成年人正在丧失阅读的能力吗?| 经济学人财经

财富   2024-12-19 10:15   美国  


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导读


导图作者:

Summer,女,QE在职,梦想能仗走天涯 翻译/音乐 /健康


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精读|翻译|词组

Are adults forgetting how to read?

昔年捧卷读书,今朝指尖轻划

英文部分选自经济学人20241214期财经板块

Finance & economics | Remedial classes required

Are adults forgetting how to read?

昔年捧卷读书,今朝指尖轻划

A survey by the OECD suggests so

经合组织的一项调查似乎表明确有其事。

Are yousmarter than a ten-year-old? New data suggest that a shockingly large portion of adults in the rich world might not be. Roughly one-fifth of people aged 16 to 65 perform no better in tests of maths and reading than would be expected of a pupil coming to the end of their time at primary school, according to a study released on December 10th by the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries. Worse still, adults in many places have grown less literate over the past ten years.

你比一个十岁的孩子更聪明吗?最新数据显示,富裕国家中有相当大比例的成年人可能并不比十岁孩童更强。经合组织(OECD)在1210日发布的一项研究显示,约五分之一的1665岁人群在数学和阅读测试中的表现,仅与小学快毕业的学生相当。更糟糕的是,这十年里,许多地区的成年人读写能力有所下降。

The OECD’s “Survey of Adult Skills” is carried out only once a decade. The researchers arranged for 160,000 adults in 31 countries and regions to sit short tests in numeracy, literacy and problem-solving. These aim to gauge if they have the skills to hold down a job, participate in civic life and generally thrive in the real world. At their most basic, they find out how well people can make sense of the warnings on the back of an aspirin packet, or work out how much wallpaper is needed to cover a room. At more advanced levels, they explore how well people can draw sound conclusions from analysis and charts of the sort one might stumble across in, say, a popular current-affairs magazine.

经合组织的《成人技能调查》每十年才进行一次。研究人员邀请了来自31个国家和地区的16万名成年人,参与关于计算能力、读写能力和问题解决能力的简短测试。这些测试旨在评估人们是否具备保住工作、参与社会生活以及在现实世界中取得成功的技能。其中最简单的测试会考察人们能否理解阿司匹林包装背面的警示信息,或计算出需要多少壁纸来贴满一个房间。难一点的题目会测试人们是否能够从分析和图表中得出合理结论,这些内容可能出现在一份流行时事杂志中。

注释:
1. gauge: v. to determine the capacity or contents of 测试;评估

Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gauge

2.stumble across: v. to find or learn about (something) unexpectedly

Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stumble%20across

Finland will rejoice at the results: it posts the highest average score in all three fields. People in the Netherlands, Norway and Japan, who performed better than average across the disciplines, will also be pleased. England has risen up the league table in the ten years since the tests were last run, owing to better performances among young adults. By contrast, America’s results are heading south. Similarly, Chile, Italy, Poland and Portugal all boast a high share of people who score below the norm. Almost half of Chileans score badly enough to place in the bottom two categories in both maths and reading, compared with just 8% of Japanese people.

芬兰对于结果将感到欣喜:在计算能力、读写能力和问题解决能力三个方面都取得了最高平均分。荷兰、挪威和日本的表现也高于平均水平,值得称道。英格兰自十年前上次测试以来,排名有所上升,这得益于年轻成年人表现的提升。相比之下,美国的成绩却在下滑。同样地,智利、意大利、波兰和葡萄牙有很大比例的人分数低于平均水平。尤其是智利,近半的人在数学和阅读两项中表现糟糕,落入在倒数两个档次;而在日本,这一比例仅为8%

Zoom out, and the picture is one of worsening basic skills. For almost every country that has seen its score in numeracy rise significantly over the past ten years, there is another that has seen its score fall. When it comes to literacy, countries with falling scores outnumber those making significant progress. This is the case even though more people are completing secondary school, and many more are getting degrees. The declines are concentrated among the least proficient, who seem to be scoring even lower than they did before. In many countries, the gap between the most- and least-skilled people is widening.

从整体来看,成年人的基础技能水平其实正在恶化。在过去十年中,一个国家计算能力得分显著上升,就会有另一个国家得分下降。在读写能力方面,得分下降的国家数量多于取得显著进步的国家,哪怕现在完成中学教育和获得大学学位的人越来越多。特别是那些本来就没什么技能的人,他们的成绩比以前还更糟糕了。在许多国家,技能最强和最弱人群之间的差距正在拉大。

Increased migration offers some explanation. Non-native speakers tend to do worse in tests that involve juggling words. Ageing populations do not help: the data suggest that numeracy and literacy peak at 30 or so. But even when these changes are accounted for, literacy scores in lots of countries are falling. Andreas Schleicher, head of education and skills at the OECD, speculates that adults are now getting less practice than they used to at reading long and complex texts. Blame TikTok.

移民的增长可以部分解释这一现象。非母语人士一般在涉及复杂单词的考试时表现较差。人口老龄化也造成一定负面影响:数据表明,计算能力和读写能力在30岁左右达到峰值。但是即使考虑这些变化,读写能力在许多国家仍在下降。OECD教育和技能主管安德烈亚斯·施莱谢尔(Andreas Schleicher)推测,现在成年人甚少像以前那样阅读长篇复杂文本。都怪TikTok

注释:

juggling:杂技、杂耍

The OECD’s study is not the only one to suggest that improvements in cognitive skills might now be stalling. Throughout the 20th century, psychometrists observed that iq scores were rising reliably, as part of a phenomenon named the “Flynn effect”. More recently, the trend in some countries has been that of stagnation or decline. The cause of this is hotly debated. What no one much doubts is that people with nimble brains find it rather easier to swerve life’s worst misfortunes, and are more likely to enjoy the best outcomes.

OECD的这项研究并不是唯一一项发现认知技能的提升可能陷入停滞的研究。纵观整个20世纪,心理测量学家发现人类的智商分数确实在上升,这是一种被称为弗林效应“Flynn effect”)的现象。但是最近,一些国家出现了停滞甚至下降的趋势。背后的原因引发了激烈的争论,但大家有共识的一点是:头脑敏捷的人更容易闪避生活中最糟糕的不幸,也更有可能获得最好的结果。

注释:

1.Flynn effect:指智商测试的结果逐年增加的现象。可能原因包括近亲通婚减少,营养增加,颅顶增大,更多人受到教育,社会复杂度提高等等。

2.SwerveIf a vehicle or other moving thing swerves or if you swerve it, it suddenly changes direction, often in order to avoid hitting something. 使突然转向; 突然转向

Surveys carried out alongside the OECD’s tests appear to confirm as much. People who perform best in the tests boast wages that are 75% higher than those with the worst scores. And returns to good numeracy and literacy seem to be more than just financial. High scorers report that they are happier and in better health. Low scorers seem to be more suspicious of others, and more likely to report feeling alienated from politics. You do not need a first-rate mind to sense trouble ahead. 

OECD的测试同时进行的调查似乎也证实了这一点。在测试中表现最出色的人的工资比最差劲的人高出75%。除了经济层面以外,计算和读写能力更为优秀的人们在调查中反馈他们过得更快乐,身体也更健康。能力测试得分较低的人们似乎对他人更加怀疑,还觉得自己在政治上被忽略了。即使不是特别聪明的人,也能感觉到这种趋势可能会带来问题。

翻译组:

Martina,想成问RESTI

Vivifang,顺应周期,爱与自由同时发生


校对组:

Cecilia 今年过得贵妇一点

Harold,不狂不放不申花

风筝,热爱生活 热爱翻译 热爱搞钱 热爱猫咪


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