空间分析方法、统计模型和定性研究方法等有研究兴趣。
肖宁川是美国俄亥俄州立大学地理学教授，研究兴趣包括空间数据科学、地图制图与可视化、空间优化以及基于Web的GIS。
Changes in tree canopy coverage and inequality in the contiguous United States between 2010 and 2020
2010年至2020年美国邻近地区树冠覆盖率和不平等的变化
【摘要】
Tree canopy is increasingly recognized as an important environmental amenity that raises inequity concerns, yet only few studies have examined the changes in tree canopy coverage and the associated distribution inequality in a large geographical context. This study depicts the changing trend and the associated inequality in tree canopy distribution at the county level in the contiguous United States between the years 2010 and 2020. Results show that the West and Northeast regions suffered the most from tree canopy loss, while the Midwest/Great Lakes region experienced increases in its tree canopy coverage. The inequality in tree canopy distribution has generally been exacerbated across counties from 2010 to 2020. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating the changing tree canopy coverage and the associated inequity outcome into policy considerations.
【摘要翻译】
树冠作为一种重要的环境设施而日益受到人们的重视，但在大的地理背景下，树冠覆盖率的变化及其分布不平等的研究却很少。本研究描述了2010 - 2020年美国相邻县域林冠分布的变化趋势及相关不平等。结果表明，西部和东北部地区的冠层损失最为严重，而中西部/五大湖地区的冠层覆盖率则有所增加。2010 - 2020年县域间树冠分布不平等程度普遍加剧。这些发现强调了将变化的树冠覆盖率和相关的不平等结果纳入政策考虑的重要性。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231177315
【作者信息】
Chaosu Li，香港科技大学(广州)城市治理与设计学院城市规划助理教授及香港科技大学公共政策学系附属助理教授。他对土地利用和环境规划以及气候变化的城市规划感兴趣
Corrigendum to Delineating Functional Regions from Road Networks: The Case of South Korea
道路网络功能区域划分的勘误：以韩国为例
【摘要】
In the published article, the authors have notified that additional funding has been received to make the article open access and hence marked to include acknowledgement and funding in the original published pdf. We are thankful to the University of Hong Kong (Project Code: 201910159068), the National Research Foundation of Korea (Project Number: NRF-2021S1A5A2A03063693), and the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (Project Number: 17600918) for their financial support. We also acknowledge the financial support from the University of Hong Kong Research Committee and Faculty of Architecture for Prof. Euijune Kim’s visiting research professorship at the University. The publication of this article in an open access format is made possible, in part, by the support from the HKU Libraries Open Access Author Fund, which is sponsored by the HKU Libraries.
【摘要翻译】
在已发表的文章中，作者通知已收到额外资金以使该文章开放获取，因此标记在已发布的PDF文件中包含致谢和资助信息。我们感谢香港大学（项目代码：201910159068）、韩国国家研究基金会（项目编号：NRF-2021S1A5A2A03063693）和香港研究资助委员会（项目编号：17600918）的财政支持。我们也感谢香港大学图书馆访问研究员金博士在大学的财务支持。这篇文章的开放获取出版部分得益于香港大学图书馆开放获取作者基金的资助，该基金由香港大学图书馆赞助。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231179803
【作者信息】
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