船舶靠港期间大副 二副 三副和水手的职责
作者 赵立帅
船舶靠港的时候会很繁忙，除了装卸货还要面临PSC检查，伙食物料的补充，加装燃油，打排压载水，有时候还会有岸修，所以提前明确职责，做好准备工作,会让我们在靠港期间忙而不乱得心应手。
这里我们就装卸货期间需要特别关注的内容做几点总结供船员兄弟参考：
1.船舶靠港之前需要提前准备好的文件和图书资料的准备（包括但不限于以下几个）
2. Cargo Operations 装卸货
If the cargo operation plan is not being followed, or if the shore personnel suggest changes to the plan the Chief Officer is to be informed at once,如果岸方不能遵守装卸货计划，或者想要改变装卸货计划 应该第一时间通知大副
this is particularly important during loading operations as there are times when the stresses imposed on the ship hull during loading and de-ballasting operations could become critical.这一点在装货港尤为重要 需要相应调整排水方案以保证船舶应力和剪力在安全范围
The Loading Computer will be always available for you to USE if required during cargo operations.在装卸货期间 LOADING COMPUTER 驾驶员可以使用来根据实际情况来计算船舶应力剪力（前提是驾驶员必须熟悉配载仪，不然有任何疑问立刻报告大副）
Duty Officer to be familiar with the Main Ballast system, and the Ballast stripping system, as well as with the location and operation of all pumps and valves relating to those systems应该提前对驾驶员进行压载水系统的培训，让大家熟悉操作流程以及各个阀门的开关
During loading operation the Fore, Aft, and Amidships drafts should be checked and recorded at the end of each pour.每一步装卸完成驾驶员都应该对比吃水是否与计划相符
In addition the tonnage loaded should be obtained from the stevedore, and the cargo computer updated, the ballast figures should also be updated so that any large differences from the loading plan will show up.每一步装卸货数量和压载水的数量都要及时在配载仪跟进
Ensure that the ship is kept upright during cargo OPERATIONS; this should be done using cargo, not ballast. This is particularly important during loading operations.尽量保持船舶正浮 用货进行调整而不用压载水进行调整
On completion of cargo operations top of hatch coaming and drainage pipes to be thoroughly cleaned before closing the hatch.舱口围和排水孔在关舱前必须清理
Duty Officer must ensure that after changing the pour, ship loader is at correct hatch according to loading plan. 每完成一步，驾驶员必须保证装货机装货的下一个舱和计划一致
3.Opening/closing hatches.开关舱
Duty Officer must always be present to check and supervise the opening and closing of the hatch covers.值班驾驶员在开关仓时候 需要在现场监控
Hatch cover securing pins MUST NEVER BE REMOVED if crew members are still working on or near hatch covers / track ways.如果还有船员在舱盖上或者舱盖附近工作 安全插销不允许拔掉
Hatch cover securing pins MUST NEVER BE REMOVED until any sweeping is completed. The pins should be removed by the crew member(s) doing the sweeping.清理舱口围的船员离开之前不允许拔掉安全插销 一般安全插销由清理舱口围的船员亲自拔掉
Minimum 3 persons are required to open or close hatch cover :至少三个人参与开舱关舱,（1 Person to drive the covers (BOSUN)一人负责操纵开关 一般水手长负责，1 Person to oversee and supervise (Duty Officer)，一人负责安全监控 一般值班驾驶员1 Person to check all is clear at the other side of the hatch to the controls andreport positively before the covers are moved (A/B)一人负责检查舱盖清爽并且在舱盖移动之前确认并且报告）
The three crew members should stand in positions where they have a good view of all of the hatch covers and the coaming and can see if there are any problems, obstructions and see the wheels, hydraulics etc.三名负责开关舱的船员必须站在可以统观开关舱全局的位置（关注重点 液压管路 舱盖轨道 液压马达）
If you consider that you need more crew members – do not hesitate to call them.如果感觉需要更多的人帮忙才能安全开关舱 应第一时间安排随时叫人
4.Stevedore Damage.
During your rounds of the deck, keep a careful watch for stevedore damage, if any is found it should be pointed out to the stevedore foreman as soon as possible.在安全巡班过程中必须认真仔细，一旦发现任何损坏立即通知工头
The Duty Officer should make out a stevedore damage report form and ask the foreman to sign it,如果出现损坏值班驾驶员应准备一份事实报告并且督促工头确认并且签字.
If the damage is serious, e.g. a punctured ballast tank or damage to a hatch cover which would threaten it’s W/T integrity, then call the Chief Officer immediately.如果出现严重损坏 （例如货舱 压载舱破损 舱盖 损坏）应立刻通知大副
5.EMCY PROCEDURE 在港期间下雨的应急操作
为了防止污染我们在靠港之前都会塞上甲板塞，但是在靠泊期间难免会出现下雨的情况，一旦雨下的太大再加上船舶吃水差，雨水都会集中到船尾位置，有漫过甲板流到海里的风险，大部分港口可以接受干净的雨水自然流到海里，但是有些港口明确规定，任何船上的水不能流到海里明确标注雨水也不行，不然会面临巨额罚款。
虽然感觉这种规定比较不合理，但是我们也得遵守。这种情况下我们要提前做好准备，每条船结构不一样，有的船有专门收集雨水的柜子 直接打开就好，大部分船是没有这个柜子，我们的做法是 连接一个空气泵 提前把尾尖舱道门盖子打开 把水抽到尾尖舱。
6.Change of Officers of the Watch 驾驶员交接班
The Officer of the Watch must not hand over the watch during a period when a critical cargo operation is taking place such as commencing to load, changing holds, etc., unless the Chief Officer is in charge of the operation and is in addition to the Officer of the Watch. When the Chief Officer is in charge of the cargo operation, the change of watch may only take place with the approval of the Chief Officer.值班驾驶员在货物装卸的关键操作完成之前 不允许交接班（例如 刚开始装货 一个货舱装完货准备换舱等）除非大副在负责监控整个关键操作过程 ，这种情况交接班必须得到大副许可
On handing over the watch the Officer of the Watch shall inform his relief of all aspects of the cargo operation and other relevant information. When appropriate this information should include, but is not limited to, the following:值班驾驶员交接班应该交接清楚值班期间所有事项，（这里列举几项重点 但不限于这几项）
1. Any additional Standing Orders/Instructions.附加命令或者操作说明
2. Means of communicating with shore personnel.和岸方联系方式 联系人
3. Present state of the cargo and ballast.压载水和货物装卸的情况
4. The status of ballast system.压载水系统的操作情况
5. The present loading rate.现阶段的装卸货速率
6. The estimated time of finishing working holds and completion of the cargo operation.已经完货的货舱和预计完货时间（每一舱完货必须去现场检查确认）
7. Any problems associated with the cargo operation.装卸货有没有什么注意问题
8. The draught and trim of the ship.船舶吃水和吃水差
9. Any other items which may affect the safety of personnel, the ship or cargo。有没有对人员 船舶 货物造成风险的项目
7.RESPOSIBILITY OF DUTY OFFICER 驾驶员的责任
The duty officer is to ensure that :驾驶员必须明确
The 2nd/officer will ensure that tidal information is available on Bridge and on Gangway.二副必须确保潮汐表打印出来并且放在梯口和驾驶台
The moorings are tended with fenders under pressure/ rat guards fitted at all times.缆绳必须保证收紧，并且防鼠挡必须在位置上
When difficulty is experienced in maintaining the ship's position in berth, the Chief Officer / Master should be informed immediately.如果发现船不能保持在泊位上 立刻通知船长和大副
The accommodation ladder / gangway and safety net are properly rigged and that the lifebuoy is in position.舷梯安全网必须保证正确安放 救生圈在梯口备用
The accommodation ladder and surrounding area are clean and tidy and adequately illuminated at night.舷梯周围必须清洁无障碍，夜晚必须充足的证明
All crewmembers and visitors are following safety precautions, wearing proper PPE when on deck i.e. hard helmets, safety shoes and high visibility vests and using sea side for walking only. Passing under the loaders is strictly prohibited.所有船员和来访人员必须遵守安全操作流程在甲板上必须穿上合适的安全装备（安全帽 安全鞋 反光衣）并且只能走海侧，绝对禁止从吊货机底下通过
Before entering into C/Holds access trunks, atmosphere inside to be tested with gas analizer to ensure that it is safe for entry. Entry is not allowed without Chief Officer’s permission. The above is applicable for ship’s and shore personnel.进入货舱前必须检查气体中氧气和有害气体的含量 没有大副的许可任何人不能进入货舱
Ship security orders are strictly followed.安全等级要求必须遵守
Gangway watch is maintained at all times and that all persons attempting to board the vessel are stopped, asked for i.d. and reason for visit, recorded into gangway log and escorted to the destination by crew member on duty but not by gangway watchman.梯口值班任何时候必须有人 任何来访人员必须检查ID 并且登记 ，来访人员由其他船员带去要找的人 梯口值班人员任何时候都不可离开
The ship’s security log and gangway Visitors log are kept updated. 安保记录和来访记录必须更新
All entrances to restricted areas are to be kept locked in port. The only one accommodation door to be opened when in port for the entrance from the upper deck.所有限制区域必须上锁 整个生活区只有梯口一个入口
Deck lights to be switched on well in advance before hours of darkness, and holds where stevedores may be working during the night including access trunks, should be suitably illuminated with cargo lights (should be agreed with the foreman).甲板灯必须提前打开，根据工头要求安放所需要的舱灯照明
All Port and Terminal regulations are complied with at all times.必须时刻遵守港口和码头的规定
Every precaution to be taken to prevent pollution of the environment by the ship.船方应做好防污染工作
All scupper plugs and plugs on all save-alls to be in position. Maintain the deck oil free at all times.所有甲板塞必须安放到位，甲板不要有油污水
In case of any hydraulic oil leakage, immediate action to be taken to ensure that leakage is stopped, the area cleaned be means of sawdust and chemicals if necessary.如果甲板液压管有漏油的情况应立即采取行动阻止漏油，如果有需要 锯末 化学品必须准备好
The same is to apply for any other leakage of substances whose discharge o/board is prohibited. Repair works to be carried out only under special permission. Bear in mind that hot work is strictly forbidden in port.维修工作同样要防止污染的发生，另外特别提醒，靠泊期间禁止动火作业，如遇特殊情况必须向码头申请
The sailing notice board is to be posted at the earliest opportunity, where possible at least 24 hrs before departure, it should be updated as information becomes available.开航时间表必须第一时间更新
Crew shore leave is not allowed without Chief Officer permission.任何人上岸购物必须经过大副允许
8. Port Log Book. 码头记录簿
The entries required to be made in the Port Log Book should include but are not limited to:port log book 必须记录这些内容但是不限于
1 Times of commencing and stopping loading/discharge, and quantities loaded as calculated by Vessel and shore.开始和结束装卸货的时间，岸方和船方的货量数据
2 • Times of transferring of loading or discharge operations to another hold. 装卸货中由一个舱转移到其他货舱的时间
3• Drafts seen visually and compared with the calculated drafts, recorded on cargo plan。实际吃水和装卸货计划中的吃水记录并对比
4• Times and reasons for interruptions in loading or deballasting。如有中断打排压载水的情况 记录原因
5• Times of starting and stopping ballast pumps.压载泵的起 停时间
6• Times of opening and closing ballast tank valves.开关压载舱阀门的时间
7• Values and times of soundings obtained and tonnages remaining in each ballast tank. 压载水检查的时间和剩余压载水数量
8• Visual draft readings obtained at the end of watch.交接班的吃水
9• Times of shifting ship if any.如果有移泊 记录时间
10• Times of start and end of draft surveys, names of surveyors, and results of surveys.开始和结束商检的时间以及结果
11• Times of bunkering fuel and water and quantities taken.加装燃油淡水的时间和数量（加燃油白天挂B旗 晚上开一盏红灯）
12• Details of any damage to Vessel or cargo. 任何货损和船损的细节
Sign the Port Log Book Entries for your watch at the end of your watch.The Deck Log Book is to be written up at the end of the watch, signed by the Duty Officer.交接班要填好的DECK LOG BOOK 和 PORT LOG BOOK 并签字
9.FLAG国旗和船尾旗（船籍国）以及特殊工作需要悬挂的旗帜
Ensure that COUNTRY FLAG AND National flag ARE flown国旗和船尾旗（船籍国旗）必须按时升起和降落(近期出现了好几起因为没有按要求挂国旗被罚款的案例）
If any special operation is taking place, the correct signal flag is hoisted.任何特殊工作都要挂相应的旗帜 （水下工作A 引航员在船H 加装燃油 B)
Ensure that the correct Courtesy Ensign is flown and that any local customs with regard to the hoisting or lowering of the courtesy ensign are adhered to.根据当地相关法律法规悬挂相应的旗帜
所有驾驶员和水手必须遵守船长常规命令和公司规章制度，装卸货期间必须有驾驶员值班 （无论装卸货是否进行）.驾驶员必须在甲板或者在梯口或者甲板办公室，持续关注缆绳 装卸货进度以及压载水的操作 如有任何疑问 立刻报告大副船长。
安全是一切美好愿望的前提，愿所有船员兄弟航安.....
