论文概览 |《Urban Analytics and City Science》2023.09 Vol.50 Issue.7

文摘   2024-11-19 12:02   上海  

本次给大家整理的是《Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science》杂志2023年9月第50卷第7期的论文的题目和摘要,一共包括23篇SCI论文!

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1


The boundary problem

边界问题


【摘要】

A basic canon of the systems approach applicable to any field is the notion that a system is separable and distinct from its wider environment. In short, to formally study such a system, it must have a well-defined boundary beyond which it has no substantial impact on its wider context, while its wider context is usually composed of similar systems which have minimal impact on the system in question. The implication is that the environment defined by its boundary ‘excludes’ any significant actions or interactions essential for the functioning of the system itself. This is, in some respects, equivalent to the notion that we are defining a closed system which we can study in isolation from any extraneous or exogenous factors that might affect its operation. It is the definition used by Karl Popper (1959) to justify the use of the classical scientific method as fashioned in experimental science where the laboratory must be closed from the outside environment for robust theories to be tested and validated. In the case of cities, historically or at least from the middle of the last century, such boundaries are typically defined to minimise the overall interactions between the system and its environment. The implication is that insofar as there are many distinct systems, to minimise the interactions between one another, they are often arranged as a hierarchy. To minimise the exchange of energies between the system and all the systems within its environment, a good working definition of a system is that it contains the most significant interactions within the system itself (Simon, 1969). This question of course turns on what is regarded as ‘significant’.


【摘要翻译】

适用于任何领域的系统方法的基本准则就是这样一个概念,即一个系统是可分离的,并且与它的更广泛的环境是不同的。简而言之,要正式研究这样一个系统,它必须有一个明确的边界,超出这个边界,它对更广泛的上下文没有实质性的影响,而它的更广泛的上下文通常由类似的系统组成,这些系统对所研究系统的相互作用最小。这意味着由其边界界定的环境“排除了”对系统本身的功能至关重要的任何重大行动或互动。在某些方面,这与我们所定义的封闭系统的概念是等同的,我们可以将其与可能影响其运作的任何外来因素隔离开来,进行独立研究。卡尔·波普尔(KarlPopper)正是采用这种定义来证明经典科学方法的使用是实验科学中必须关闭实验室进行测试和验证的封闭系统。在城市中,从历史上看或至少从上个世纪中叶开始,这样的边界通常被定义为最大限度地减少系统与其环境之间的整体相互作用。这意味着既然有许多不同的系统,为了减少彼此之间的相互作用,它们通常被安排成一个层次结构。为了减少系统与其环境中的所有系统之间的能量交换,一个良好的工作定义的系统是它包含系统内部最重要的相互作用(西蒙,1969)。当然,这个问题取决于什么是“重要的”。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231202903


【作者信息】

迈克尔·巴提,英国伦敦大学学院。

2

Sustainability and urban climate: How Metaverse can influence urban planning?

可持续性与城市气候:元宇宙如何影响城市规划?


【摘要】

Metaverse is a unique space in a virtual world that with many capabilities and features shows us a world in which we can experience life in all its dimensions. The presence of Metaverse in the global arena and the use of the facilities of this technology are effective in improving living conditions in developing cities. In this study, two sample projects that Metaverse can support are presented in India and Ghana. The remarkable thing is its innovative method that can solve many problems in the cities of the world. One of the most important challenges in the world today is saving cities from climate change and its adverse effects. Metaverse is one of the innovative methods to reduce the effects of greenhouse gas emissions in the cities of the world. The question is whether Metaverse can influence the urban planning of many cities in the world and change urban planning in the world internationally? And can Metaverse challenge the theoretical foundations in the city? The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of the Metaverse on the city level. This study aims to introduce a new way to solve the problems of today and the future of world cities by examining Upland and its effects on urban sustainability and ways to prevent climate change. In this context, Metaverse technology has been used as a new solution to provide jobs, reduce poverty, increase public health, prevent climate change and, as a result, realize a better life for future generations. The results of this study, due to being cross-border and creating a global perspective on the Metaverse in urban planning, can create a new scientific perspective based on technological advances in urban studies.


【摘要翻译】

元宇宙是在虚拟世界中一个具有许多功能和特点的独特空间,它向我们展示了一个我们可以全方位体验生活的世界。元宇宙在全球舞台的存在以及使用这项技术的设施,对于改善发展中国家的生活条件是有效的。在这项研究中,介绍了元宇宙可以支持的两个样板项目,分别位于印度和加纳。其创新性的方法可以解决世界上许多城市的许多问题。当今世界上最重要的挑战之一是拯救城市免受气候变化及其不利影响。元宇宙是减少世界城市温室气体排放影响的一种创新方法。问题是元宇宙是否可以对许多世界城市的城市规划产生影响,并在国际上改变城市规划?元宇宙是否可以对城市理论产生挑战?本研究的目的在于阐明元宇宙对城市层面的影响。本研究旨在通过考察元宇宙及其对城市可持续性和防止气候变化的方式的影响,介绍一种解决当今和未来世界城市问题的新途径。在此背景下,元宇宙技术被用作一种新的解决方案,提供就业机会、减少贫困、改善公共卫生、防止气候变化,最终为后代创造更美好的生活。由于这项研究具有跨国界性并创建了关于元宇宙在城市规划中的全球视角,其结果可以基于城市研究中的技术进步创建一种新的科学视角。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231181596


【作者信息】

Ehsan Dorostkar拥有里海大学城市规划专业的博士学位,也是城市规划工作组的主管。他的研究兴趣包括城市人流分析、城市和社会媒体分析。他的研究中,创新和创造力占据了重要地位。他是伊朗城市规划领域最顶尖的研究人员之一,并多次获得书籍和文章类的奖项。

Mahsa Najarsadeghi拥有德黑兰科学与技术研究大学城市规划专业的博士学位,她的研究兴趣是研究城市空间和人流,确定它们之间的关系,并调查社交媒体在城市中的作用。她的研究中创新占据了重要地位,她特别关注那些尚未被发现的研究课题。


3

Sustainability and urban climate: How Metaverse can influence urban planning?

可持续性与城市气候:元宇宙如何影响城市规划?


【摘要】

Metaverse is a unique space in a virtual world that with many capabilities and features shows us a world in which we can experience life in all its dimensions. The presence of Metaverse in the global arena and the use of the facilities of this technology are effective in improving living conditions in developing cities. In this study, two sample projects that Metaverse can support are presented in India and Ghana. The remarkable thing is its innovative method that can solve many problems in the cities of the world. One of the most important challenges in the world today is saving cities from climate change and its adverse effects. Metaverse is one of the innovative methods to reduce the effects of greenhouse gas emissions in the cities of the world. The question is whether Metaverse can influence the urban planning of many cities in the world and change urban planning in the world internationally? And can Metaverse challenge the theoretical foundations in the city? The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of the Metaverse on the city level. This study aims to introduce a new way to solve the problems of today and the future of world cities by examining Upland and its effects on urban sustainability and ways to prevent climate change. In this context, Metaverse technology has been used as a new solution to provide jobs, reduce poverty, increase public health, prevent climate change and, as a result, realize a better life for future generations. The results of this study, due to being cross-border and creating a global perspective on the Metaverse in urban planning, can create a new scientific perspective based on technological advances in urban studies.


【摘要翻译】

元宇宙是在虚拟世界中一个具有许多功能和特点的独特空间,它向我们展示了一个我们可以全方位体验生活的世界。元宇宙在全球舞台的存在以及使用这项技术的设施,对于改善发展中国家的生活条件是有效的。在这项研究中,介绍了元宇宙可以支持的两个样板项目,分别位于印度和加纳。其创新性的方法可以解决世界上许多城市的许多问题。当今世界上最重要的挑战之一是拯救城市免受气候变化及其不利影响。元宇宙是减少世界城市温室气体排放影响的一种创新方法。问题是元宇宙是否可以对许多世界城市的城市规划产生影响,并在国际上改变城市规划?元宇宙是否可以对城市理论产生挑战?本研究的目的在于阐明元宇宙对城市层面的影响。本研究旨在通过考察元宇宙及其对城市可持续性和防止气候变化的方式的影响,介绍一种解决当今和未来世界城市问题的新途径。在此背景下,元宇宙技术被用作一种新的解决方案,提供就业机会、减少贫困、改善公共卫生、防止气候变化,最终为后代创造更美好的生活。由于这项研究具有跨国界性并创建了关于元宇宙在城市规划中的全球视角,其结果可以基于城市研究中的技术进步创建一种新的科学视角。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231181596


【作者信息】

Ehsan Dorostkar拥有里海大学城市规划专业的博士学位,也是城市规划工作组的主管。他的研究兴趣包括城市人流分析、城市和社会媒体分析。他的研究中,创新和创造力占据了重要地位。他是伊朗城市规划领域最顶尖的研究人员之一,并多次获得书籍和文章类的奖项。

Mahsa Najarsadeghi拥有德黑兰科学与技术研究大学城市规划专业的博士学位,她的研究兴趣是研究城市空间和人流,确定它们之间的关系,并调查社交媒体在城市中的作用。她的研究中创新占据了重要地位,她特别关注那些尚未被发现的研究课题。


4

Analysing the consequences of progressive Urban Spatial cycles to evaluate urban land use policy

分析城市空间周期的渐进式演变所带来的后果,以评估城市土地利用政策


【摘要】

Urban expansion patterns have always evolved with various successive Urban Spatial Cycles (USCs). Both densification and dispersion strategies have shown limited success in optimizing local benefits such as affordable housing, access to amenities, a good environment, and low-cost transport in the cities of developing countries. However, in such countries, a systematic assessment of USCs and strategic utilization of the analyses, are not usually part of the land use policy-making process. The outcomes of the policy decisions are therefore less than optimal. This paper aims to explore the impact of progressive USCs on housing price, travel time, fuel consumption and environment. Based on geospatial data, this study examines the progress of USCs in Ahmedabad city. Landscape matrices and local perceptions are used to quantify the consequences of USCs using the Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Ahmedabad’s case study shows that the densification cycle is firmly active in the inner suburb and is closely associated with housing price inflation as well as the increase in travel time and fuel consumption. The cycles of fragmentation and sprawl in the outer suburban area are consistent with environmental degradation and travel frequency. Findings suggest that USCs-based policy assessment can be a useful tool to trade-off the cost and benefit of urban expansion.


【摘要翻译】

城市扩张模式总是随着各种相继的城市空间周期(USC)而演变。在发展中国家的城市中,无论是密集化还是分散化战略在优化当地利益(如负担得起的住房、获得便利设施、良好的环境以及低成本的交通)方面都显示出有限的成功。然而,在发展中国家,对USC的系统评估和战略利用通常不是土地利用决策过程的一部分。因此,政策决定的后果往往是不理想的。本文旨在探讨渐进式USC对房价、通勤时间、燃料消耗和环境的影响。基于地理空间数据,本研究考察了艾哈迈达巴德市的USC进展情况。景观矩阵和当地人的看法被用来使用广义加性模型(GAM)来量化USC的后果。艾哈迈达巴德的案例研究表明,在市中心郊区,密集化周期活动非常活跃,与房价上涨、通勤时间和燃料消耗增加密切相关。郊区碎片化和蔓延的周期与环境退化和出行频率是一致的。结果表明,基于USC的政策评估可以成为权衡城市扩张的成本和收益的有用工具。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221140884


【作者信息】

BiswajitMondal从贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁大学获得了博士学位。他的兴趣领域包括城市环境、土地利用管理和位置智能,特别是他专长于地理模拟和空间建模,并非常感兴趣于使用地理计算技术和实时数据来探索城市问题。他在地理分析领域有超过四年的工作经验。

7

Who can walk? An analysis of public amenity access in America’s ten largest cities

谁可以走路?对美国十大城市公共设施使用情况的解析


【摘要】

How uneven is the proximity to public amenities like libraries and schools among racial groups, or children and older people? This paper uses a catchment area approach to evaluate walkable proximity to four common public amenities (parks, libraries, schools, and transit stops), looking at four racial categories and a set of variables that one might reasonably expect proximity to be related to (e.g., population density). For each of the 10 largest US cities examined, location quotients for each amenity (libraries, parks, schools, and transit stops) were calculated at three distances (0.25 miles, 0.5 miles, and 1 mile). Across all amenities, the racial group whose LQ had the greatest increase when comparing net median change between distance bands (i.e., between .25 miles and 1 mile) was Black Americans. There were large differences between the location quotient means and medians in non-White racial groups for each amenity, indicating a large amount of skew. In most cities and with most amenities, the difference between mean and median was considerably smaller in White populations, indicating a more normal curve and fewer outliers. Proximity, in other words, seems to be more homogenous in White populations. The LQs were also significantly higher in White populations across cities. Further, in all cities except Los Angeles, Asian populations were generally the most under-represented group for each catchment area around each amenity. The fact that non-White residents predominantly had lower LQs and therefore lower access (with some exceptions, for example, in the case of schools) is a generalized and problematic finding that adds to the body of evidence documenting the spatial injustices that American cities continue to manifest.


【摘要翻译】

不同种族群体之间,或者儿童和老年人之间,公共设施(如图书馆和学校)的接近程度有多不均等?本文采用集水区方法评估四种常见公共设施(公园、图书馆、学校和公交车站)的可步行接近程度,考虑了四种种族类别以及一些可以合理预期接近程度与之相关的变量(如人口密度)。对于所研究的美国十大城市中的每一个,每种公共设施(图书馆、公园、学校和公交车站)的地点商(LQ)在三种距离(0.25英里、0.5英里和1英里)上进行了计算。在所有设施中,当比较距离区间(即0.25英里到1英里)之间的净中位数变化时,其LQ增加最大的种族群体是美国黑人。对于每种公共设施,非白人种族群体的平均值和中间值之间的差异很大,表明分布严重偏斜。在大多数城市和大多数设施中,白人人口之间的平均值和中间值的差异要小得多,表明分布更正常,没有异常值。换句话说,白人人口似乎更具有均质性。除了洛杉矶之外,在其他所有城市中,亚洲人口通常都是每个公共设施周围最代表性不足的群体。非白人居民的较低的LQ值以及因此而较低的可达性(有些例外情况是学校),是一个普遍存在的问题,也是一份记录美国城市持续表现出空间不公正的证据文献中的一项重要发现。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221142866


【作者信息

Emily Talen是芝加哥大学城市学教授,她负责城市学实验室的工作,这是研究人造环境的社会影响的一个重点部门。Talen博士毕业于加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校,获得博士学位。


8

Fractured smart cities: Missing links in India’s smart city mission

断裂的智慧城市:印度智慧城市使命中的缺失环节


【摘要】

The postscripts of smart cities have been written before its prelude. Inserting smart technologies in infrastructure to improve urban environments, smart cities emphasize data-driven approaches and evidence-based planning. While it asks for production of new vocabularies, new ways of thinking, and proposes new methodologies, smart cities have trivialized baseline surveys. The insignificance to baseline survey hides the existing and functioning cities and leads to appropriation of “smart in the box” technologies. The omission of baseline survey fails to revamp planning and governance techniques as well as management and delivery of urban services. India’s Smart City Mission runs through a similar fate. Despite changes in vision and approach towards urban improvement, Smart City Mission suffers from methodological apathy and produces fractured smart cities. In doing so, the paper explores how the idea of normative smart city shrouds urban complexities and heterogeneities and proposes solutions without comprehending the functional and existing cities. Drawing on cases of urban water and solid waste management in Smart City Dharamshala, this paper discusses how fissures in normative and functional smart cities are continually produced through broken, incomplete, and erroneous data that, ultimately, fails in creating robust and resilient cities.


【摘要翻译】

智能城市的后置词已经写在了其前置词之前。在基础设施中插入智能技术以改善城市环境,智能城市强调数据驱动的方法和基于证据的规划。这需要产生新的词汇,新的思维方式,并提出新的方法,但智能城市轻视了基线调查的重要性。对基线调查的轻视掩盖了现有的和正在运作的城市,导致“智能盒子”技术的挪用。基线调查的缺失未能改革规划和管理技术以及城市服务的提供和管理。印度的智能城市任务也面临类似的命运。尽管对城市改善的愿景和方式有所改变,智能城市任务仍然受到方法上的冷漠,并产生了支离破碎的智能城市。在本文中,我们探索了规范性智能城市的理念如何掩盖了城市的复杂性和异质性,并提出了一些解决方案,但没有理解现有的城市功能。本文以智能城市达兰萨拉为例,讨论了规范性和功能性的智能城市之间的裂痕是如何通过破碎、不完整和错误的数据不断产生的,最终未能创造强健和有弹性的城市。智能城市的建设需要从实际出发,从实际出发,从实际出发。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221144321


【作者信息】

乌塔姆·辛格是印度喜马偕尔邦印度技术学院曼迪人文和社会科学学院的博士研究生。他的研究兴趣在于城市转型、非正规性、种姓和族裔网络以及国家实践等领域。

苏里亚·普拉卡什·乌帕迪耶是印度喜马偕尔邦印度技术学院曼迪人文和社会科学学院助理教授。他的研究兴趣在于宗教社会学、城市研究和后自由化等领域。


9


Identifying relevant volunteered geographic information about adverse weather events in Trondheim using the CitizenSensing participatory system

使用公民感知参与系统识别特隆赫姆市有关恶劣天气事件的相关的志愿地理信息


【摘要】

The study set out to investigate how the experience of creating a map-based participatory system might help identify what is needed to support the production of relevant volunteered geographic information (VGI) about urban areas exposed to impacts of adverse weather events in Trondheim, Norway. This article details the systematic approach used to collect VGI, starting from the active engagement of end users during the design and development process of the CitizenSensing participatory system, through using the system in two VGI campaigns, up to the examination of the collected data. Although the VGI examination identified exposed areas in Trondheim, for instance, those that are likely to accumulate surface water from heavy rains or meltwater, the experience gained from the use of the CitizenSensing system helped to identify some critical points regarding the production of relevant VGI. Potential practical implications justify the need for VGI. For instance, in the case of Trondheim, relevant VGI may result in better planned municipal interventions regarding city infrastructure for pedestrians, cyclists and drivers, increased public awareness and access to local knowledge about areas exposed to inundation. The study also confirmed the need for adequate system components for VGI vetting and exploration in the post-collection stage to obtain a comprehensive insight into collected VGI.


【摘要翻译】

本研究旨在探讨创建基于地图的参与式系统过程中的经验如何有助于确定支持生产关于挪威特隆赫姆暴露于恶劣天气事件影响的相关志愿地理信息的需求。本文详细介绍了用于收集地理信息的有系统的办法,从公民感知参与式系统设计和发展过程中最终用户的积极参与开始,通过在两个地理信息运动中使用该系统,到检查收集的数据为止。虽然通过地理信息检查确定了特隆赫姆的暴露区域,例如可能积水的地区,如暴雨或融雪积水地区,但使用公民感知系统所获得的经验有助于确定与生产相关地理信息的一些关键点。潜在的实际影响表明了地理信息的需求。例如,在特隆赫姆的情况下,相关地理信息可能导致针对行人、骑车人和驾驶员的城市基础设施做出更周密的计划,提高公众对暴露于水淹地区的认识和获取当地知识,因此相关地理信息可能产生积极影响。该研究还证实了在收集后的阶段对地理信息审查和探索的适当系统组件的需求,以便对收集的地理信息有全面的了解。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221136557


【作者信息】

托马斯·奥帕克是挪威科技大学地理系的研究员,他的研究重点是多维数据的地理可视化、基于地图的决策支持系统以及可视化技术的效率。

简·基尔·罗德是挪威科技大学地理系地理信息科学教授,他的研究重点在于气候变化适应地理学、地理公民科学和地理可视化。

卡洛·纳瓦拉是林雪平大学主题研究系-环境变化与气候科学政策研究中心的研究工程师,他的研究兴趣包括信息与地理可视化,以及视觉分析。

蒂娜-西米妮·内塞特是瑞典林雪平大学气候科学和政策研究中心的高级研究员和主任,她对环境变化、气候脆弱性和适应性的研究方法侧重于交互式可视化、参与式过程和公民科学。

朱莉·威尔克以前是林雪平大学主题研究系环境变化的研究员,她的研究重点在于水管理、参与式过程以及评估数字工具以增强社区管理和赋权。

萨拉·桑托斯·克鲁兹是波尔图大学工程系助理教授和领土、交通与环境研究中心高级研究员。她的主要研究兴趣在于城市设计、发展和管理,特别是对城市空间和塑造它的过程、公共空间的社会和心理意义、意义和价值、城市变化的机构、城市变化对社区(某些弱势群体)和对环境的影响的研究。

阿尔玛尔·约林格是荷兰Deltares公司的开发者。


10


Study on the hotspots of urban tourism spaces based on Instagram-Worthy locations data: Taking Beijing as an example

基于Instagram-Worthy位置数据的城市旅游空间热点研究——以北京为例


【摘要】

As the mobile Internet emerges, numerous Instagram-worthy locations gradually constitute new spaces of urban tourism. For instance, the Xiaohongshu application, a community with shared content, has increasingly become a platform for people to share well-known tourist attractions, providing a new perspective for the study of the popularity of tourism spaces. On the basis of data of ticking off Instagram-worthy locations from the Xiaohongshu application, the present study aims to identify tourism hotspots in Beijing, analyze their spatial characteristics, and explore their evolution features from two dimensions of time and space. In addition, the emotional images of tourism hotspots in Beijing are interpreted by semantic analysis with an internal mechanism that influences those locations explored. The results of the study show that (1) the overall spatial structure of tourism hotspots in Beijing is C-shaped, which expands from the core area to the periphery with the feature of a circle layer. (2) under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the spatial distribution center of tourism hotspots in Beijing is gradually shifting to the Southeast with the tendency of expanding to the surrounding suburbs. (3) the reception and serviceability of the tourist attractions have a significant influence on the popularity of tourism hotspots. To date, less research has been focused on the data of ticking off emerging Instagram-worthy locations like the Xiaohongshu application, and there is a dearth of the study related to in-depth excavation of the internal influencing mechanism of their popularity. This paper, therefore, under the interaction of virtual and reality, provides new ideas and methods for studying the popularity of urban tourist attractions.


【摘要翻译】

随着移动互联网的兴起,众多值得instagram关注的地点逐渐构成了城市旅游的新空间。例如,内容共享社区“小红书”日益成为人们分享知名旅游景点的平台,为研究旅游空间的热度提供了新的视角。本研究基于小红书应用程序中勾选instagram值得关注地点的数据,旨在识别北京旅游热点,分析其空间特征,并从时间和空间两个维度探索其演变特征。此外,本文还通过语义分析对北京旅游热点的情感意象进行了解读,揭示了影响旅游热点的内在机制。研究结果表明:(1)北京旅游热点区域整体空间结构呈“c”型,由核心区向外围扩展,呈环状层状;(2)受新冠肺炎疫情影响,北京市旅游热点空间分布中心逐渐向东南方向转移,并有向周边郊区扩展的趋势。(3)旅游景点的接待和服务能力对旅游热点的受欢迎程度有显著影响。迄今为止,针对小红书应用等新兴instagram热门地点的勾出数据的研究较少,深入挖掘其受欢迎程度的内在影响机制的研究也较少。因此,本文在虚拟与现实的交互作用下,为研究城市旅游景点的人气提供了新的思路和方法。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221146542


【作者信息】

Lai Fan,(1990-),女,北京建筑大学博士研究生。研究领域为城市设计

11


Evaluating building color harmoniousness in a historic district intelligently: An algorithm-driven approach using street-view images

智能评估历史街区建筑色彩的和谐性:一种使用街景图像的算法驱动方法


【摘要】

Building color and harmoniousness have been regarded as critical issues in planning historic districts. Harmoniousness of building façade colors (HBFC) is an indicator to evaluate the quality of the built environment, which can be perceived but is difficult to measure quantitatively. In addition, alleviating the impact of shadows in street-view images (SVIs) to assess building façade color is another research gap that is difficult to address. This paper proposes an efficient approach for evaluating HBFC on a large-scale using SVIs and a deep learning algorithm. Specifically, a shadow processing method was developed, and transfer learning was integrated into the harmoniousness evaluation process. The historical district of Guangzhou, China, was selected as a case study area. This study contributes to the development of human-centered planning and design by providing continuous measurements of “unmeasurable”quality across large-scale areas. Meanwhile, insights into building façade color and its harmoniousness can assist with accurate design guidance, which is important for historic districts.


【摘要翻译】

建筑色彩与和谐一直是历史街区规划的关键问题。建筑立面色彩和谐度是评价建筑环境质量的一项可感知但难以定量测量的指标。此外,减轻街景图像(SVIs)中阴影的影响以评估建筑立面颜色是另一个难以解决的研究空白。本文提出了一种基于svi和深度学习算法的大规模HBFC评估方法。具体而言,开发了一种阴影处理方法,并将迁移学习融入和谐评价过程。中国广州的历史街区被选为案例研究区域。该研究通过提供大规模区域“不可测量”质量的连续测量,有助于以人为本的规划和设计的发展。同时,对建筑立面色彩及其和谐性的洞察有助于准确的设计指导,这对历史街区来说是非常重要的。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221146539


【作者信息】

Teng Zhong,南京师范大学地理学院地理信息科学系助理教授。毕业于香港大学,获博士学位,先后在香港大学和南京师范大学担任博士后研究员。主要研究方向为地理空间智能和大数据驱动下的智慧城市定量分析

12


A spatiotemporal disparity of transit and automobile access gap and its impact on transit use

交通可达性与机动性时空差异及其对公交出行的影响


【摘要】

This research empirically evaluates the access gap between transit and automobile to examine the extent of auto-access-orientation within and between the 50 American Metropolitan Areas. The Modal Access Gap (MAG) index is calculated over space and travel time to test three hypotheses: (1) MAG is a function of space and travel time, (2) MAG is CBD-centric, and (3) MAG is associated with transit use. Results indicate that (1) MAG merely possesses negative values ranging between −0.98 and −0.79, regardless of the travel-time thresholds or metropolitan areas, and the travel time lag between transit and automobile ranges from 35 minutes in New York to 51 minutes in Riverside for a 60-minute commute, (2) MAG decreases as one moves away from the central area, and (3) a 1% increase in MAG increases transit use by 1.37% on average.


【摘要翻译】

本研究对交通方式与汽车之间的接入差距进行了实证评估,以考察美国50个大都市区内部和之间的汽车接入取向程度。计算了模式接入差距(MAG)指数,通过空间和通勤时间来检验三个假设:(1)MAG是空间和通勤时间的函数;(2)MAG以中央商务区(CBD)为中心;(3)MAG与公共交通的使用相关。结果表明:(1)无论通勤时间阈值或大都市区如何,MAG仅具有负值,范围在-0.98至-0.79之间;(2)随着离开中央区域越来越远,MAG逐渐减小;(3)MAG每增加1%,平均而言公共交通使用量就会增加1.37%。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221147527


【作者信息】

法特梅·贾纳塔巴迪是乔治梅森大学交通地理学博士研究生。她拥有土木工程学士学位和铁道轨道工程硕士学位。她将研究重点从铁道扩大到交通工程,对数据分析充满热情,渴望将其应用于复杂的多学科问题。她对评估和评价公共交通系统感兴趣,主要研究内容包括测量交通机会,同时探索和分析使用大型数据集提供有关交通网络的可靠性和恢复力的信息。

萨尼·马哈尔詹博士毕业于密西西比州立大学。她的研究重点是交通可达性和公平性。她的工作探讨了交通系统如何满足低收入社区的人、残疾人、老年人的需求,以及如何将交通可达性作为解决交通不公平问题的有效工具,以及种族、民族、性别、年龄和收入不同的人如何体验可达性。

阿里雷萨·埃尔马贡是乔治梅森大学地理学和地理信息科学系移动观测站和数据分析实验室主任、助理教授。他的研究兴趣包括城市信息学、人类移动、社区恢复力和运输领域的新兴技术。他在审阅过的期刊上发表了55篇以上的文章,编辑了《获取应用》,做了100多场技术专题介绍。他(1)是《发现》的共同创始人并担任其董事会成员,(2)是《适应性发现》的编辑,(3)担任《运输评论》、《运输地理》、《交通与土地利用的运输》和《运输研究记录》的编辑委员会成员,(4)是美国土木工程师协会(ASCE)的成员,(5)是2022年美国土木工程师协会(ASCE)运输与发展研究所理事会主席任命的人员。

13


Spatially disaggregated simulation of interactions between home prices and land-use change

住宅价格与土地利用变化之间相互作用的空间分解模拟


【摘要】

Land-use regulations play a key role on both sides of the real estate market by regulating the supply of housing (e.g., through restrictions on unit density or building height) and by controlling the location and density of places of work, which are the primary drivers of the demand for housing. Developing geospatial models for this interaction between land use and home price on a spatially disaggregated level enables decisionmakers to evaluate the impact of their land-use decisions from the housing affordability perspective. However, existing standalone residential real estate pricing models are insensitive to changes in land use. In addition, the data preparation, calibration, and training of integrated land-use and transportation models is nontrivial too, and still impractical for most municipalities and planning agencies. This paper presents a simple-to-implement framework, SimP-R, for simulating changes in housing prices on a spatially disaggregated level in response to land-use change. It is composed of a residential real estate pricing model and an algorithm for computing a novel measure of supply-to-demand ratio. This paper then demonstrates the implementation of SimP-R in the city of San Francisco, with the entire Bay Area serving as the influence geography. Our findings showed our proposed measure of the supply-to-demand ratio is a strong predictor of and inversely related to housing prices. Simulation experimentation results highlighted SimP-R’s ability to capture the effect of local land-use changes on housing prices across the metropolitan area.


【摘要翻译】

土地使用规定在房地产市场两侧发挥着关键作用,通过调节住房供应(例如,通过限制单位密度或建筑高度)以及控制工作场所的位置和密度来控制需求,工作场所是住房需求的主要驱动力。在空间分解级别上为土地使用和房价之间的相互作用开发地理空间模型,使决策者能够从住房负担能力的角度评估土地使用决策的影响。然而,现有的独立住宅房地产定价模型对土地使用变化不敏感。此外,土地使用和运输综合模型的准备数据、校准和培训也不容易,对于大多数城市和规划机构来说仍然不切实际。本文介绍了一个易于实施的框架SimP-R,用于模拟土地使用变化对空间分解级别上的住房价格变化的影响。SimP-R由一个住宅房地产定价模型和一个用于计算供应与需求比率的新指标的算法组成。本文随后以旧金山湾区作为影响地理区域,演示了SimP-R的实施情况。结果表明,我们提出的供应与需求比率指标是住房价格的强大预测器,与住房价格呈反比关系。模拟实验结果突显了SimP-R在捕捉当地土地使用变化对整个大都市地区住房价格的影响方面的能力。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221142603


【作者信息】

拉扎·阿明德巴里是一位地理空间和数据科学家,拥有建筑和城市设计背景。他领导旧金山规划部门的数据和分析小组。他的工作致力于将地理空间分析、机器学习和统计学的力量融入支持城市设计和规划的软件技术中。他从NC州立大学获得博士学位。他还拥有NC州立大学统计学硕士学位,以及密歇根大学城市设计硕士学位。

帕维尔·巴兰是地理空间分析中心的一名教授和研究员,也是NC州立大学设计学院博士课程的联合教员。她教授地理空间分析、地图设计、研究方法和研究范式的博士和硕士课程。她利用GIS、空间语法和沉浸式虚拟环境,研究自然和人造环境如何促进积极的生活方式、健康、生活质量以及可持续性。她从伊斯坦布尔技术大学获得城市规划博士学位。

罗斯·梅滕梅尔是NC州立大学地理空间分析杰出教授和地理空间分析中心主任。他主持了多项研究基金的主要研究员,包括二十年之久来自美国国家科学基金会的不间断资助。他的项目推动了数据科学家跨学科团队的创建,这些团队正在合作应对重大社会挑战,如控制生物入侵的传播和创建智能和连接的城市。他从北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校获得地理学博士学位。

14


A hybrid modeling approach considering spatial heterogeneity and nonlinearity to discover the transition rules of urban cellular automata models

考虑空间异质性和非线性的城市元胞自动机模型过渡规律的混合建模方法


【摘要】

Urban sprawl is a typical geographic dynamic process with spatial heterogeneity and nonlinearity. However, current studies usually focus on only one of them to extract urban sprawl mechanisms and build cellular automata (CA) models. In the current work, the urban CA transition rules are derived by a geographically weighted artificial neural network (GWANN), which can discover the driving mechanism of urban sprawl by considering both spatial heterogeneity and nonlinearity. Taking the urban sprawl of Wuhan and Beijing during 2000–2020 as examples, the advantages of GWANN in deriving transition rules are investigated by comparing it with logistic regression (LR), geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR), and artificial neural network (ANN). Furthermore, the simulation performance of CA models based on LR, GWLR, ANN, and GWANN is compared and analyzed from the aspects of global and regional simulation accuracy and the morphology of simulated urban patches. The results show that GWANN has better fitting and simulation performance, indicating the validity and necessity of coupling spatial heterogeneity and nonlinearity to establish transition rules. This study is a novel exploration that contributes to deriving CA transition rules through a hybrid modeling approach that couples statistical models with learning models.


【摘要翻译】

城市蔓延是一个典型的具有空间异质性和非线性的地理动态过程。然而,目前的研究往往只关注其中的一种,即提取城市蔓延机制和构建元胞自动机(CA)模型。本文利用地理加权人工神经网络(GWANN)推导了城市扩张的过渡规则,该网络可以综合考虑城市扩张的空间异质性和非线性,从而发现城市扩张的驱动机制。以2000-2020年武汉和北京的城市扩张为例,通过与逻辑回归(LR)、地理加权逻辑回归(GWLR)和人工神经网络(ANN)的比较,探讨了GWANN在推导过渡规律方面的优势。从全局和区域模拟精度以及模拟城市斑块形态等方面,比较分析了基于LR、GWLR、ANN和GWANN的CA模型的模拟性能。结果表明,GWANN具有较好的拟合性能和仿真性能,表明将空间异质性与非线性耦合建立过渡规则的有效性和必要性。本研究是一项新颖的探索,通过将统计模型与学习模型相结合的混合建模方法,有助于推导CA转换规则。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221149018


【作者信息】

Bin Zhang,副教授,现供职于中国地质大学(武汉)公共管理学院。他在武汉大学获得管理学博士学位。主要研究方向为土地利用模型、城市增长模拟和土地利用/覆盖变化。


15


Ethnic segregation on linguistic landscapes

语言景观中的种族隔离


【摘要】

This work presents a novel approach to studying ethnic segregation from the perspective of linguistic landscapes. Numerous street-level images accumulated over the last two decades have enabled the exploration of linguistic landscapes at a larger scale than ever before. Since the prevalence of a specific language in a public space implies the linguistic group inhabiting the area, its careful evaluation can reveal the degree of segregation between linguistically different ethnic groups. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we applied it to the linguistic landscape of Seoul, South Korea. Using a large set of street-level images collected from an online map platform, we measured the levels of segregation between Korean and Chinese signs from 2010 to 2018. The levels of segregation on the street-level images were different to a certain extent from those of residential segregation. While residential segregation gradually increased between 2010 and 2018, except for 2011, more fluctuations were observed in linguistic segregation. This finding is likely because a linguistic landscape is shaped mainly by advertising signs, banners, and billboards in commercial areas, and such commodified urban spaces change more dynamically to attract inhabitants and visitors. These results suggest that the proposed approach can offer an alternative way of understanding the complex socio-demographic phenomenon from a new perspective, as with other emerging data sources in the era of big data.


【摘要翻译】

本研究提出了一种从语言景观角度研究种族隔离的新方法。在过去的二十年中积累的大量街头图像使得对语言景观的探索比以往任何时候都要大。由于特定语言在公共空间的流行意味着居住在该地区的语言群体,因此对其进行仔细的评估可以揭示语言不同的族群之间的隔离程度。为了证明所提出方法的有效性,我们将其应用于韩国首尔的语言景观。使用从在线地图平台收集的大量街道图像,我们测量了2010年至2018年韩中标志之间的隔离程度。街道影像上的种族隔离程度与居住影像上的种族隔离程度存在一定差异。2010年至2018年间,居住隔离逐渐加剧,但除2011年外,语言隔离的波动更大。这一发现可能是因为语言景观主要是由商业区的广告标志、横幅和广告牌塑造的,而这种商品化的城市空间更动态地变化,以吸引居民和游客。这些结果表明,与大数据时代的其他新兴数据源一样,所提出的方法可以提供一种从新的角度理解复杂的社会人口现象的替代方法。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221150240


【作者信息】

Seong-Yun Hong,韩国庆熙大学地理学副教授。他是“开发和实施用于城市分析的GeoAI模型”研究项目的首席研究员,本文是该项目的一部分。他的跨学科研究兴趣是通过结合地理学和社会学的理论和方法,利用计算方法探索城市地区的人口动态。


16


Would people prefer city-center living in the post-COVID era?: Experience, status, and attitudes to social disasters

在后COVID时代,人们是否更喜欢市中心生活?经历、地位和态度对社会灾难的影响


【摘要】

The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant social disaster that radically affected the paradigm of current urbanization and city-center living. Responses to the disaster varied depending on related experiences, individual status, and attitudes. Thus, this research extends the previous literature by examining the effects of experiences related to the COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic status, and how perceptions and attitudes affect preferences for city-center living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea. We use data from PSSRAC (Perception Survey of Seoul metropolitan area Residential Awareness during COVID-19) of 2021. A binary logistic regression method is used to examine significant characteristics that affected the residential preference change due to “Experience,” “Status,” and “Attitude” in the COVID-19 era. The findings showed that respondents’ experience, status, and attitude related to the pandemic could have a complex effect on predictions of preference, for central or suburban living tendencies in the post-COVID-19 era. In terms of “Experience,”people who had bad experiences during the pandemic, for example, poor economic conditions were associated with suburban area living trends. For “Status,” socially and economically vulnerable groups preferred suburban residence due to the steep rise in housing prices in the city center after the pandemic. Finally, for “Attitude,” ‘value of housing for investment” was positively associated with a preference for city-center living in the post-COVID-19 era; respondents with a higher priority for maintaining remote work tended not to change their current residence. This study may provide planners, housing developers, and policymakers with meaningful implications for addressing urban changes in the post-COVID-19 era. Additionally, it is expected that this research’s ESA analysis and results can be used as a valid reference for other global cities.


【摘要翻译】

新冠肺炎疫情是一场重大社会灾难,对当前的城市化模式和城市中心生活模式产生了根本性的影响。针对这场灾难的反应取决于相关经验、个人地位和态度。因此,本研究通过调查与新冠肺炎疫情相关的经验、社会经济地位以及在韩国首尔市周边地区对城市生活的看法和态度如何影响偏好,扩展了以前的文献。我们使用了PSSRAC(COVID-19期间首尔市住宅意识感知调查)的数据,该数据来自2021年。我们使用二元逻辑回归方法来研究哪些显著特征影响了由于“经验”、“地位”和“态度”在COVID-19时代导致的居住偏好变化。结果表明,受访者在COVID-19期间的经验、地位和态度对预测后COVID-19时代对市中心或郊区居住趋势的影响可能具有复杂作用。在“经验”方面,那些在疫情期间经历不佳的人,例如经济条件较差的人,更倾向于选择郊区居住趋势。在“地位”方面,社会和经济弱势群体更倾向于选择郊区居住,因为疫情后市中心的房价飙升。最后,在“态度”方面,“住宅投资价值”与后COVID-19时代对城市中心的偏好呈正相关;那些更倾向于维持远程工作的人往往不会改变他们的当前住所。本研究可以为解决后COVID-19时代的城市变化提供给规划者、住房开发商和政策制定者一些有意义的启示。此外,预计该研究的ESA分析和结果可以作为其他全球城市的可靠参考。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221149424


【作者信息】

金承镐是韩国国土交通部下属的韩国国土与住房公司下属的土地与住房研究院的助理研究员,在租赁住房政策、城市地区发展、住房福利和可负担性方面发挥了重要作用。他在英国伯明翰大学获得了城市与区域研究博士学位,并在首尔进行了关于年轻单身人士城市中心生活的博士研究。他在他的专业工作中对住房和城市生活充满热情。

李在斌是忠南大学(CNU)的助理教授,也是韩国土地与住房研究院的研究员。他在首尔国立大学获得了城市与区域规划博士学位,博士论文的主题是“城市空间布局对交通碳排放的影响”。他的研究领域包括可持续城市规划、国际区域发展以及大数据应用GIS。

17


How to measure large-scale complex urban network structures using night-time light satellite databases. Application to European metropolitan regions

如何使用夜间灯光卫星数据库来测量大规模复杂城市网络结构,并应用于欧洲大都市区域


【摘要】

This article uses new methods and evidence from satellite data on night lighting to assess the urban network structure of 100 European metropolitan regions. Its aim was to develop indicators to test the hypothesis that complex urban networks are more efficient economically and less dependent on energy consumption owing to better information organization. It uses NPP-VIIRS NTL satellite data on night lighting (NTL) and employs a topographical representation of NTL intensities to detect urban centers. Based on the distribution of NTL intensities in urban centers represented as a Lorenz curve, it develops two new indicators of monocentricity and polycentricity to evaluate large-scale urban network structures. The results show that polycentric urban networks create more innovation, which allows them to be more economically efficient and less dependent on energy consumption. Further research should study in greater detail the relationships between urban network structures and their social, economic, and ecological performances.


【摘要翻译】

本文使用卫星夜间照明数据的新方法和证据评估了欧洲100个都会区的城市网络结构。其目的是开发指标来检验复杂城市网络由于更好的信息组织而具有更高的经济效率和更少的能源消耗依赖的假设。它使用国家海洋和大气层管理局(NOAA)的每日夜间照明遥感数据(NTL)并利用NTL强度的地形表示来检测城市中心。基于作为洛伦兹曲线的城市中心NTL强度分布,开发了两个新的单中心度和多中心度指标来评估大规模的城市网络结构。结果表明,多中心城市网络创造了更多的创新,使其更具经济效率和更少依赖能源消耗。进一步的研究应该更详细地研究城市网络结构与其社会、经济和生态绩效之间的关系。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231151689


【作者信息】

Joan Marull,巴塞罗那大学生态学博士,巴塞罗那自治大学(UAB)生态学和区域及大都会研究所(IERMB)生态学和领土学系主任。他的主要研究领域是土地管理和从系统角度进行的城市规划。目前,他的研究集中在社会新陈代谢、生态经济学、景观生态学和领土效率的研究,以及卫星技术在土地利用变化、农业生态转型和气候变化分析中的应用。他的跨学科提案将社会生态过程的研究整合起来,以应对不同时间和空间尺度上的研究和政策问题。

Mercè Farré是巴塞罗那自治大学(UAB)数学系高级讲师,专攻统计和运筹学领域。她在巴塞罗那大学毕业并获得博士学位,第一阶段的研究是在随机过程领域开展的,特别是随机分析。他的兴趣很快转向了数学在生产过程、科学和社会现象建模中的应用,即数学向工业、技术和社会及公民利益领域的转移。他是数学应用和模型研究组(GRAMM,https://grupsderecerca.uab.cat/gramm/)的成员,并负责数学咨询服务处(MCS,http: //www.mcs-uab.com/perfil.html)的各种项目协议,该咨询处是该研究组的商业前沿。

Marta Andreu Espuna拥有巴塞罗那大学地理学学位(2012年),以及巴塞罗那自治大学地理信息技术硕士(2014年)和地质信息官方硕士(2018年)。她将职业方向集中在地理信息系统(GIS)在健康和城市规划中的应用,通过精心制作、利用和分析空间数据库。她作为健康规划咨询顾问参与过使用GIS的国际项目,自2016年7月起在巴塞罗那自治大学区域和都会研究所(IERMB)制图服务部门工作。

Adrià Prior毕业于巴塞罗那自治大学数学系。在资深作者指导下,他参与了联合工作中指标和模型的数据分析和数学讨论。2021年,他发表了一篇数学文章:“因素分析:因素模型解的存在性”。报告@SCM6(2021),第1-9页;DOI: 10.2436/20.2002.02.23.1。电子期刊报告@SCM专门面向学术生涯初期的研究人员。

Vittorio Galletto维托里奥·加莱托是巴塞罗那区域和都市研究所(Institut d’Estudis Regionals i Metropolitans de Barcelona-IERMB)区域和城市经济部门的主管。他在巴塞罗那自治大学(UAB)获得应用经济学博士学位。在加入IERMB之前,他在UAB的应用经济学系担任副教授和研究人员。他还曾在私营部门工作,在咨询公司为地方政府和其他机构开展地方发展项目。目前,他在IERMB的研究重点是包容性城市增长以及地方生产力和竞争力之间的关系。

琼·特鲁莱恩是巴塞罗那自治大学(UAB)应用经济学系的高级讲师。他的主要研究领域包括城市经济学和政策、地方经济发展、大都市战略、工业园区和包容性城市增长。他关于巴塞罗那大都市战略的主要著作包括关于知识城市巴塞罗那、巴塞罗那22@、三角洲计划和当前包容性城市增长战略的研究报告。他曾担任西班牙政府工业部秘书长(2004-2008年)、巴塞罗那区域和都市研究所所长(2009-2015年)、UAB应用经济学系主任以及巴塞罗那国际梅嫩德斯·佩拉约大学(Universitat Internacional Menéndez Pelayo)和巴塞罗那-中心艾斯特伦斯·吕奇(Ernest Lluch)主任。


18


Agglomeration effects as spatially embedded social interactions: identifying urban scaling beyond metropolitan areas

集聚效应作为镶嵌于空间中的社会互动:超越大都市地区识别城市规模效应


【摘要】

Agglomeration is the tell-tale sign of cities and urbanization. Identifying and measuring agglomeration economies has been achieved by a variety of means and by various disciplines, including urban economics, quantitative geography, and regional science. Agglomeration is typically expressed as the non-linear dependence of many different urban quantities on city size, proxied by population. The identification and measurement of agglomeration effects is of course dependent on the choice of spatial units. Metropolitan areas (or their equivalent) have been the preferred spatial units for urban scaling modeling. The many issues surrounding the delineation of metropolitan areas have tended to obscure that urban scaling is principally about the measurable consequences of social and economic interactions embedded in physical space and facilitated by physical proximity and infrastructure. These generative processes obviously must exist in the spatial subcomponents of metropolitan areas. Using data for counties and urbanized areas in the United States, we show that the generative processes that give rise to scaling effects are not an artifact of metropolitan definitions and exist at smaller spatial scales.


【摘要翻译】

集聚是城市和城市化的标志。集聚经济性的识别和度量已经通过各种手段和不同学科得以实现,包括城市经济学、定量地理学和区域科学。集聚通常表现为城市规模上的许多不同城市数量对人口的非线性依赖关系。集聚效应的识别和度量当然取决于空间单元的选择。大都市地区(或其等价物)一直是城市规模模型的首选空间单元。围绕大都市地区的界定存在的许多问题往往掩盖了城市规模主要是关于可测量的社会和经济互动在物质空间中产生的结果,以及由物质上的接近和基础设施所促进的物理上的接近。这些生成过程显然必须存在于大都市地区空间组成部分的子单元中。我们使用美国县和城市地区的资料表明,产生规模效应的生成过程不是大都市定义的一个产物,而是存在于更小的空间尺度中。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221148198


【作者信息】

黛博拉·斯特朗斯基(Deborah Strumsky)接受过区域科学训练,是瑞典延雪平大学商学院(Jönköping International Business School)延雪平大学创业与空间经济学中心的一名教员,她的主要研究重点在于发明和技术变革,对城市地区技术创新的形成特别感兴趣。

路易斯·贝特孔托(Luis Bettencourt)是芝加哥大学(USA)城市创新研究所的创始主任,生态学和进化方面的教授,社会学方面的副研究员。他的研究调查了复杂系统中的基本生物和社会组织及演变过程,重点研究城市环境。

何塞·洛波(José Lobo)是亚利桑那州立大学未来全球学院可持续性学校的一名教员,是一名对支撑城市和城市化进程的基本社会进程感兴趣的城市经济学家。


19


Tabulating and visualizing street-name data in the US and Europe

美国和欧洲街道名称数据的制表和可视化


【摘要】

Street names constitute a rich source of data for quantitative analysis in social sciences. We gather and process street-name data from OpenStreetMap to create an accessible and readily analyzable street names database for the US and a large part of Europe. We also develop a web app to visualize the spatial distribution of street names and download the underlying data from users’ queries. These tools will continue to expand its geographic coverage by including additional countries.


【摘要翻译】

街道名称是社会科学的定量分析的丰富数据来源。我们收集和处理来自OpenStreetMap的街道名称数据,为美国和大部分欧洲创建了一个可访问和易于分析的街道名称数据库,我们也开发了一个网络应用程序,用于可视化街道名称的空间分布和从用户的查询中下载底层数据。这些工具将继续通过包括其他国家来扩大其地理覆盖范围。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231190711


【作者信息】

德米特里奥·卡拉米拉-德克奎是格拉纳达大学(西班牙)应用经济学研究员和博士研究生。他在行政管理和政治科学、公共管理、数据科学等专业持有大学学位。德米特里奥将学术研究与软件开发相结合,为研究团队带来创新的视角。他的研究兴趣在于健康经济学、GIS和行为经济学。

多洛雷斯·古铁雷斯·莫拉是塞维利亚大学(西班牙)高级建筑技术学院的研究员。她将学术研究与职业活动相结合,在建筑比赛中获得了好几个奖项。她的研究兴趣在于城市、GIS、城市文化、艺术等领域。多洛雷斯于塞维利亚大学获得博士学位(2017年),她的作品发表在《环境与规划B》、《ZARCH:建筑跨学科研究期刊》和《REIA-欧洲建筑研究期刊》等杂志上。

丹尼尔·奥托-佩拉利亚斯是Pablo de Olavide大学(西班牙)经济学副教授。他在管理和商业行政以及法律方面持有大学学位,并在经济学和政治学方面进行了研究生学习。丹尼尔的研究主要集中在经济学、地理学和历史学领域。他的作品发表在《欧洲经济学的期刊》和《经济地理学期刊》等杂志上。

20


Local data at a national scale: Introducing a dataset of official municipal websites in the United States for text-based analytics

全国范围内的本地数据:介绍美国官方市政网站的数据集,用于基于文本的分析


【摘要】

Municipal websites serve as central platforms for local governments to share information with the public. They offer authoritative, up-to-date, and free access for researchers to collect city-level data. However, until now, a comprehensive and accurate database of municipal web addresses did not exist. Here, we introduce a complete and manually verified dataset containing information on whether a municipality has an official website and, if so, what its web address is, of all 19,518 municipalities in the United States. With this dataset, researchers can easily conduct systematic searches on municipal official websites for self-defined keywords. The search results are well-suited for text-based analytics. This new data source benefits urban scholars who struggle to access high-quality local data for nationwide studies and contributes to narrowing the data gap.


【摘要翻译】

市政网站是地方政府与公众分享信息的中心平台。它们为研究人员提供权威的、最新的、免费的渠道来收集城市级别的数据。然而,到目前为止,还没有一个全面而准确的城市网址数据库。在这里,我们介绍了一个完整的、人工验证的数据集,其中包含了美国所有19,518个城市的市政当局是否有官方网站,如果有,其网址是什么。有了这个数据集,研究人员可以很容易地在市政官方网站上对自定义的关键词进行系统搜索。搜索结果非常适合基于文本的分析。这种新的数据来源有利于那些难以获得高质量本地数据进行全国性研究的城市学者,并有助于缩小数据差距。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231190961


【作者信息】

Meng Cai,密歇根州立大学城市与区域规划专业的博士研究生。她在达姆施塔特工业大学交通规划与交通工程研究所担任副研究员。她的研究兴趣在于城市可持续性、变革技术和计算方法的交叉。

21


Future shrinking cities on the globe: A projection map for 2020–2100 based on global gridded population dataset

未来全球收缩城市:基于全球网格化人口数据集的2020-2100年投影图


【摘要】

Shrinking cities have become increasingly prevalent worldwide due to various factors, which pose serious challenges to affected areas in terms of population decline, economic decline, and spatial deterioration. While existing research studies have focused on identifying shrinking cities, there is a need for global projections to mitigate uncertainties in their growth trajectories. Spatially explicit population grids offer a new approach to identifying potentially shrinking cities with sufficient spatial resolution. By utilizing a global gridded population dataset from 2020 to 2100 under the SSP2 (Middle of the Road) scenario, we produce a global projection map for future shrinking cities. Among the total 19,024 natural cities, 9682 cities (50.9%) will face population decline and 1751 cities (9.2%) may lose more than half population by 2100. Cities in East Asia and East Europe may face serious population decline.


【摘要翻译】

由于各种因素的影响,城市萎缩在世界范围内日益普遍,给受影响地区带来了人口减少、经济衰退和空间恶化等严峻挑战。虽然现有的研究侧重于确定萎缩的城市,但有必要进行全球预测,以减轻其增长轨迹的不确定性。空间显式人口网格提供了一种新的方法来识别具有足够空间分辨率的潜在萎缩城市。通过利用SSP2 (Middle of the Road)情景下2020 - 2100年的全球网格化人口数据集,我们制作了未来萎缩城市的全球投影图。到2100年,在19024个自然城市中,9682个(50.9%)城市面临人口减少,1751个(9.2%)城市人口将减少一半以上。东亚和东欧的城市可能面临严重的人口下降。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231186153


【作者信息】

Ying Long,博士,现就职于清华大学建筑学院,任终身副教授。他的研究重点是城市科学,包括应用城市建模、城市大数据分析和可视化、数据增强设计和未来城市。他发表了近200篇论文,领导了20多个研究/规划项目。他资助的项目包括世界银行和世界卫生组织这样的国际组织,阿里巴巴和腾讯这样的互联网公司,北京和成都这样的地方政府,以及国家发改委和国家自然科学基金委这样的中央政府。龙博士也是北京城市实验室的创始人,这是一个开放的定量城市研究网络。

22


The changing dynamics of population exposure to extreme heat in the contiguous United States from 2001 to 2020

2001年至2020年美国邻近地区人口暴露于极端高温的动态变化


【摘要】

The increasing population exposure to heat extremes in recent decades represents a formidable challenge to urban sustainability. Yet, less is known about the spatial and temporal dynamics of extreme heat events accompanied by the changing climate and the associated human exposure. In this study, we create a series of cartograms to reveal the spatial and temporal changes of population exposure to extreme heat in the contiguous United States from 2001 to 2020. Findings demonstrate a notable spatial shift in exposure from northern to southern regions over the two-decade period, with the worrying trend of prolonged extreme heat in some counties with large populations. While the majority of the population experienced fewer than 18 days of extreme heat annually, the spatial shift was accompanied by increasing population exposure to prolonged extreme heat. Results underscore the urgent need for spatially targeted climate adaptation policies to effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of heat extremes.


【摘要翻译】

近几十年来,越来越多的人口面临极端高温,这对城市的可持续性构成了巨大挑战。然而,对伴随气候变化和相关人类暴露的极端高温事件的时空动态知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们制作了一系列的地图来揭示2001年至2020年美国邻近地区人口暴露于极端高温的时空变化。研究结果表明,在过去的20年里,极端高温暴露的空间变化明显,从北部到南部地区,在一些人口众多的县,极端高温的持续趋势令人担忧。虽然大多数人口每年经历的极端高温少于18天,但这种空间变化伴随着人口暴露于长时间极端高温的增加。研究结果表明,迫切需要制定具有空间针对性的气候适应政策,以有效缓解极端高温的不利影响。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231189594


【作者信息】

Chaosu Li,现为香港科技大学(广州)城市治理与设计学院城市规划助理教授及香港科技大学公共政策学系附属助理教授。他对土地利用和环境规划以及气候变化的城市规划感兴趣。

23


Mapping U.S.-China technological “decoupling”: Beyond U.S.-China relations

绘制中美技术“脱钩”:超越中美关系


【摘要】

As a global phenomenon of political and economic geography, a partial “decoupling” of U.S. and Chinese technology ecosystems is well under way. It should be noted that the biggest manifestation of this decoupling is the U.S. crackdown on Chinese technology companies. The U.S. government has placed over 1000 Chinese firms on the Entity List, Unverified List, Chinese Military firms Sanitations List, and NS-CMIC as a representative action to stifle the Chinese technology industry. The spatial patterns of the technological decoupling between China and the United States can be summed up by looking at the spatial distribution of blacklisted firms. Beyond China, the United States largely works to prevent China from forging indirect business links with U.S. high-tech companies through its allies (for example, the United Kingdom). Core cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen in China, which are also hubs for Chinese high-tech businesses, are the major targets of industrial suppression in the United States. The U.S.-China rivalry will continue to shape the global economic geography in the future.


【摘要翻译】

作为一种全球政治和经济地理现象,美国和中国科技生态系统的部分“脱钩”正在顺利进行。需要指出的是,这种脱钩的最大表现就是美国对中国科技公司的打压。美国政府将1000多家中国企业列入“实体名单”、“未经核实名单”、“中国军工企业卫生名单”、“NS-CMIC”等,作为扼杀中国科技产业的代表性行动。中美技术脱钩的空间格局可以通过黑名单企业的空间分布来总结。在中国之外,美国主要致力于阻止中国通过其盟友(例如英国)与美国高科技公司建立间接的商业联系。中国的核心城市,如北京、上海和深圳,也是中国高科技企业的中心,是美国工业压制的主要目标。美中竞争将继续塑造未来的全球经济格局。


【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231189938


【作者信息】

Ze Zhang,苏州大学中国城市化研究中心、建筑学院杰出青年学者。他目前是浙江大学发展与治理国际研究中心的非常驻研究员。

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