18F-FDG PET/CT图像中时常会出现骨骼肌摄取增高的情况,有时候骨骼肌的代谢情况会被我们忽略,因为它可能没有什么临床意义。但有时候,关于骨骼肌代谢的解读又非常有意思。
在第29期病例中,一位胃癌患者的FDG PET/CT图像上出现了颈部肌肉、肋间肌、膈肌的摄取增高,肌肉的代谢盖过了肿瘤本身的摄取,这是由于胸、腹腔积液造成呼吸困难引起的呼吸相关的肌肉代谢增高。
由于骨骼肌容量很大,骨骼肌FDG摄取增高会降低其他组织包括病灶在内的摄取。因此做FDG PET/CT前需空腹至少4小时(正常人胰岛素分泌高峰在餐后30-60分钟,3-4小时恢复正常水平),以保证打针时体内胰岛素处于低水平。若是糖耐量异常的患者,餐后胰岛素分泌高峰可能后延,可能需要适当延长空腹时间。
需要注意的是,外源性胰岛素和内源性胰岛素对GLUT-4的影响机理一样,对于必须使用胰岛素来控制血糖的患者,可以选择注射FDG前至少4小时使用速效胰岛素(一般注射后15分钟起效,60分钟达峰)[2]。
骨骼肌生理活动增加
骨骼肌(等)生理性摄取变化提示的病理意义
骨骼肌的炎性病变
骨骼肌的肿瘤性病变
骨骼肌的异常摄取有时是病理性的,比如各种炎症、肿瘤,有时由肌肉生理功能变化导致。骨骼肌的病变不如其他组织和脏器的病变多见,一方面我们需要熟悉骨骼肌常见的病变来建立鉴别诊断的思路,另一方面在遇到不寻常的肌肉摄取时,结合它的生理功能、神经支配、病史等多想想背后的原因,可能会为我们的临床和科研思路打开新的大门。
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