红杉资本的转型困境:风投巨头如何重塑自我?| 经济学人商业

财富   2024-12-06 11:48   浙江  

1



导读


1.重点单词

perennial - 长期存在的,持久的

serene - 平静的,安详的

durability - 持久性,耐用性

aeons - 永世,极长时期

wilted - 衰落的,萎靡的

thrive - 兴旺发达

disbursed - 支付,发放

geopolitical - 地缘政治的

niggle - 轻微的担忧

candour - 坦率,直率

tightlipped - 缄默的

cede - 放弃,让与

beefing up - 加强,增强


2.词组

venture capital - 风险投资

limited partners - 有限合伙人

artificial intelligence - 人工智能

evolutionary science - 进化科学

growth fund - 增长基金

wealth-management arm - 财富管理部门

cross-border headaches - 跨境困扰

compound annual returns - 复合年回报率

startup kindergarten - 创业孵化器

unfair advantage - 不公平优势


3.固定搭配

catch one's eye - 引起注意

make a list - 上榜

put things in terms - ...的方式表述

go after - 追求,寻求

part ways with - ...分道扬镳

get into the business - 进入某行业

contend with - 应对,处理

cede to - 让步于

have one's work cut out - 面临艰巨任务


4.文章概述:

红杉资本作为风险投资界的常青树,正面临转型挑战。随着地缘政治风险增加和竞争加剧,红杉选择回归早期投资。然而,风投行业已今非昔比:参与者激增,回报率下降,新兴种子投资人崛起。红杉通过品牌优势、数据分析和创业孵化项目应对挑战,但规模扩大也带来决策效率问题。红杉能否在保持传统优势的同时适应新环境,成为其未来发展的关键。


5.问题(如何读完文章能很快回答这几个问题,证明我们真正读懂了这篇文章):
Q: What strategies has Sequoia Capital recently adopted to address industry changes?
Q: What major challenges does the article mention that the venture capital industry has faced in recent years?

Q: How does Sequoia Capital maintain its "unfair advantage"?

2



精读|翻译|词组
Business | Schumpeter

商业版块|梧桐树专栏

英文部分选自经济学人20241123期商业板块


Business | Schumpeter

商业 | 熊彼特

Has Sequoia Capital outgrown its business model?

红杉资本的商业模式已经过时了吗?

Venture capital’s hardiest perennial gets back to its roots

风投行业最坚韧的常青树回归本源

A sequoiq tree with a metal detector scanning around the Silicon valley and California.

红杉资本手持金属探测仪,在硅谷乃至加州淘金

THE FIRST thing that catches your eye when you enter the poshly serene headquarters of Sequoia Capital on Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park, California, is a metre-wide cross-section of what appears to be a redwood. On closer inspection it turns out to have been a tree in the past—38m years ago, according to a plaque on the back. Now it is solid stone. A gift from Roelof Botha, the venture-capital (VC) firm’s current boss, and his wife, it reminds employees and guests of the durability of the organisation they are visiting, which has existed since 1972. In the accelerated time of Silicon Valley, that is aeons.

走进位于加州门洛帕克市沙山路那优雅宁静的红杉资本总部,首先映入眼帘的是一个一米宽的红杉横截面。走近后就能看到背面的匾额,记载横截面来自3800万年前的老树,现在成了化石。这块化石是红杉资本现任掌门人鲁洛夫·博塔(Roelof Botha)和他妻子赠送的礼物,提醒这家风险投资机构的员工和客人,这家公司自1972年以来就一直存在,经久不衰。在日益月更的硅谷,这已是千秋万代。

Sequoia is not just perennial but hardy, too. In contrast to some other VC old growths like Kleiner Perkins, whose reputation for spotting the next hot startup has wilted in the past decade, it has managed to thrive more or less continuously for half a century. Over the years it has made its limited partners (LPs, as VC firms’ outside investors are known) and its own rainmakers (who pocket around a quarter of gains plus a management fee of a couple of percent of a fund’s assets) a total of over $70bn, thanks to early bets on future tech darlings including Airbnb, Apple, Google and Nvidia. Of that, $43bn has been disbursed since 2019.

红杉资本不仅经久不衰,而且四季常青。在发现下一个热门初创企业方面,过去十年里,KPCB等老牌风投机构已不再擅长慧眼识金,相比之下,红杉资本在过去半个世纪中或多或少地保持蓬勃发展。多年来,凭借对爱彼迎、苹果、谷歌和英伟达等未来科技宠儿的早期押注,红杉资本已为其有限合伙人(即风险投资公司的外部投资者)和内部的造雨人(即凭自己的关系和人脉为组织带来客户、资金、业务甚至声望的人)赚取了总计超过700亿美元的收益。造雨人拿走约收益的四分之一,外加基金资产百分之几的管理费,红杉资本自2019 年以来已经支付了430 亿美元。

Alfred Lin, who co-led Sequoia’s investments in OpenAI, the world’s leading builder of cutting-edge artificial-intelligence (AI) models, topped this year’s Midas ranking of the world’s 100 most successful venture dealmakers, compiled by Forbes magazine. Mr Botha came 11th. Another three Sequoia employees made the list. Mr Botha puts things in Darwinian terms, paraphrasing the father of evolutionary science: “It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most responsive to change.” For Sequoia, responding to change has included hatching a “growth fund” to bankroll larger startups that would once have gone public (in 1999), expanding into China (in 2005) and India (a year later), and creating a hedge fund (in 2009) and a wealth-management arm (in 2010).

林君叡(Alfred Lin)作为合伙人之一,领导红杉资本投资全球领先的人工智能模型开发商OpenAI,并荣膺2024年福布斯全球最佳创投人榜单(Midas List)榜首。红杉现任掌门人鲁洛夫·博塔排名第11,另有三名红衫员工上榜。鲁洛夫借用进化论之父达尔文的名言,说道,能生存下来的物种,并不是最强壮的,也不是最聪明的,而是对变化做出最积极反应的。对于红杉来说,应对变化的方式包括:1999年设立成长基金,为过往可能选择上市的大型初创企业提供资金支持;2005年进军中国;2006年进军印度;2009年创建对冲基金;2010年创建财富管理部门。

Lately, as geopolitical rifts have made investments in Asia trickier and deep-pocketed “tourists”, first from New York and Tokyo, then from Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, have stiffened competition for growth deals, adapting has meant once again going after more earlier-stage businesses at home and in Europe. Two years ago Sequoia launched its Arc programme for young startups. In 2023 it parted ways with its Chinese and Indian units.

最近,由于地缘政治分歧使得在亚洲的投资变得愈发困难,而起初来自纽约、东京,接着是利雅得和阿布扎比的土豪游客加剧了增长交易的竞争,因而适应环境意味着重新关注国内和欧洲的初创企业。两年前,红杉资本推出了其面向年轻初创企业的Arc项目。2023年,红杉资本拆分了红杉中国、红杉印度/东南亚业务。

This seems like a sound idea in principle: why endure cross-border headaches, or compete with spendthrift foreigners like SoftBank of Japan or MGX of the United Arab Emirates as they bid up valuations of today’s sexy AI startups, when ferreting out tomorrow’s stars at home offers potentially higher returns? The niggle is that both Sequoia and the ground beneath it have changed in a way that makes returning to its roots difficult.

原则上,这个想法很合理:为何要忍受跨境投资的繁杂,或与如日本软银、阿联酋科技公司MGX等挥金如土的国外公司竞争,它们在推高当前渐欲迷人眼的AI初创公司估值时,何不在本国寻找能带来更高回报的明日之星?恼人之处在于,红杉资本及其所处的环境已发生变化,这就使回归其传统投资策略变得更加困难。

For one thing, the VC landscape has become much more crowded. PitchBook, a data-provider, counted 3,417 conventional VC firms active in America last year, up from fewer than 1,000 in the mid-2000s when Mr Botha got into the business. Last year they managed $1.2trn-worth of assets, compared with $150bn 20 years ago. The value of new deals in the first nine months of this year exceeded $130bn. That pales beside $352bn in all of 2021, a white-hot year for startups, but is nearly twice the figure for 2014.

首先,风投这条赛道已经愈发拥挤。据数据提供商PitchBook统计,去年美国活跃的传统风投公司有3417家,而在2000年代中期,红杉合伙人博塔加入时,总体还不足1000家。去年,这些公司管理了价值12万亿美元的资产,而20年前这个数字是1500亿美元。今年前9个月新交易的价值超过1300亿美元,这个数字虽然明显逊色于初创公司白热化的2021年,当时达到3520亿美元,但仍然是2014年的两倍。

At the same time, as Mr Botha acknowledges, “The number of smart founders is not a function of the amount of money available.” With lots more cash chasing roughly the same supply of startup talent, industry-wide returns have duly disappointed. According to Cambridge Associates, an investment firm, the LPs of American VC firms have made compound annual returns of 1.45% in the past three years, compared with 41% in the three years before and less than the 8% they could have earned in public markets. As one VC veteran sums up with astonishing candour, “You would be better off investing in Microsoft or Meta.” (Sequoia is tightlipped about its funds’ recent performance, though to judge by its five Forbes Midases it is likely to be above average.)

与此同时,正如博塔所承认的,聪明的创始人数量与可用资金的多少并无直接关系。随着越来越多的资金涌入,初创新星的供应量却仍停滞不前,整个行业的回报因此令人大失所望。根据投资公司康桥汇世(Cambridge Associates)的数据,美国风投公司的有限合伙人(LP)在过去三年中的年复合回报率仅有1.45%,而三年前这一数字为41%,甚至低于他们将资金投入公共市场所能获得的8%的回报率。正如一位风投资深人士直言不讳地总结道:你不如投资微软或Meta(虽然红杉资本对其基金最近的表现保持缄默,但从其五位人员入选福布斯最佳创投人榜单来看,其表现可能仍然高于平均水平。)

As with other old growths of Sand Hill Road, Sequoia is also contending with smaller “seed” investors, often ex-entrepreneurs, getting between old-school VCs and the next generation of founders. These newcomers are closer to the young entrepreneurs in age, inhabit the same WhatsApp groups and offer counsel on negotiating with the Sequoias, having been through it themselves. The phenomenon dates back to the creation of Y Combinator, a startup kindergarten, in 2005. But it is not letting up. On November 26th the Information, a tech publication, reported that a young former startup manager turned partner at Andreessen Horowitz, Sequoia’s rival, was leaving to start her own $50m seed fund.

与沙山路上的其他老牌风投公司一样,红杉资本也在同一些较小规模的种子投资者竞争,这些投资者通常是前创业者,他们在老牌风投和新一代创始人之间起到中介作用。这些新兴投资者与年轻创始人的年龄更为接近,他们处于同一个WhatsApp群组中,且能够就如何与红杉资本谈判提供建议,因为他们也有过同样的经历。这一现象可以追溯到2005Y Combinator的创建,其被称为初创企业孵化器。但这一趋势并未减缓。1126日,《信息》(The Information)报道称,一位年轻的前初创企业经理,现为红杉资本的竞争对手安德森·霍洛维茨风投公司(Andreessen Horowitz)的合伙人,他将离职并投入5000万美元创办自己的种子基金。

注:Sand Hill Road, 通常缩写为沙山,是美国加州硅谷西部的一条主干道,以风险投资公司集中而闻名。

Out of the woods

走出困局

Sequoia has no plans to cede what Mr Botha calls its “unfair advantage”: a respected brand name, a strong network and sophisticated data analytics. It is beefing up Arc, its startup school, and maintains a “scout” scheme, lending asset-rich, cash-poor founders money to invest and sharing the upside. In 2023 it backed five startups as they were still incorporating. It is also marketing itself more intensely. Partners speak at conferences and appear on podcasts, two of which the firm has launched in the past couple of years. It offers startups help with sales, recruiting and the like.

红杉资本并不打算放弃博塔所称的非公平优势:一个颇负盛誉的品牌名头、强大的布局和复杂的数据分析能力。它正在加强Arc项目(其初创企业培养计划),并维持着侦察员计划,向潜力颇丰但现金匮乏的创始人提供资金投资,并共享回报。2023年,红杉资本支持了五家初创企业,在它们还处于注册阶段时就给予了帮助。同时,红杉资本还在加大宣传力度,其合伙人们出没于各大会议、网络播客,红杉资本过去几年也推出了自创的两个博客,为初创企业提供销售、招聘等方面的帮助。

This costs money. More important, it takes up time that could be spent actively seeking out fresh prospects. It has led Sequoia, too, to expand. Collective decision-making, on which it prides itself, is necessarily less nimble with 25 investment staff than it was with a dozen two decades ago. In the fast-paced VC business that can be a handicap. Time and again Sequoia has proved its sturdiness. It still has its work cut out if it is not to turn into a fossil. 

翻译组:

Jack Jan,实践出真知

zy,当下快乐就是意义

Albert,男,热爱笔译的摸鱼人。希望一直有求知和宽阔的心

校对组:

Clover,怀民亦未寝

Rachel,心有懵虎,细嗅乌龟

Rachel,学理工科,爱跳芭蕾,热爱文艺的非典型翻译

 问题答案:

A1: Sequoia Capital launched the Arc program for startups, separated from its Chinese and Indian units, and increased focus on early-stage investments.

A2: The number of VC firms has surged, investment returns have declined, and they face competition from smaller seed investors.

A3: Sequoia Capital maintains its advantage through its respected brand name, strong network, and sophisticated data analytics.

3



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