本次给大家整理的是《Cities》杂志2024年11月第154期的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括74篇SCI论文！由于论文过多，我们将通过两篇文章进行介绍，本篇文章介绍第1--第30篇论文!
1
Unveiling inequality: A deep dive into racial and gender disparities in US court case closures
揭示不平等：深入探讨美国法院案件结案中的种族和性别差异
【摘要】
This study uses generative AI and public datasets to examine racial and gender disparities in US court case closures from 2019 to 2024. It finds significant disparities using ANOVA, Chi-Square, and Fisher's method, with an increasing trend over time. Gender disparity, though less significant in 2024, persists. Further research is needed to identify root causes and develop targeted interventions. Continuous monitoring is essential to evaluate their effectiveness. Promoting transparency, investing in research, and implementing robust monitoring systems are crucial steps towards a fairer justice system for all.
【摘要翻译】
本研究利用生成性人工智能和公共数据集，考察了2019年至2024年期间美国法院案件结案中的种族和性别差异。通过方差分析、卡方检验和费舍尔方法，发现显著的差异，并且这种差异在时间上呈上升趋势。尽管在2024年性别差异的显著性降低，但仍然存在。需要进一步研究以确定根本原因并制定针对性的干预措施。持续监测对于评估干预措施的有效性至关重要。促进透明度、投资研究以及实施强有力的监测系统是实现更加公平的司法体系的重要步骤。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105398
【作者信息】
Yoshiyasu Takefuji，数据科学学院，武藏野大学，日本东京江东区有明3-3-3，邮政编码135-8181
2
Differential impacts of urban revitalization projects on land prices: A case study of Seongnam, South Korea
城市复兴项目对地价的差异影响：以韩国城南市为例
【摘要】
This study investigates the varied effects of urban revitalization projects on land prices in Seongnam, South Korea. As rapid urbanization continues to be a global challenge, the economic impacts of different urban revitalization strategies hold crucial importance in informed urban planning and policymaking. This study uses a spatial hedonic approach to analyze the influence of distinct urban renewal and regeneration initiatives on land values. The results reveal that the urban renewal project, which involves significant physical upgrades and redevelopment, appears to substantially increase land prices. However, a deeper analysis accounting for spatial spillover effects indicates that most of this increase is due to the influence of high-value adjacent areas. Conversely, urban regeneration projects, which focus on enhancing the socioeconomic and cultural aspects of urban areas without causing drastic physical changes, consistently have a significant positive impact on land prices, even when spatial structures are considered. This study underscores that urban planners and policymakers should carefully evaluate the type of urban revitalization strategy to be implemented and its contextual spatial effects. The findings suggest that urban regeneration can be a more effective tool than urban renewal for sustainable urban improvement, contributing to enhanced land utility and neighborhood development. These insights are particularly valuable for cities in developed and developing countries facing similar urban challenges.
【摘要翻译】
这项研究探讨了城市复兴项目对韩国城南市土地价格的不同影响。随着快速城市化持续成为全球性挑战，不同城市复兴策略的经济影响在城市规划和政策制定中具有重要意义。本研究采用空间 hedonic 方法分析不同城市更新和再生计划对土地价值的影响。结果显示，涉及重大物理升级和重建的城市更新项目显著提升了土地价格。然而，深入分析空间溢出效应后发现，这一大幅提升主要归因于高价值邻近区域的影响。相比之下，专注于改善城市地区社会经济和文化方面的城市再生项目，即便在考虑空间结构的情况下，也持续对土地价格产生显著正面影响。该研究强调城市规划者和政策制定者应仔细评估实施的城市复兴策略类型及其上下文空间效应。研究结果表明，城市再生可以比城市更新更有效地作为可持续城市改善的工具，有助于提高土地效用和邻里发展。这些见解对面临类似城市挑战的发达国家和发展中国家的城市尤为宝贵。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105256
【作者信息】
Hanmin Gu，韩国首尔西大门区延世路50号城市规划与工程系，邮政编码03722
Inclusive smart cities? Technology-driven urban development and disabilities
包容性智慧城市？以技术驱动的城市发展与残疾人为视角
【摘要】
The concept of smart cities refers to urban areas that utilize (digital) technologies to enhance urban operations, services, and the quality of life of their residents. However, people have varying possibilities and capabilities for using (digital) technologies. This intertwines the technology-driven urban development with the ideal of inclusiveness (or the lack thereof) as it seems unrealistic to assume that smart cities would benefit equally the whole society. This controversy is approached by questioning whether smart cities can really improve the living conditions of the disadvantaged via reviewing the literature that ties technology-driven urban development to persons with disabilities. The study shows, first, that disabilities are rarely discussed in the extant literature on smart cities particularly from a critical perspective. Second, it is underlined here, based on the reviewed literature, that while smart city initiatives hold promise for enhancing urban living conditions of persons with disabilities, they are not one-size-fits-all answers to tackle the marginalization of persons with disabilities. Rather, since technological solutions do not counter the fundamental barriers of exclusion, urban technologies still need advanced ideas in establishing a truly inclusive smart city.
【摘要翻译】
智能城市的概念指的是利用（数字）技术提升城市运营、服务及居民生活质量的城市区域。然而，人们在使用（数字）技术方面的能力和可能性各不相同。这使得技术驱动的城市发展与包容性的理想（或缺乏包容性）交织在一起，因为假设智能城市能同等惠及整个社会似乎不切实际。为了解决这一争议，本文质疑智能城市是否真的能够改善弱势群体的生活条件，回顾了将技术驱动的城市发展与残疾人相关联的文献。研究表明，首先，现有关于智能城市的文献很少从批判的角度讨论残疾问题。其次，基于回顾的文献强调，虽然智能城市倡议有望提升残疾人的城市生活条件，但它们并不是解决残疾人边缘化问题的万能答案。实际上，由于技术解决方案并未消除根本的排斥障碍，城市技术在建立真正包容的智能城市方面仍需更先进的理念。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105334
【作者信息】
Teemu Makkonen, 芬兰尤韦斯基大学，卡累利阿研究所，Yliopistokatu 2，FI-80101 约恩苏，芬兰
Tommi Inkinen，芬兰图尔库大学，地理与地质系，Vesilinnantie 5，FI-20500 图尔库，芬兰
4
Place making decisions among informal street food vendors in Sunyani, Ghana
加纳苏尼亚街头小贩的场所决策
【摘要】
Street vending is vilified and extolled in equal measure. Recently, however, city authorities have sought to “sanitize” the urban space in their efforts to create the ideal city. This study focuses specifically on understanding place making decisions among food vendors in the Sunyani Municipality as a way of informing urban policy making on the siting of food vending activities, given the potential of exposure of food to contaminants and public health concerns. Mixed methods involving the use of questionnaire and Key Informant Interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 208 and 3 respondents, respectively. The results show that food vending in Sunyani is predominantly undertaken by less educated and skilled women in unauthorised public spaces. They are mainly driven by demand for their services; therefore, proximity to customers, proximity to the city centre, cost and availability of space, proximity to a transport terminal and proximity to a major road are the spatial considerations that influence their decisions to locate their activities at specific places. They also operate at specific times of the day. The study recommends that major city infrastructure projects be accompanied with ancillary facilities that support food vending as a spatial attribute of city planning. It is also recommended that the city authorities take control of the practice and promote allocative efficiency based on the diurnal demand for space. These measures will help reduce the haphazard spread of food vendors, enhance the permitting process by authorities, improve monitoring and revenue mobilization and contribute to new flows and improved spatial relations in the city.
【摘要翻译】
街头小贩在城市中既受到指责，也受到赞扬。然而，最近，城市当局在努力创建理想城市的过程中，试图对城市空间进行“美化”。本研究专注于理解在Sunyani市，食品小贩的场所创造决策，以便为城市政策的制定提供信息，特别是在食品暴露于污染物和公共卫生问题的潜在风险方面。研究采用混合方法，使用问卷调查和关键访谈，分别收集了208名和3名受访者的定量和定性数据。结果显示，Sunyani的食品小贩主要由受教育程度较低且技能不足的女性在未经授权的公共空间内经营。她们的活动主要受服务需求驱动，因此，接近客户、靠近市中心、空间成本和可用性、靠近交通枢纽以及靠近主要道路等空间因素，都是影响她们决定在特定地点开展活动的重要考虑。此外，她们通常在特定时间段内经营。研究建议，主要城市基础设施项目应配备支持食品小贩的附属设施，作为城市规划的一部分。同时，建议城市当局对这一实践进行控制，并根据日间对空间的需求促进资源配置效率。这些措施将有助于减少食品小贩的随意扩散，改善当局的许可流程，提高监控和收入动员，促进城市中新的流动和改善的空间关系。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105328
【作者信息】
David Anaafo, 加纳Sunyani能源与自然资源大学（UENR）地理与可持续发展科学系
Ricky Yao Nutsugbodo, 加纳Sunyani能源与自然资源大学（UENR）地理与可持续发展科学系
Edna Agyepong, 加纳Sunyani能源与自然资源大学（UENR）地理与可持续发展科学系
George Kwadwo Anane, 加纳Sunyani能源与自然资源大学（UENR）学术与学生事务处
Baffour Antoa Mensah, 加纳Sunyani能源与自然资源大学（UENR）采购单位
Paul Domanban Bata，加纳瓦市SD Dombo商学院与综合发展研究大学发展研究系
5
Can the energy conservation and emission reduction demonstration city policy enhance urban domestic waste control? Evidence from 283 cities in China
能源节约与减排示范城市政策能否改善城市生活垃圾管理？来自中国283个城市的证据
【摘要】
The impact of energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) policies on domestic waste control has not been determined. Previous papers have focused predominantly on industrial pollution rather than domestic waste control. To fill this gap, this paper evaluates the impact of the ECER demonstration city policy on domestic waste control based on Chinese city-level data from 2010 to 2020 using a staggered difference-in-differences model. This paper finds that the implementation of the policy has significantly increased the amount of urban domestic waste removed and the capacity for harmless disposal. A comprehensive examination of possible mechanisms reveals that ECER demonstration cities have achieved improved domestic waste control through channels such as increased government inputs in waste control, the promotion of green lifestyles among residents, and the promotion of technological advances in waste control. Detailed heterogeneity analyses reveal that the positive impact of the policy on domestic waste control is greater in cities at a high level in the administrative hierarchy, in eastern cities, and in large cities. This study has strong practical significance, as it provides insights supporting differentiated efforts to promote the construction of ECER demonstration cities and guidance for improving domestic waste control capacity by exploiting ECER policies.
【摘要翻译】
能源节约和减排（ECER）政策对家庭垃圾控制的影响尚未确定。之前的研究主要集中在工业污染而非家庭垃圾控制。为填补这一空白，本文基于2010年至2020年中国城市层级数据，采用阶梯差异法评估ECER示范城市政策对家庭垃圾控制的影响。研究发现，该政策的实施显著增加了城市家庭垃圾的清除量和无害处理能力。对可能机制的全面考察表明，ECER示范城市通过增加政府在垃圾控制方面的投入、推广居民绿色生活方式以及促进垃圾控制技术的进步，实现了家庭垃圾控制的改善。详细的异质性分析显示，该政策对家庭垃圾控制的积极影响在行政等级较高的城市、东部城市和大城市中更为显著。本研究具有较强的实际意义，为支持差异化努力推动ECER示范城市建设提供了见解，并为通过利用ECER政策改善家庭垃圾控制能力提供了指导。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105323
【作者信息】
Qingshan Ma, 厦门大学经济学院，厦门，中国
Yuanmeng Zhang, 清华大学公共管理学院，北京，中国
Feng Hu, 上海对外经贸大学国际商务与经济创新与治理研究所，上海，中国
Haiyan Zhou，菲律宾卡巴纳图安新埃及科技大学研究生院
6
Promoting active aging in Brazil: A longitudinal study of land use mix and utilitarian walking in older adults
推动巴西的积极老龄化：土地混合利用与老年人实用步行的纵向研究
【摘要】
Despite walking being common among older adults, international evidence suggests its prevalence is lower compared to other age groups. Land use mix (LUM) is believed to encourage walking, but in the context of Brazilian and other Latin American cities, empirical evidence for this association for older age groups is lacking. Moreover, existing studies for this cohort usually employ a cross-sectional design, weakening the robustness of conclusions. This study addresses these gaps by investigating the impact of LUM on utilitarian walking in Brazil using a longitudinal approach with 566 older adults. Logistic regression analyses reveal significant positive associations between walking and two LUM measures (entropy and objective NEWS diversity), indicating that land use diversity plays a crucial role beyond local accessibility and non-residential availability, even within the context of Brazilian cities. Therefore, the attractiveness of walking for transportation among older adults can be amplified through a combination of diverse amenities, closer proximity to residential areas, and an equitable distribution of land uses coupled with more locally integrated street layouts that allow easy access to nearby surroundings. Practical steps include participatory local street design and development planning to enable grid intensification, avoidance of monofunctional zones and planning incentives for multifunctional developments.
【摘要翻译】
尽管步行在老年人中很常见，但国际证据表明，老年人的步行普及率低于其他年龄组。土地利用混合（LUM）被认为能够鼓励步行，但在巴西和其他拉丁美洲城市的背景下，缺乏针对老年人群体这一关联的实证证据。此外，现有针对该群体的研究通常采用横断面设计，削弱了结论的可靠性。本研究通过对566名老年人的纵向研究，探讨LUM对巴西老年人使用性步行的影响，以填补这些空白。逻辑回归分析显示，步行与两个LUM指标（熵值和客观NEWS多样性）之间存在显著的正相关关系，这表明土地利用多样性在本地可达性和非住宅可用性之外发挥着关键作用，即使在巴西城市的背景下也是如此。因此，通过多样化的便利设施、靠近住宅区的距离以及更公平的土地利用分布，加上更具本地集成的街道布局，可以增强老年人的步行吸引力，促进交通出行。实际措施包括参与式地方街道设计和发展规划，以促进网格密集化，避免单一功能区，并为多功能开发提供规划激励。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105318
【作者信息】
Renato Tibiriçá de Saboya, 巴西弗洛里亚诺波利斯，联邦圣卡塔琳娜大学建筑与城市规划系
Eleonora D'Orsi, 巴西弗洛里亚诺波利斯，联邦圣卡塔琳娜大学公共卫生系
Ramin Keivani，英国牛津，牛津布鲁克斯大学建筑环境学院
The link between territorial capital and urban transformative capacity
领土资本与城市变革能力之间的联系
【摘要】
Following up the research on territorial capital (TC) and urban transformative capacity (UTC), this paper puts forward a joint framework that recognizes linkages between TC and UTC. As the two research areas increasingly overlap, the overarching aims of this study are to explore how the two research fields might benefit from each other's strengths and develop mutually reinforcing forces to compensate for the existing shortcomings. After presenting the similarities and distinctions between TC and UTC, with particular focus on the notion and subject addressed, domains and key constituents, targets and purposes, as well as assessment techniques enabling empirical validation, a joint framework is proposed. It is concluded that a more powerful approach can be created by combining TC and UTC, which broadens understanding of both territorial capital formation and transformations of cities and regions while allowing to enlarge the field of discussion on existing assessment practices.
【摘要翻译】
继对领土资本（TC）和城市转型能力（UTC）研究的后续，这篇论文提出了一个联合框架，承认 TC 和 UTC 之间的联系。随着这两个研究领域的日益重叠，本研究的总体目标是探讨这两个研究领域如何互相借鉴各自的优势，并形成相互强化的力量，以弥补现有的不足。在介绍 TC 和 UTC 之间的相似性和区别时，特别关注所涉及的概念和主题、领域和关键成分、目标和目的，以及能够进行实证验证的评估技术后，提出了一个联合框架。得出的结论是，通过结合 TC 和 UTC，可以创造出一种更强有力的方法，这不仅扩展了对领土资本形成和城市及区域转型的理解，同时也扩大了关于现有评估实践的讨论范围。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105332
【作者信息】
Balázs István Tóth，索普朗大学，亚历山大·兰法卢西经济学院，匈牙利索普朗市，埃尔日贝特街9号，邮政编码9400
Enabling mobility and inclusion: Designing accessible autonomous vehicles for people with disabilities
【摘要】
Accessible transport would increase opportunities and services for People with Disabilities (PwDs) including but not limited to work, healthcare, and social inclusion, which will translate into positive economic and community outcomes. Accessible transport will reduce restrictions on PWDs' freedom of movement, which violates their rights and undermines their dignity and inclusion. The lack of accessible transport represents one of the biggest challenges for PwDs. This paper provides an overview of accessible road vehicles and captures key information needed to design an accessible AV. A comprehensive analysis of 57 studies reveals relevant design requirements for a diverse group including PwDs. Recommendations for the design of accessible AVs are provided. The paper emphasizes the importance of user acceptance, accessibility, and trust. The design process should consider various PwD types and trip stages, employ multimodal outputs, conduct trials, explore subsidizing fares for PwDs, and create specialized vehicles for different purposes or contexts.
【摘要翻译】
无障碍交通将增加残疾人（PwDs）的机会和服务，包括但不限于工作、医疗保健和社会融合，这将转化为积极的经济和社区成果。无障碍交通将减少对残疾人自由移动的限制，这种限制侵犯了他们的权利，并破坏了他们的尊严和包容性。缺乏无障碍交通是残疾人面临的最大挑战之一。本文提供了无障碍道路车辆的概述，并捕捉了设计无障碍自动驾驶车辆（AV）所需的关键信息。对57项研究的综合分析揭示了包括残疾人在内的多样化人群的相关设计要求。本文还提供了无障碍自动驾驶车辆设计的建议。强调了用户接受度、可达性和信任的重要性。设计过程应考虑不同类型的残疾人及其出行阶段，采用多模式输出，进行试点测试，探索对残疾人的票价补贴，并为不同用途或环境创建专用车辆。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105333
【作者信息】
Fahimeh Golbabaei, 澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰科技大学工程学院土木与环境工程学院
James Dwyer, 澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰科技大学创意产业、教育与社会正义学院设计学院
Rafael Gomez, 澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰科技大学创意产业、教育与社会正义学院设计学院
Andrew Peterson, 澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰科技大学创意产业、教育与社会正义学院设计学院
Kevin Cocks, 澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰州交通与主干道路厅无障碍交通网络部门
Alexander Bubke, 澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰州交通与主干道部无障碍交通网络部门
Alexander Paz，澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰科技大学工程学院土木与环境工程学院
9
Land financialization and gentrification: evidence from China
土地金融化与绅士化：中国的实证证据
【摘要】
As land becomes detached from its social function and market speculation intensifies, housing prices tend to rise, rendering homeownership less affordable. Following the escalation of property values, gentrification is often observed as wealthier individuals and investors are attracted to neighborhoods that offer good amenities and potential returns on their investments. Utilizing diverse datasets from multiple sources in China, this paper unveils a positive association between land financialization and the occurrence of gentrification. It also reveals that land financialization is positively linked with housing prices while negatively associated with homeownership. Further investigation uncovers a more nuanced pattern. At lower levels of land financialization, the effects of gentrification are limited or even negative due to revitalization efforts and the gradual rise in property values during early-stage urban development dynamics. However, as land financialization surpasses a certain threshold, the intensification of investment and speculative activity substantially drives property price increases, leading to heightened gentrification processes. These findings underscore the need for thoughtful urban planning and policy interventions to ensure that the impacts of land financialization are managed in an equitable and sustainable manner.
【摘要翻译】
随着土地脱离其社会功能，市场投机加剧，房价往往上升，导致购房变得越来越负担不起。在房地产价值攀升之后，常常观察到高档化现象，因为更富有的个人和投资者被吸引到提供良好设施和潜在投资回报的社区。本文利用中国多个来源的多样化数据集，揭示了土地金融化与高档化发生之间的正相关关系。研究还显示，土地金融化与房价呈正相关，而与购房率呈负相关。进一步调查揭示了更复杂的模式。在较低水平的土地金融化下，高档化的影响有限甚至是负面的，这主要是由于 revitalization 努力和早期城市发展动态中物业价值的逐步上升。然而，当土地金融化超过某一阈值时，投资和投机活动的加强显著推动了物业价格的上涨，导致高档化过程加剧。这些发现强调了深思熟虑的城市规划和政策干预的必要性，以确保土地金融化的影响以公平和可持续的方式得到管理。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105330
【作者信息】
Yinxin Su, 中国浙江大学公共事务学院
Song Shi, 澳大利亚悉尼科技大学建筑环境学院
Mingzhi Hu, 中国浙江工业大学住房与房地产学院管理学院
Yuzhe Wu，中国浙江大学公共事务学院
10
House relocation: A redevelopment tool for rapidly changing urban environments
Sarah Gamble
房屋搬迁：应对快速变化的城市环境的重建工具
【摘要】
House relocation is a circular reuse approach with potential to address multi-pronged community challenges in rapidly redeveloping cities. Historically used throughout the USA, Austin, Texas serves as the testing ground for this contemporary research on house relocation, exemplifying a urban context experiencing a range of challenges, including rampant demolition, housing shortages, exponential population increase, and unmet zero waste goals. Researchers took a mixed-methods approach, including literature review, interviews, and permit record analysis to assess the use of house relocation as a tool to address these urban challenges, while identifying associated community benefits, barriers, and applications. Written in parallel, the academic research also informed an educational guide for the development community and broader public audience released in 2023.
【摘要翻译】
房屋迁移是一种循环再利用的方法，具有解决快速重建城市中多方面社区挑战的潜力。历史上，这一方法在美国各地得到应用，德克萨斯州奥斯丁作为这一当代房屋迁移研究的试验场，体现了一个面临多重挑战的城市环境，包括肆意的拆除、住房短缺、人口急剧增加和未达成的零废弃目标。研究人员采用了混合方法，包括文献回顾、访谈和许可证记录分析，以评估房屋迁移作为应对这些城市挑战的工具，同时识别相关的社区利益、障碍和应用。与学术研究并行撰写的内容也为2023年发布的开发社区和更广泛公众的教育指南提供了参考。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105233
【作者信息】
Sarah Gamble，美国佛罗里达大学建筑学院，231建筑，邮政信箱115702，盖恩斯维尔，FL 32611
11
Let the city heal you: Environment and activity's distinct roles in leisure restoration and satisfaction
让城市治愈你：环境与活动在休闲恢复与满意度中的不同角色
【摘要】
The rapid urbanization of modern societies has heightened the need to understand how urban environments can enhance residents' well-being. This study addresses this by exploring the roles of leisure environments and activities in the process of restoration and their contributions to leisure satisfaction. The findings indicate that both the perceived restorativeness of the leisure environment and the perceived restorativeness of leisure activities have a positive influence on the outcome of restoration, with the former exhibiting a slightly stronger effect. The restoration outcome significantly predicts leisure satisfaction—specifically, the restoration outcome fully mediates the relationship between the perceived restorativeness of leisure environment and leisure satisfaction, while it partially mediates the association between the perceived restorativeness of leisure activities and leisure satisfaction. Furthermore, the overall impact of leisure activities on leisure satisfaction is considerably greater than that of the leisure environment. This study advances the existing literature on restorative environments research by uncovering the relative effectiveness of settings and activities in the restoration process, thereby providing significant implications for managers of urban public spaces and leisure business establishments.
【摘要翻译】
现代社会的快速城市化加剧了对理解城市环境如何提升居民幸福感的需求。本研究通过探讨休闲环境和活动在恢复过程中的作用及其对休闲满意度的贡献来解决这一问题。研究结果表明，休闲环境的感知恢复性和休闲活动的感知恢复性对恢复结果都有正面影响，其中前者的影响略强。恢复结果显著预测休闲满意度——具体而言，恢复结果完全中介了休闲环境感知恢复性与休闲满意度之间的关系，同时部分中介了休闲活动感知恢复性与休闲满意度之间的关联。此外，休闲活动对休闲满意度的总体影响显著大于休闲环境的影响。本研究通过揭示设置和活动在恢复过程中的相对有效性，推动了恢复环境研究的现有文献，从而为城市公共空间和休闲商业机构的管理者提供了重要的启示。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105336
【作者信息】
Yu-Xia Lin, 中国杭州市下沙大学城浙江工商大学旅游与城乡规划学院，学政街18号，邮政编码310018
Yi Liu，中国杭州市下沙大学城浙江工商大学旅游与城乡规划学院，学政街18号，邮政编码310018
12
Sustainable transportation in fragmented governance settings: The case of Washington, DC
分散治理下的可持续交通：以华盛顿特区为例
【摘要】
Washington, District of Columbia (DC), like many cities around the world has responded to the UN's call to help national governments deliver on their 2030 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) covered under the UN's sustainable development goal #13, Climate Action. DC's contributions to the United States NDC include making its transportation sector sustainable. DC is part of the Washington Metro region which includes jurisdictions in Maryland and Virginia and during the week commuters from both states increase DC's population by almost 80 % exacerbating traffic congestion. Each jurisdiction in the region is responsible for its financial, transportation, and land use policies. To determine whether this system of fragmented governance impacts DC's transportation goals, this study used Banister's sustainable mobility framework to analyze transportation projects constructed or implemented in jurisdictions in the region. The results reveal that fragmented governance has led to jurisdictions in Maryland and Virginia placing greater emphasis on transportation projects that widen, extend, or create new roads and this tends to meet neighborhood or county needs instead of regional targets which would facilitate DC's efforts to reach its sustainable development goals. The study also finds regional agencies such as the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, the National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board, and the Transportation Land-Use Connections Program do not have regulatory powers and hence cannot enforce transportation and land use policies nor fund any projects in the region instead each jurisdiction is responsible for its transportation and land use policies. The study also reveals that these regional agencies can be manipulated by local politicians and recommends the creation of a regional governing body that will make decisions on finance, land-use, housing, and transportation and be accountable to constituents and thus avoid interference from local politicians.
【摘要翻译】
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（DC）像世界许多城市一样，响应了联合国的号召，帮助各国政府实现其2030年国家自主贡献（NDC），这项承诺涵盖了联合国可持续发展目标第13项：气候行动。华盛顿特区对美国国家自主贡献的贡献包括使其交通部门实现可持续发展。DC是华盛顿地铁地区的一部分，该地区包括马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州的多个辖区，每周，来自这两个州的通勤者使DC的人口增加近80%，加剧了交通拥堵。该地区的每个辖区对其财政、交通和土地使用政策负责。为了确定这种分散治理体系是否影响DC的交通目标，本研究采用班尼斯特的可持续交通框架分析了该地区辖区内建设或实施的交通项目。结果显示，分散的治理导致马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州的辖区更加强调扩宽、延伸或新建道路的交通项目，这往往满足邻里或县的需求，而不是促进DC实现其可持续发展目标的区域性目标。研究还发现，华盛顿地区的机构如华盛顿地区政府委员会、国家首都地区交通规划委员会和交通土地使用连接计划没有监管权，因此无法强制执行交通和土地使用政策，也无法资助该地区的任何项目，而是每个辖区对其交通和土地使用政策负责。研究还揭示，这些区域机构可能会受到地方政治家的操控，并建议建立一个区域治理机构，负责财务、土地使用、住房和交通的决策，并对选民负责，从而避免地方政治家的干预。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105317
【作者信息】
Petronella Kigochi，美国华盛顿特区NW第六街2400号，霍华德大学历史系，邮政编码20059
13
Propositions for place-based policies in making regional innovation systems. Evidence from six high-tech industrial development zones in China
地方政策提议：构建区域创新体系的证据——以中国六大高科技产业开发区为例
【摘要】
Place-based policies (PBPs) for innovation have profoundly influenced multi-scalar place-builders to bring supra-regional and intra-regional resources into specific spaces to establish so-called ‘regional innovation systems’. Drawing on worldwide debates on PBPs, particularly the criticism of ‘one-size-fits-all’ approaches and the ‘innovation paradox’ in regional innovation policies, we argue that the impacts of PBPs are not a binary issue; rather, they are a complex configuration rooted in regional contexts or intervened with multi-layered innovation systems. A two-dimensional typology with four PBP propositions – investing, demonstrating, interacting, and integrating – is conceptualised. Furthermore, we take a representative PBP – high-tech industrial development zones in China – as a case study and use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to examine the conditional configurations in real-world policy making, acknowledging the multifaceted and complex interactions within innovation systems. The results indicate that supra-regional pipelines, such as global investments, interact with or adapt to specific regional contexts when introduced to localities. In certain propositions, national platforms can act as a bridge, channelling external resources to targeted territories, which can realise innovation transformations that are not exclusively rooted in specific regional conditions. This paper has implications for configurational PBP making in lagging regions. Ultimately, we call for further in-depth qualitative research on the relationship between the nature of innovation development and regional context.
【摘要翻译】
基于地点的创新政策（PBP）深刻影响了多尺度的地方建设者，促使他们将跨区域和区域内部资源引入特定空间，以建立所谓的“区域创新系统”。本文借鉴全球范围内关于PBP的讨论，特别是对“一刀切”方法和区域创新政策中的“创新悖论”的批评，提出PBP的影响不是二元问题，而是根植于区域背景或多层次创新系统干预下的复杂配置。我们构建了一个包含投资、示范、互动和整合四个PBP命题的二维分类法。此外，我们以中国的高科技产业发展区作为代表性PBP进行案例研究，并使用模糊集定性比较分析来考察现实政策制定中的条件配置，承认创新系统内的多面性和复杂互动。研究结果表明，跨区域管道（如全球投资）在引入地方时，会与特定的区域背景互动或适应。在某些命题中，国家平台可以作为桥梁，将外部资源引导到目标地区，从而实现不完全根植于特定区域条件的创新转型。本文对落后地区的配置性PBP制定具有重要意义。最终，我们呼吁对创新发展性质与区域背景之间关系的进一步深入定性研究。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105322
【作者信息】
Simin Yan, 海德堡大学 化学与地球科学学院 地理学研究所，海德堡 69120，德国；卡塞尔大学 第06系 建筑、空间规划、景观规划，卡塞尔 34127，德国
Lin Zou, 上海工程技术大学 管理学院，上海 201620，中国
Anna Growe, 卡塞尔大学 第06系 建筑、空间规划、景观规划，卡塞尔 34127，德国
Qixuan Wang，同济大学 建筑与城市规划学院，上海 200092，中国
14
The sharing economy and urban crime
共享经济与城市犯罪
【摘要】
This paper examines whether the intensity of Airbnb is associated with city-level crime rates. This research sheds light on matters adjacent to current activities in public policy as cities engage in city-level Airbnb regulation. At the same time, Airbnb continues to expand. In the aggregate, Airbnb usage is associated with no significant crime increase but rather significant decreases in crimes of private conflict that persist in direction, significance, and magnitude over time. I do uncover evidence that two types of rooms, private rooms (44%) and shared rooms (1.5%), appear to be positively associated with both property crimes and crimes against society, though it is not always significant. Those same crimes have a roughly mirrored reduction as entire place usage increases, representing the majority and remainder (54.5%) of Airbnb rentals. More importantly, the crime reduction retains the same approximate magnitude for 12 months afterward, and no pretrends are apparent. This aligns with the idea that Airbnb offerings in the aggregate are generally crime-neutral or modestly crime-reducing rather than the prevailing opinion that they are criminogenic while highlighting considerable heterogeneity in their offerings.
【摘要翻译】
这篇论文探讨了Airbnb的使用强度是否与城市级别的犯罪率相关。该研究为公共政策领域提供了相关洞见，尤其是在各城市进行Airbnb监管的背景下，同时Airbnb也在不断扩张。总体而言，Airbnb的使用与犯罪率并没有显著的增加，反而在私人冲突犯罪方面显示出显著减少，这种趋势在时间上持续、显著且有力度。我发现，两种房间类型，私人房间（44%）和共享房间（1.5%），似乎与财产犯罪和社会犯罪呈正相关，尽管这种关联并不总是显著。与此同时，当整套房源的使用增加时，这些犯罪率也显示出大致相当的减少，整套房源占据了Airbnb租赁的主要部分（54.5%）。更重要的是，犯罪率的降低在随后的12个月中保持了相近的幅度，并且没有明显的前期趋势。这与Airbnb整体上通常被认为是中性或轻微减少犯罪的观点一致，而不是普遍认为的助长犯罪的看法，同时突显了其房源提供的显著异质性。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105285
【作者信息】
Bryan S. Weber，经济学系，卢西尔与杰伊·查赞诺夫商学院，斯塔滕岛学院 - 纽约市立大学，美国纽约，纽约州
15
The financial sustainability of public services as an instrument to combat depopulation in small and medium-sized municipalities
公共服务的财政可持续性作为对抗中小城市人口减少的工具
【摘要】
Previous research identified influencing factors in sustainability of public services but exclusively in large local governments, despite the fact that depopulation is currently a serious problem that affects rural areas of many European countries. However, despite that >80 % of European municipalities have fewer than 5000 inhabitants, more work is needed on the factors influencing the financial sustainability of small local governments, that are being greatly affected by the loss of population. This study identifies influencing factors in the financial sustainability of local governments of different population sizes. We analyse the behaviour of 3625 Spanish municipalities during 2009–2017. Our findings are useful for public managers interested in promoting the financial sustainability of small municipalities as an instrument to fight against depopulation and prevent effects of economics crisis in small and medium municipalities.
【摘要翻译】
以往的研究已经确定了影响公共服务可持续性的因素，但仅限于大型地方政府，尽管人口流失目前是影响许多欧洲国家农村地区的严重问题。然而，尽管超过80%的欧洲市镇人口少于5000人，仍需进一步研究影响小型地方政府财务可持续性的因素，因为它们正受到人口流失的严重影响。本研究识别了不同人口规模地方政府财务可持续性的影响因素。我们分析了2009年至2017年间3625个西班牙市镇的行为。我们的发现对公共管理者在促进小型市镇的财务可持续性方面具有重要意义，这可以作为应对人口流失和防止经济危机对小型和中型市镇影响的工具。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105337
【作者信息】
Laura Alcaide Muñoz, 西班牙格拉纳达大学商学院会计与金融系，地址：卡尔图哈大学校园街，邮政编码18071，格拉纳达
Andrés Navarro Galera, 西班牙格拉纳达大学商学院会计与金融系，地址：卡尔图哈大学校园街，邮政编码18071，格拉纳达
Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar，西班牙格拉纳达大学商学院会计与金融系，地址：卡尔图哈大学校园街，邮政编码18071，格拉纳达
16
Jericho, Palestine: From pilgrims to gamblers, a global oasis city always ‘on the map’
耶利哥，巴勒斯坦：从朝圣者到赌徒，一座全球绿洲城市始终在“地图上”
【摘要】
Jericho is a small Palestinian oasis city located on the far western border of the West Bank near the Dead Sea. As one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Jericho owes its existence to several springs that irrigate 10 km2 of desert for agriculture. The mild winter climate and the abundance of fresh water have made Jericho a prime leisure destination for elites since antiquity, and under the Israeli occupation, Jericho has become a popular destination for wealthy Palestinians to spend weekends. Since the Oslo Agreement (1993), efforts have been made to leverage the longstanding status of Jericho as a leisure destination to create a ‘Las Vegas on the Dead Sea'. For nearly two millennia, Jericho has also attracted religious pilgrims due to its role in events described in the New Testament. In this article, we provide an overview of Jericho's urban history, introduce key issues and actors in Jericho's contemporary urban context and some of the main urban challenges facing Jericho, and highlight the ways in which Jericho, despite its small size and seemingly remote location, can be understood as a ‘global city’ that has been ‘on the map’ since antiquity.
【摘要翻译】
杰里科是一个小型的巴勒斯坦绿洲城市，位于约旦河西岸的最西边，靠近死海。作为世界上最古老的持续有人居住的城市之一，杰里科的存在得益于多处喷泉，这些喷泉为10平方公里的沙漠灌溉农业。温和的冬季气候和丰富的淡水使得杰里科自古以来就成为精英阶层的首选休闲目的地。在以色列占领下，杰里科已成为富有巴勒斯坦人周末休闲的热门去处。自1993年《奥斯陆协议》以来，杰里科努力利用其作为休闲目的地的悠久历史，创造一个“死海上的拉斯维加斯”。近两千年来，杰里科还因其在新约中所描述事件的角色而吸引宗教朝圣者。本文概述了杰里科的城市历史，介绍了杰里科当代城市背景中的关键问题和参与者，以及杰里科面临的一些主要城市挑战，并强调尽管杰里科规模小、位置偏僻，但可以被理解为一个“全球城市”，自古以来就一直“在地图上”。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105338
【作者信息】
Marco Chitti, 加拿大，蒙特利尔，谢尔布鲁克街西805号，伯恩赛德大厅，麦吉尔大学地理系
Sarah Moser，加拿大，蒙特利尔，谢尔布鲁克街西805号，伯恩赛德大厅，麦吉尔大学地理系
17
Using composite indicators and city dashboards to promote place-based policy interventions
通过综合指标与城市仪表盘促进地方政策干预
【摘要】
Spatial inequality is a common urban phenomena in cities around the world, where stark contrasts in a variety of different social and economic outcomes paint a vivid picture of compound inequalities. Tackling these influences from a policy perspective remains challenging, as political economies often span multiple actors and municipal bodies, lacking effective policy instruments to challenge multiple forms of inequality at once. This paper provides a new data-driven perspective, which seeks to improve how policy is developed when trying to mitigate the impacts of compound inequality. Utilising a place-based approach, we present an evidence base which has been co-produced with policymakers, comprising composite spatial indicators and a city dashboard for Liverpool City Region. The assembled evidence base highlights clear patterns of compound inequality across the region, identifying places in greatest need of support. In the paper we discuss how this evidence base is now being used to distribute investment from the City Region Sustainable Transport Settlements, generating positive outcomes for people and places across the region. Finally, we conclude by reflecting on the benefits of building collaborative relationships between academics and policymakers, and the utility of our approach, which uses urban indicators and city dashboards, which we argue can secure a more equitable future for cities globally.
【摘要翻译】
空间不平等是全球城市中普遍存在的现象，社会和经济结果的显著差异揭示了复杂的多层次不平等。 从政策角度解决这些问题面临挑战，因为政治经济体通常涉及多个参与者和市政机构，缺乏有效的工具来同时应对各种形式的不平等。 本文提供了一种新的数据驱动视角，旨在改善政策制定，以减轻复合不平等的影响。 我们采用基于地点的方法，展示了与政策制定者共同制作的证据基础，包含复合空间指标和利物浦城市区域的城市仪表盘。 该证据清晰地揭示了该地区复合不平等的模式，确定了最需要支持的地方。 我们讨论了这一证据基础如何被用于分配来自城市区域可持续交通结算的投资，为该地区的社区带来积极成果。 最后，我们反思了建立学术界与政策制定者之间合作关系的好处，以及我们的方法的实用性，强调利用城市指标和城市仪表盘可以为全球城市争取更加公平的未来。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105329
【作者信息】
Patrick Ballantyne, 利物浦大学地理与规划系，联合王国大不列颠及北爱尔兰
Alex Singleton，利物浦大学地理与规划系，英国大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
18
Emerging African towns are critical urban planning priorities: A research agenda for the sub-continent
非洲新兴小镇是城市规划的优先事项：为非洲大陆的研究议程
【摘要】
This article responds to the significant amount of urban growth in sub-Saharan Africa that is occurring in historically rural areas. As towns become reclassified as ‘urban’, many will be declared local government units and statutory planning areas. Yet, knowledge of urbanisation, and the current and potential role of urban planning, has been overwhelmingly biased towards existing urban centres, especially the largest. This article seeks to decentre urban planning debates from larger agglomerations by contributing to the re-invigorating scholarship on small town growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Key questions include: how do rural villages become towns, how does rural governance transform, and what are the implications for establishing urban planning systems? These questions are approached through a comparative analysis of towns in Tanzania, Malawi and Ghana. The article concludes with a set of questions aimed at guiding further case studies in this increasingly important, though largely overlooked, terrain of planning research, theory and practice.
【摘要翻译】
这篇文章回应了撒哈拉以南非洲历史上农村地区的显著城市增长。当城镇被重新划分为“城市”时，许多城镇将被宣布为地方政府单位和法定规划区域。然而，对于城市化及其当前和潜在的城市规划角色的知识，往往偏向于现有的城市中心，尤其是最大的城市。本文旨在将城市规划的讨论从大型聚集区转移开，通过重新振兴撒哈拉以南非洲小城镇增长的研究。关键问题包括：农村村庄如何变成城镇，农村治理如何转变，以及这对建立城市规划系统有什么影响？这些问题通过对坦桑尼亚、马拉维和加纳城镇的比较分析来探讨。文章最后提出了一系列问题，旨在指导这一越来越重要但在规划研究、理论和实践中 largely 被忽视的领域进一步的案例研究。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105347
【作者信息】
Donald Brown，巴特利特发展规划单位，伦敦大学学院，英国大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
19
Promoting migration for the formation of compact cities: A behavioral economics approach
通过行为经济学促进迁移以构建紧凑型城市
【摘要】
Compacting mature cities is necessary to maintain a sustainable urban structure. This trend is also being considered as a countermeasure for shrinking cities and is being addressed in various regions of developed countries. However, optimizing city size in response to a declining population is unprecedented and requires further examination. A key challenge in this context is encouraging existing residents in areas where shrinkage is desired to relocate to the city center. Given their right to reside in the area, it is necessary to encourage voluntary relocation rather than forced exclusion. Therefore, this study explores the possibility of migration promotion measures that incorporate a behavioral economics perspective. Psychological trends, including Prospect Theory and Sunk Cost thinking, were identified. In addition, the younger generation and those approaching retirement were found to be desirable for promoting resettlement. The findings of this study can guide municipalities in pursuing compact city policies for the redevelopment of city centers and promoting migration. From an academic perspective, this study demonstrates that behavioral economics can be applied to residents living on the fringe of conurbations in a society with a declining population.
【摘要翻译】
这篇文章讨论了紧凑化成熟城市对于维持可持续城市结构的重要性。这一趋势也被视为应对萎缩城市的对策，正在发达国家的不同地区得到关注。然而，针对人口下降优化城市规模的做法是前所未有的，亟需进一步研究。在此背景下，一个关键挑战是鼓励希望萎缩的地区现有居民自愿迁移到市中心。考虑到他们的居住权，必须鼓励自愿迁移，而不是强制排斥。因此，本研究探讨了结合行为经济学视角的迁移促进措施的可能性。研究中识别了包括前景理论和沉没成本思维在内的心理趋势。此外，年轻一代和即将退休的人被发现是促进重新安置的理想人群。研究结果可为市政当局提供指导，帮助其在市中心重新开发和促进迁移方面实施紧凑型城市政策。从学术角度来看，本研究表明行为经济学可以应用于人口减少社会中居住在都市边缘的居民。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105342
【作者信息】
Takashi AOKI，日本，大阪大学工学研究生院全球建筑学科，Suita-City
20
Smart cities in Jordan: Challenges and barriers
约旦智慧城市：挑战与障碍
【摘要】
The smart city has emerged as a revolutionary concept that connects all the different aspects of our life, and the world is witnessing a change of the cities to become smart. As most of the literature related to smart cities refers to the experience of such projects in the context of developed countries, the primary aim of this study was to examine the factors affecting the implementation of smart city projects in a developing one, namely Jordan, through covering the gaps that existed in previous research. The factors examined were divided into: governmental, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental. The findings were based on semi-structured interviews undertaken with experts (seven participants from the private sector, five from the public sector, and three from academia) entrenched in smart city projects in Jordan. The findings of the study reveal that a lack of cooperation and coordination, unclear smart city vision, and poor private-public participation from the governmental group are found to be the top factors that hinder the transformation into a smart city. In the other groups, the need for more flexible legislation to obtain funding (economic factors), community involvement (social factors), poor data availability and scalability, integration and convergence issues across IT networks, and the lack of a database and a centralised analytics system (technological factors), the need for open data and access to such datasets, and lack of regulatory norms, policies, and directions (legal factors) and growing population problems (environmental factors) are the significant factors. This research project is useful to the government and policymakers in several ways. The paper ends with a number of recommendations and avenues for future research.
【摘要翻译】
智能城市作为一个革命性概念应运而生，连接着我们生活的各个方面，世界正目睹城市向智能化转变。由于与智能城市相关的大多数文献主要集中在发达国家的项目经验上，因此本研究的主要目的是考察在发展中国家（即约旦）实施智能城市项目的影响因素，填补以往研究中存在的空白。研究中考察的因素分为：政府、经济、社会、技术、法律和环境六个方面。研究结果基于与在约旦智能城市项目中参与的专家（包括来自私营部门的七位参与者、来自公共部门的五位参与者和来自学术界的三位参与者）进行的半结构化访谈。研究发现，缺乏合作与协调、不清晰的智能城市愿景以及政府群体的公共与私营部门参与不足被认为是阻碍转型为智能城市的主要因素。在其他因素中，经济因素方面需要更灵活的立法以获得资金，社会因素方面需要社区参与，技术因素方面包括数据可用性差和可扩展性、IT网络的整合与融合问题以及缺乏数据库和集中分析系统，法律因素方面需要开放数据和对数据集的访问，缺乏监管规范、政策和指导，环境因素方面则涉及日益增长的人口问题。这项研究对政府和决策者有多方面的实用价值。文章最后提出了一系列建议和未来研究的方向。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105327
【作者信息】
Yazn Alshamaila, 约旦大学，安曼，约旦
Savvas Papagiannidis, 纽卡斯尔大学商学院，纽卡斯尔大学，纽卡斯尔泰恩，英国
Hamad Alsawalqah，约旦大学，安曼，约旦
21
The role of privacy concerns, perceived benefits, and trust in citizens' acceptance of street-view image collection by local planning agencies
隐私问题、感知收益与信任在市民接受地方规划机构街景图像收集中的作用
【摘要】
Street-view images are essential data sources for advanced urban analytics. Most of the street-view images that researchers utilize are commercial street views, which can be inadequate for conducting advanced urban analytics, primarily because of their limited spatial coverage and high temporal inconsistency. Thus, there has been a growing need to collect original street-view images. However, the extent to which citizens approve of the collection of street-view images remains unknown. A scientific investigation of citizens' perceptions about the new data collection method is crucial because it provides empirical evidence for successfully collecting street-view images by local planning agencies. By conducting an online survey (n = 411), we examined the relationship between people's privacy concerns, perceived benefits, trust in a local urban planning agency, and acceptance of the collection of street-view images by an urban planning agency. About 83 % of the survey participants living in the U.S. support the idea that local planning agencies collect original street-view images. The structural equation modeling (SEM) results demonstrate that perceived benefits and trust in an urban planning agency are positively associated with acceptance. Lower income is significantly associated with lower acceptance. Lastly, a significantly lower percentage of people prefer drone-based to vehicle-based image collection.
【摘要翻译】
街景图像是高级城市分析的重要数据源。研究人员使用的大多数街景图像来自商业街景，这在进行高级城市分析时可能不够充分，主要因为它们的空间覆盖有限且时间一致性差。因此，收集原始街景图像的需求日益增长。然而，公众对街景图像收集的认可程度尚不清楚。科学调查公众对这种新数据收集方法的看法至关重要，因为这为地方规划机构成功收集街景图像提供了实证依据。通过进行一项在线调查（n = 411），我们研究了人们的隐私担忧、感知收益、对地方城市规划机构的信任以及对城市规划机构收集街景图像的接受度之间的关系。约83%的调查参与者（居住在美国）支持地方规划机构收集原始街景图像的想法。结构方程模型（SEM）结果表明，感知收益和对城市规划机构的信任与接受度正相关。收入较低与接受度显著负相关。最后，选择无人机收集图像的人比例显著低于选择车辆收集的人。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105339
【作者信息】
Junghwan Kim, 美国弗吉尼亚州布莱克斯堡 24061，弗吉尼亚理工大学地理系
Dayoung Kim,美国弗吉尼亚州布莱克斯堡 24061，弗吉尼亚理工大学工程教育系
Brendan David-John，美国弗吉尼亚州布莱克斯堡 24061，弗吉尼亚理工大学工程教育系
22
Crossing administrative boundaries: Using internet development to improve borrowing size
跨越行政边界：利用互联网发展改善城市借贷规模
【摘要】
Borrowing size plays a crucial role in promoting urban economic development. In theory, administrative boundaries pose obstacles to borrowing size due to the border effect. However, internet development mitigates the adverse impact of administrative boundaries on borrowing size due to the cross-border effect. To verify the above argument, this paper empirically tests the impact of administrative boundaries and internet development on borrowing size based on the panel data of 214 cities in 14 urban agglomerations in China from 2008 to 2019. The results confirm that the internet development has indeed produced a cross-border effect. The mechanism analysis indicates that specialized division and cost saving are mechanisms of the cross-border effect. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the cross-border effect of internet development fosters the borrowing size for developing business and technological functions, while not significantly influencing cultural functions.
【摘要翻译】
借款规模在促进城市经济发展中起着至关重要的作用。从理论上讲，行政边界由于边界效应而对借款规模构成障碍。然而，互联网的发展通过跨境效应减轻了行政边界对借款规模的不利影响。为了验证这一论点，本文基于2008年至2019年间中国14个城市群214个城市的面板数据，实证检验了行政边界和互联网发展对借款规模的影响。结果证实，互联网发展确实产生了跨境效应。机制分析表明，专业化分工和成本节约是跨境效应的机制。异质性分析显示，互联网发展的跨境效应促进了借款规模在发展商业和技术功能方面的增长，而对文化功能的影响并不显著。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105362
【作者信息】
Tongbin Yang，江苏大学管理学院，中国镇江 212013
23
Does the digital economy catalyze the emergence of urban shrinkage? — Empirical evidence from Chinese prefecture-level cities
数字经济会催生城市收缩吗？——来自中国地级市的实证证据
【摘要】
Globalization has led to the polarization of world cities and the increasing prevalence of urban shrinkage, posing a worldwide socio-economic development challenge. As an economic form brought about by information science and informatization, whether the digital economy (DE) impacts urban shrinkage and its internal transmission mechanisms are scientific questions worthy of further investigation. Therefore, this study empirically analyzes 287 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2021 using fixed effect and mediation models. The results show an upward trend in the development level of DE, with a spatial pattern of “high in the east and low in the west”; urban shrinkage exhibits a high-low-high trend from south to north. Additionally, DE significantly accelerates urban shrinkage by catalyzing the loss of population, technology, and capital factors. Finally, there are notable regional heterogeneity and type difference in the impact of DE on urban shrinkage, with a more pronounced effect in non-Northeast regions and central cities. The study highlights that DE enhances resource allocation efficiency, but it exacerbates regional development imbalances, affecting social equity, justice, and residents' well-being. Therefore, it is crucial to utilize the government's “visible hand” to macro-regulate “market failures” and ensure the implementation of people-oriented equalization of basic public services.
【摘要翻译】
全球化导致世界城市的两极分化和城市萎缩的日益普遍，这对全球社会经济发展构成了挑战。作为信息科学和信息化带来的经济形式，数字经济（DE）是否对城市萎缩产生影响以及其内部传导机制是值得进一步研究的科学问题。因此，本研究使用固定效应和中介模型对2011年至2021年间中国287个地级市进行实证分析。结果表明，数字经济的发展水平呈上升趋势，呈现出“东高西低”的空间格局；城市萎缩则从南到北表现出高-低-高的趋势。此外，数字经济显著加速了城市萎缩，通过催化人口、技术和资本要素的流失。最后，数字经济对城市萎缩的影响存在明显的区域异质性和类型差异，在非东北地区和中心城市的影响更为明显。研究强调，数字经济提高了资源配置效率，但加剧了区域发展不平衡，影响了社会公平、公正和居民福祉。因此，利用政府的“有形之手”对“市场失灵”进行宏观调控，确保以人为本的基本公共服务均等化的实施至关重要。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105363
【作者信息】
Zuo Li, 文化与旅游学院，浙江外国语大学，浙江省杭州市 310023，中国
Li Yao, 地理科学学院，西南大学，重庆 400715，中国
Meimei Wang, 地球与环境科学学院，兰州大学，兰州，甘肃省 730000，中国
Guoen Wei, 资源与环境学院，南昌大学，南昌，江西省 330031，中国
Pingjun Sun，地理科学学院，西南大学，重庆 400715，中国
24
The governance of urban regeneration in Lisbon: Drivers of continuity and change
里斯本的城市再生治理：延续与变革的驱动因素
【摘要】
Urban regeneration is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, and a field of public policy with profound impacts on people and places. While the literature acknowledges global and local forces of change, there is a predominant focus on the global – specifically, on globalisation and Europeanisation – with less attention given to the intricate interplay between global and local forces. Drawing on the urban regeneration literature combined with insights from urban governance, this paper scrutinises four decades of urban regeneration in Lisbon through a systematic examination of policy documents and interviews with policymakers, planners and other civil servants. This examination of the governance of urban regeneration in Lisbon reveals, first, some of the key factors influencing change and continuity between the distinct urban governance policy phases. Second, our findings underscore the influence of local planners in the face of global forces. Situated at the “coalface” of decision-making and implementation, these individuals played an active role in shaping the direction and pace of change of urban regeneration policy. Thirdly, our findings also indicate the limitations of local planners in withstanding global forces of change. Through a comprehensive longitudinal analysis, we aim to contribute to the existing literature on urban regeneration governance by delving into the drivers, trajectories, and pace of change, as well as the dynamics surrounding resistance against change.
【摘要翻译】
城市更新是一个复杂且多方面的现象，也是一个对人们和地方产生深远影响的公共政策领域。尽管文献承认全球和地方的变革力量，但主要关注全球层面，尤其是全球化和欧洲化，而较少关注全球和地方力量之间的复杂互动。本文结合城市更新文献和城市治理的见解，通过系统审查政策文件以及对政策制定者、规划师和其他公务员的访谈，探讨了里斯本四十年的城市更新。对里斯本城市更新治理的分析首先揭示了影响不同城市治理政策阶段变化与延续的一些关键因素。其次，研究结果强调了当地规划师在全球力量面前的影响力。这些身处决策和执行一线的个人在城市更新政策的方向和节奏变化中发挥了积极作用。第三，研究结果还表明，当地规划师在应对全球变革力量时的局限性。通过全面的纵向分析，我们旨在通过探讨变化的驱动因素、轨迹和节奏，以及抵制变革的动态，为现有的城市更新治理文献作出贡献。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105324
【作者信息】
Rosa Branco, CICS.NOVA - 社会科学跨学科中心，社会与人文科学学院 - NOVA FCSH，阿尔马达内格雷罗斯学院，坎波利德校区，里斯本，葡萄牙
Patricia Canelas, 牛津大学继续教育部，英国牛津
Sónia Alves，里斯本大学社会科学学院，阿尼巴尔·德·贝滕库尔特教授大道9号，1600-189 里斯本，葡萄牙；奥尔堡大学建筑环境系，BUILD，A.C. Meyers Vænge 15号，2450 哥本哈根，丹麦
25
Co-production, co-creation or co-design of public space? A systematic review
公共空间的共生产、共创或共同设计？系统回顾
【摘要】
Public space is increasingly provided and managed by a variety of actors. In order to describe this phenomenon, several concepts have been used, such as co-production, co-creation and co-design. This paper reviews the existing literature on public space and reveals that these concepts are defined similarly and used interchangeably. Based on a systematic literature review, and aided by bibliometric analysis, the paper attempts to establish transparency regarding current understanding and use of the concepts. By discussing the differences, the paper aims to reduce the ambiguity and increase the clarity of the concepts. The paper concludes by suggesting in which case it would be more appropriate to use which concept.
【摘要翻译】
公共空间日益由多方主体提供和管理。为了描述这一现象，已经使用了诸如共同生产、共同创造和共同设计等多个概念。本文回顾了现有的公共空间文献，揭示了这些概念的定义相似，并常被互换使用。基于系统的文献回顾，并借助文献计量分析，本文尝试在当前对这些概念的理解和使用上提供更透明的解释。通过讨论它们之间的差异，本文旨在减少模糊性并提高概念的清晰度。最后，本文建议在何种情况下更适合使用哪个概念。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105372
【作者信息】
Dahae Lee, 多特蒙德工业大学空间规划学院，奥古斯特·施密特大街6号，D-44227 多特蒙德，德国
Patricia Feiertag, 多特蒙德工业大学空间规划学院，奥古斯特·施密特大街6号，D-44227 多特蒙德，德国
Lena Unger，多特蒙德工业大学空间规划学院，奥古斯特·施密特大街6号，D-44227 多特蒙德，德国
26
More than walls: Fear of crime in neighbourhoods with different poverty levels bordering gated communities. The Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica
不仅仅是墙：贫困社区与封闭社区接壤地区对犯罪的恐惧——哥斯达黎加大都会地区
【摘要】
Urbanisation patterns in Central America have rapidly changed from open neighbourhoods to gated communities. Fear of crime is one of the leading motivations for gating; a common assumption is that residents protect themselves from the outside. This research argues that gated communities also affect those living outside their gates in the adjacent neighbourhoods. This qualitative research examines the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica through eight case studies, open neighbourhoods from extreme to zero poverty located next to gated communities. Data were collected through walks, focus groups, in-depth interviews and observations; a comparative structure of the eight case studies was done through thematic analysis. The findings suggest that physical and symbolic barriers exacerbate fear of crime for those outside the gate; non-porous edges affect mainly neighbourhoods in serious, moderate and mild poverty; however, effects of intangible boundaries such as exclusion are more substantial in those in extreme, serious and moderate poverty. This work concludes that local planning policies normalise gating, resulting in disparities in infrastructure and fear of others. Furthermore, gated communities help to fuel the feedback loop of fear of crime, as they might intensify fear towards the outside but receive nurture from it simultaneously.
【摘要翻译】
中美洲的城市化模式已经从开放社区迅速转变为封闭社区。犯罪恐惧是促使社区封闭的主要动机之一，人们普遍认为居民通过封闭保护自己免受外部威胁。本研究认为，封闭社区也会对大门外相邻社区的居民产生影响。这项定性研究通过八个案例研究，探讨了哥斯达黎加大都市区的情况，这些案例研究包括位于封闭社区旁边的从极度贫困到无贫困的开放社区。数据通过实地考察、焦点小组讨论、深度访谈和观察收集，并通过主题分析对八个案例进行了比较研究。研究结果表明，物理和象征性的障碍加剧了大门外居民对犯罪的恐惧；不透水的边界主要影响处于严重、中度和轻度贫困的社区；然而，排斥等无形边界的影响在极度、严重和中度贫困社区中更为显著。研究最终指出，当地规划政策对封闭社区的常态化处理，导致了基础设施不平等和对他人的恐惧。此外，封闭社区助长了犯罪恐惧的反馈循环，它们可能加剧了对外部的恐惧，同时也从中汲取养分。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105331
【作者信息】
Karla Barrantes-Chaves，邮政信箱 11501-2060，圣何塞，哥斯达黎加大学工程学院，测绘工程系，蒙特斯·德·奥卡，圣何塞，哥斯达黎加
27
Revitalizing post-communist urban industrial areas: Divergent narratives in the imagining of copper mine reopening and tourism in a Romanian town
【摘要】
The post-communist period has strongly impacted the former communist Romania's urban industrial areas. Recent debates regarding urban industrial towns in Central and Eastern Europe reveal that their governance has been prone to neglect and that a lack of jobs has led to depopulation, seasonal migration, and a change in local labour skills. Drawing on 20 in-depth interviews with community leaders in Moldova Nouă, Romania, this study presents divergent narratives on the development of the local economy around the reopening of a copper mine and tourism. The findings suggest that, given the town's excellent position on the River Danube and its proximity to the Danube Gorges, tourism is perceived as a long-term solution. However, to date, tourism has not proved to be a major economic engine for the local population but could be of great interest for further local development. On the other hand, although copper mining proved polluting in communist times, some respondents prefer reopening the mines to have better paid jobs.
【摘要翻译】
后共产主义时期对前共产主义罗马尼亚的城市工业区域产生了强烈影响。近期关于中东欧城市工业城镇的讨论揭示了其治理常常受到忽视，缺乏就业机会导致了人口减少、季节性迁移以及地方劳动技能的变化。基于对罗马尼亚摩尔多瓦诺亚社区领导者的20次深度访谈，本研究呈现了围绕铜矿重启和旅游发展的地方经济的不同叙事。研究结果表明，考虑到该镇在多瑙河上的优越位置以及靠近多瑙河峡谷，旅游被视为长期解决方案。然而，到目前为止，旅游并未证明是当地居民的重要经济引擎，但对于进一步的地方发展可能具有很大吸引力。另一方面，尽管在共产主义时期铜矿开采造成了污染，一些受访者仍然更倾向于重启矿山，以获得更高薪的工作。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105379
【作者信息】
Alexandru Dragan, 蒂米什瓦拉大学地理系，罗马尼亚
Remus Creţan, 蒂米什瓦拉大学地理系，罗马尼亚
Ioan Sebastian Jucu, 蒂米什瓦拉大学地理系，罗马尼亚
Adela Alexandra Hrițcu，蒂米什瓦拉大学地理系，罗马尼亚
28
The politics of pro-migrant volunteering: Exploring the role of pro-migrant volunteering in the local migration governance
亲移民志愿服务的政治：探讨亲移民志愿服务在地方移民治理中的作用
【摘要】
This paper focuses on the phenomenon of pro-migrant volunteering in urban areas. Its objective is to contribute to our understanding of this phenomenon, which has recently undergone important reconsiderations. Indeed, scholars in migration studies have long contrasted activists in social and political movements with volunteers: the first were usually celebrated for the challenge posed to the status quo, whereas the latter looked down for engaging in a depoliticized form of civic action. Drawing from two research studies conducted between 2017 and 2022 in the Italian city of Milan, this paper shed light on the current processes of hybridization between pro-migrant volunteering and activism, and on the politicization affecting pro-migrant volunteering. Here, politics include instances of micro-politics, in which our way of thinking, behaving and imagining our society is transformed, even without triggering a revolution. To make this point, I presented a typology of volunteers and shed light on some important functions these actors play in the city of Milan vis-à-vis refugees. Underlining the strong interlinkages between these two ‘words’, I also stress the implications for the existing literature.
【摘要翻译】
本文聚焦于城市地区的支持移民志愿服务现象，旨在增进对这一近年来经历重要重新审视的现象的理解。事实上，移民研究领域的学者长期以来将社会和政治运动中的活动家与志愿者进行了对比：前者通常因挑战现状而受到赞扬，而后者则因参与去政治化的公民行动而被轻视。基于在意大利米兰市于2017年至2022年间进行的两项研究，本论文阐明了支持移民志愿服务与激进主义之间的混合化过程以及影响支持移民志愿服务的政治化现象。在这里，政治包括微政治的实例，在这些实例中，我们的思维、行为和对社会的想象方式发生了转变，即使没有引发革命。为此，我提出了一种志愿者的分类法，并阐明了这些参与者在米兰市对待难民时所扮演的重要角色。强调这两个“领域”之间的紧密联系，我还强调了这对现有文献的影响。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105325
【作者信息】
Maurizio Artero，意大利米兰大学社会与政治科学系
29
How to make our cities more livable? Longitudinal interactions among urban sustainability, business regulatory quality, and city livability
如何让我们的城市更宜居？城市可持续性、商业监管质量与城市宜居性之间的长期互动
【摘要】
Ensuring city livability and urban sustainability is one of the grand societal challenges of the twenty-first century. This study analyzes the longitudinal relationships between the three dimensions of urban sustainability and city livability, while exploring the moderating effect of business regulatory quality. We test those relationships in a sample of 66 European cities from 2007 to 2019. Our findings suggest that while social urban sustainability is a positive and strong direct predictor of high city livability over time, the relationships between economic and environmental urban sustainability with city livability are more complex since they are conditioned by business regulatory quality. Economic and environmental urban sustainability have a stronger positive effect on city livability when there is an effective and supportive regulatory framework for business development that helps translate economic and environmental efforts into dwellers' well-being improvements. On the contrary, when the quality of business regulations is low, the effect of economic urban sustainability is weaker and the effect of environmental urban sustainability on city livability is negative. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the interrelations between urban sustainability, regulations, and city livability that can help guide livability improvements in cities.
【摘要翻译】
确保城市宜居性和城市可持续性是21世纪面临的重大社会挑战之一。本研究分析了城市可持续性的三个维度与城市宜居性之间的长期关系，同时探讨了商业监管质量的调节作用。我们在2007年至2019年间对66个欧洲城市进行了这些关系的测试。研究结果表明，社会城市可持续性是长期内高城市宜居性的积极且强有力的直接预测因素，而经济和环境城市可持续性与城市宜居性之间的关系则更为复杂，因为它们受到商业监管质量的制约。当有一个有效且支持商业发展的监管框架时，经济和环境城市可持续性对城市宜居性产生更强的正面影响，帮助将经济和环境努力转化为居民的福祉改善。相反，当商业监管质量低时，经济城市可持续性的影响较弱，环境城市可持续性对城市宜居性的影响则为负面。因此，本研究为城市可持续性、监管和城市宜居性之间的相互关系提供了新的见解，这些见解可以帮助指导城市宜居性的改善。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105358
【作者信息】
Raquel Antolín-López, 阿尔梅里亚大学，Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, 阿尔梅里亚，西班牙
María del Mar Martínez-Bravo, 阿尔梅里亚大学，Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, 阿尔梅里亚，西班牙
Justo Alberto Ramírez-Franco，阿尔梅里亚大学，Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, 阿尔梅里亚，西班牙
30
Urban typologies and urban sustainability: A comparative and landscape-based study in the city of Valencia
城市类型学与城市可持续性：瓦伦西亚市基于景观的比较研究
【摘要】
The heterogeneous structure of cities generates critical challenges in the definition and implementation of sustainable urban transitions. This difficulty is intensified by an insufficient understanding of how different urban types perform for distinct sustainability dimensions and indicators. In this study, this knowledge gap is investigated in a highly representative Euro-Mediterranean city (Valencia) through: (1) a landscape-based approach leading to the characterization of urban-landscape types via the combination of three geospatial layers, and (2) the assessment of those urban-landscape types with a comprehensive sustainability index deducted from several international, national, and local indices. Results reveal firstly that urban-landscape types can help us identify areas with common morpho-functional patterns that differ from conventional districts or quarters. Secondly, a comparative analysis of these urban-landscape types reveal that they partially display different sustainability profiles and, consequently, might accommodate distinct policies and plans. Thirdly, the incorporation of spatial, metabolic, and mobility dimensions in the proposed index permits addressing transversal issues affecting environmental, social, and economic sustainability. By linking the form and functioning of the city with its sustainability profiles through a landscape-approach, this study is expected to assist planners and policymakers in the design of sustainability transitions adjusted to the specificities of different urban configurations.
【摘要翻译】
城市的异质结构在可持续城市转型的定义和实施上带来了重大挑战。这种困难因对不同城市类型在各可持续性维度和指标上的表现缺乏充分理解而加剧。本研究通过以下两种方法探讨了这一知识空白：第一，采用基于景观的方法，通过结合三个地理空间层次来特征化城市-景观类型；第二，对这些城市-景观类型进行综合可持续性指数的评估，该指数是从多个国际、国家和地方指标中推导而来的。结果显示，首先，城市-景观类型有助于识别具有共同形态功能模式的区域，这些区域与传统的街区或社区不同。其次，对这些城市-景观类型的比较分析表明，它们在可持续性特征上部分展现出不同的配置，因此可能需要采取不同的政策和规划。第三，所提出的指数中空间、代谢和流动性维度的纳入，可以解决影响环境、社会和经济可持续性的跨领域问题。通过将城市的形态与功能与其可持续性特征联系起来，本研究预计将帮助规划者和决策者设计出适应不同城市配置特性的可持续转型方案。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105344
【作者信息】
Juanjo Galan，瓦伦西亚理工大学建筑学院城市规划系，Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 瓦伦西亚，西班牙
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