韩国:虎头蛇尾的政变,危机重重的国家 | 经济学人社论

财富   2024-12-18 10:54   美国  


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写在前面

思维导图:

Angela, 心之所向,无问西东

写在前面:在《经济学人》发布这篇文章以及本翻译组翻译这篇文章时,尹锡悦仍是韩国总统。而在韩国当地时间1214日下午,国会以204票赞成票通过了总统弹劾案,尹锡悦成为韩国第三位遭到国会弹劾的总统。

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精读|翻译|词组

Leaders | Seoul saved

经济学人社论|首尔得救

英文部分选自经济学人20241207期社论版块

Leaders | Seoul saved

经济学人社论|首尔得救

Yoon Suk Yeol of South Korea should resign, or be impeached

辞职抑或弹劾,韩总统尹锡悦将何去何从?

His coup attempt was foiled. But grave tests still remain for the country.

虎头蛇尾的政变,危机重重的国家
As with many attempted coups, it started late at night. Around 10pm on December 3rd Yoon Suk Yeol, the conservative president of South Korea, suddenly declared martial law: banning all political parties and severely curbing media freedom. Soldiers were deployed to the parliament building and riot police lined the roads. But six hours later, after opposition politicians had barricaded themselves inside parliament and thousands of courageous protesters had taken to the streets, he abruptly reversed course.

夜阑人静,更漏将残,宜摔杯为号,宜发起政变123日晚10点左右,韩国保守派总统尹锡悦突然宣布戒严:禁止一切党派活动并严格限制媒体自由。并陈兵于国会大楼,防暴警察列队街道。但仅仅六小时后,面对固守国会内部反对派政治人物、成千上万勇敢的街头抗议,他突然撤销了戒严令。

That a liberal democracy should suffer so brazen a coup attempt is as disgraceful as it is shocking. The good news is that South Koreans swiftly and firmly rejected it. The furious crowds in Seoul insisted that Mr Yoon had no right to take away their freedoms, confronting soldiers who seemed visibly uncomfortable with what they had been ordered to do. Lawmakers voted unanimously against the imposition of martial law. Even Mr Yoon’s own party stoutly refused to back him. In short, the checks and balances held, at least for now.

这场政变企图如此肆无忌惮,其恶劣程度令人震惊,难以想象会发生在一个自由民主国家。好消息是韩国人民迅速且坚决地加以抵制。愤怒的首尔民众坚称尹锡悦无权剥夺他们的自由,并与那些显然也对命令感到不满的士兵正面对峙议员们一致投票反对戒严令,甚至连尹锡悦所在的党派也坚决不予支持。简言之,制衡达成,至少目前如此。

The bad news is that the story is not over. South Korea is a youngish democracy that was under military rule until the 1980s and it has taken a beating. Mr Yoon is still president. What happens in the next few weeks is of importance both to South Korea and the politics of East Asia.

坏消息是,这场风波依然未平。20世纪80年代之前,韩国一直处于军事统治之下。加入西式民主阵营也不过数十年之久,且其尚显年轻的民主体制已受重创。尹锡悦仍然在位。未来几周的局势发展对韩国与东亚政治都至关重要。

Mr Yoon’s motives are still not known. He was losing his grip and beset by scandals, including one involving his wife being filmed accepting a luxury handbag as a gift. His approval ratings fell to around 20% last month, down from around 50% when he took office in 2022. His agenda was being blocked by the opposition, led by the Democratic Party (DP), which won legislative elections in the spring and had just trimmed his budget by $3bn, or 0.16% of GDP. Such things are normal in a democracy, but Mr Yoon claimed that the National Assembly had “become a monster”. He even implied that its members were collaborating with North Korean “communist forces”. He provided no evidence for this slur.

的动机至今不明。他逐渐失去对政局的把控,而且丑闻不断,其中就包括他的妻子被拍到收下一只奢侈品包包。上个月,他的支持率从2022年上任时的约50%骤降至20%左右共同民主党在春季立法选举中获胜,并刚刚他的预算削减了30亿美元,相当于GDP0.16%。这在西式民主国家并不罕见,但尹锡悦却声称国民议会已然 “变成了一头怪兽。他甚至暗示国民议会议员与朝鲜 “共产主义势力 ”勾结,但未提供任何证据。

Mr Yoon should resign immediately. He has proved himself unfit for any office, let alone the presidency of South Korea. Rich, free and a key member of the global coalition of democracies, it is a treaty ally with America, a supporter of Ukraine and a nation that has stood firm against communist aggression since the 1950s. It is also creative and innovative in fields as varied as artificial intelligence and pop music. It is alarming that the president of a country that stands as an example of a successful democratic transition would flirt with reverting to autocracy.

锡悦应立即辞职。他早已证明自己不适合担任任何职,更不配担任韩国总统。韩国是一个富裕、自由的国家,是全球西式民主国家联盟的重要成员,是美国的条约盟友,是乌克兰的支持者。自 20 世纪 50 年代以来,韩国一直坚定反对共产主义扩张。不管是在人工智能领域,还是在流行音乐方面,韩国展现出创造性和创新精神。令人悚然的是,作为民主转型成功的典范,尹锡悦竟然有恢复专制的想法

If Mr Yoon does not step down, the impeachment proceedings against him that have already started should press ahead. Securing the necessary two-thirds majority would require only eight members of his own People’s Power Party (PPP) to vote against him. They should do so in large numbers, even if it puts the opposition in charge. Their spines ought to be stiffened by cabinet resignations and mass demonstrations. Besides, Mr Yoon’s ties to the PPP are recent and shallow.

如果尹锡悦不主动下台,那么已经启动的弹劾程序就必须持续推进。只需要他所在的人民力量党(PPP)中8人投票反对,就能凑够所需的三分之二多数。即便这可能把权力交给在野党,执政党议员也应当纷纷投出反对票。内阁成员的辞职和大规模示威活动想必给予他们底气。再者,尹锡悦与人民力量党的关系本就浅显且历时不久。

Even if Mr Yoon is ejected, it will be too soon to relax. South Korea’s institutions have proved resilient. But politics remains polarised and bitter, in a world where that often saps the spirit of democracy. In addition, South Korea’s next chapter may be difficult. Mr Yoon, for all his dire faults, was pro-American. A president from the DP would lean more towards China than he did, and may take a less robust view of North Korea. Expect further twists and turns in this terrifying K-drama.

即便尹锡悦被罢免,依然不宜松懈。韩国的制度展现出了韧性,但政治极化现象严重,矛盾尖锐,这往往会侵蚀民主精神。此外,韩国接下来的局势可能会非常棘手。尽管尹锡悦存在诸多严重问题,但他亲美这一点从未变过。如果下一届总统来自共同民主党(DP),则可能会更加亲华,对朝鲜的态度也可能趋于缓和。因此,这部韩国政治大戏仍将充满变数,让我们拭目以待!

翻译组:

zy,当下快乐就是意义

Ryan,学海无涯,译无止境

Benjamin,初学翻译,爱红酒,爱美食

审校组:

Pay,一个坚定远航的sailor

Cecilia,今年生活得贵妇一点

Vince,语言是前进路上的一道光

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