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2024年普通高等学校招生高考真题全国统一考试
（北京卷）
英 语
本试卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I'd just arrived at school, ready for another school day. I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an 1 . “Today at 1: 10 there will be auditions（面试）for a musical.” My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, “Will you be going, Amy?” “Sure, ” said. I had no 2 in drama, but I'd try out because my friends were doing it.
At 1: 10, there was a 3 outside the drama room. Everyone looked energetic. I hadn't expected I'd be standing there that morning. But now that I was doing it, I 4 felt nervous. What if I wasn't any good?
I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. They then 5 my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a 6 , so I said, “A big role.” They said they’d look into it. I started getting really nervous. What if I didn't get a main role?
Soon, the cast list was 7 . My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role! ” Sure enough, my name was at the top. I just stared at it and started to 8 . I was so happy.
After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage. It was fun. And when people started 9 , that gave me a boost of confidence. It stayed with me and made me feel 10 . I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun—even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.
1. A. assignment B. initiative C. announcement D. interview
2. A. hesitancy B. interest C. worry D. regret
3. A. game B. show C. play D. line
4. A. suddenly B. continuously C. originally D. generally
5. A. advertised B. tested C. challenged D. polished
6. A. demand B. credit C. dream D. chance
7. A. traded B. posted C. questioned D. claimed
8. A. well up B. roll in C. stand out D. go off
9. A. whispering B. arguing C. clapping D. stretching
10. A. funnier B. fairer C. cleverer D. braver
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time 11 （rest ） allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12 （self-aware）. When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13 （give）us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 （boundary）in our personal and professional life.
B
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 15 （ name）the world's oldest living man. And when 16 （ask）about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation（适度）. Tinniswood, 17 doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you're going to suffer eventually,” he said.
C
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 18 myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, 19 （knock）his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 20 （jog）over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each.
Requirements for completion:
•One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term
•18 weekly one-hour pair meetings
•Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings
•At least three pair-teacher meetings
•One five-minute final video
Sign up!
The sign-up and registration process is as follows:
•Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.
•Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
•Proficiency（熟练）levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests.
•Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme,
Reminders:
Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme.
21. In the programme, students will _________.
A. chair daily meetings B. evaluate the exchange
C. meet teachers each week D. practise their language skills
22. To complete the programme, students are required to _________.
A. development tests B. participate in pair meetings
C. welcome new students D. work on weekly videos
23. What do students need to do during the registration?
A. Indicate their languages of interest. B. Select their own coursework.
C. Make individual contact. D. Choose their partners.
B
When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I'd been over-confident. Now I'd been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling（乱画）. In my30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn't let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo（禁忌） high form I wasn't allowed to practise.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I'd lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam?
A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.
25. In her 30s, the author_________.
A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career
C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings
26. Which word would best describe the author's dream?
A. Confusing. B. Empowering. C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success.
C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident.
C
The notion that we live in someone else's video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis”（模拟假说）returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive（认知的）functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical（实证的） experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.
So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors（隐喻） that are familiar to us. In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle（粒子） physics.
Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis?
A. Make an assumption. B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestion. D. Justify a comparison.
29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2probably mean?
A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by.
30. As for Kant's argument, the author is _________.
A. appreciative B. doubtful C. unconcerned D. disapproving
31. It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A. compare the current models with the previous ones
B. continue exploring the classical models in history
C. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D. turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
D
Franz Boas's description of Inuit（因纽特人）life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms（规范）were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in music al battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Cariada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts（本能）include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves re purposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
32. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code?
A. Living conditions were the drive. B. Unwritten rules were the target.
C. Social tradition was the basis. D. Honesty was the key.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline
C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you want to develop maximum credibility（可信性）, is it better to be a hedgehog（刺猬） or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 35 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 36 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
37 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 38 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don't know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 39 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people's mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others' reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don't treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures.
During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
My adviser and I devised（想出） a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating（合作的）lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? （In about 40 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友 Jim 准备给其校报的Asia Today栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75 周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
（1）建议投稿内容；
（2）就以上建议简要说明理由。
注意: （1）词数100左右;
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
答案速查
1-5 C8DAB 6-10 DBACD 11. to rest 12. self-awareness 13. gives 14. boundaries 15. was named 16. asked 17. who 18. to 19. knocking 20. jogged 21-25 DBACA 26-30 BDCBA 31-34 CCBD 35-39 GCDFA
名师解析 何炜敏 王莹 张黎明 文艳 李静
第一部分 知识运用
第一节
体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——作者参加音乐剧面试的经历
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了作者抱着试一试的心态参加了音乐剧面试，却成功获得了扮演音乐剧主角的机会，他在这次经历中体验到了尝试新事物带来的乐趣。
【语篇结构】
结构划分 | 具体信息 |
第一段 | 引出话题：一场音乐剧的面试 |
第二段—第四段 | 讲述作者参加面试的过程和面试结果 |
第五段 | 作者的感悟 |
考点分布：名词4个，动词3个，形容词1个，动词短语1个，副词1个
1. C 考查名词辨析【解析】根据下文 “ ‘Today at 1: 10 there will be auditions（面试） for a musical. ’ ” 及语境可知，作者正在教室里看书，这时听到一则通告。 assignment 任务；initiative倡议；announcement通告；interview面试。故选 C。
2. B 考查名词辨析【解析】根据下文中的 “but I'd try out because my friends were doing it” 可知，作者虽然对戏剧没有兴趣，但因为朋友们都在尝试，所以作者也决定尝试一下。hesitancy 犹豫；interest兴趣；worry担心；regret懊悔。故选B。
3. D 考查名词辨析【解析】根据下文 “Everyone looked energetic. I hadn't expected I'd be standing there that morning. ” 可知，此处指戏剧室外面排起了队。line 队伍，符合语境。故选D。
4. A 考查副词辨析【解析】根据上文中的 “But now that I was doing it” 和下文 “What if I wasn't any good? ”及语境可知，此处指排队的过程中，作者突然感到紧张。suddenly 突然；continuously连续不断地；originslly起初；generally通常。故选 A。
5. B 考查动词辨析【解析】根据上文 “I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. ” 及语境可知，作者进入戏剧室后，老师们让作者说几句音乐剧中的台词。接着，老师们测试了作者的唱歌技巧。advertise（为……）做广告；lest测验；challenge 对……怀疑；polish磨光。故选B。
6. D 考查名词辨析【解析】根据上文 “The teachers were smiling and praising me. ” 及语境可知，作者觉得自己有机会扮演音乐剧主角。chance机会，符合语境。故选D。
7. B 考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文 “My friends checked and came back shouting, ‘Amy, you got the main role! ’ ” 及下文中的“my name was at the top” 可知，此处指很快，演员表被公布了出来。post 公布，张贴，符合语境。故选B。
8. A 考查动词短语辨析【解析】根据下文 “I was so happy. ”及语境可知，作者只是盯着它看，然后（情绪）开始迸发。well up（情绪）迸发；roll in（金钱等）大量涌进；stand out 突出；go off 离开。故选A。
9. C 考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文中的 “that gave me a boost of confidence” 可知，人们的掌声增强了作者的信心。whisper 耳语；argue争吵；clap鼓掌；stretch伸展。故选 C。
10. D 考查形容词辨析【解析】根据下文 “I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun—even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone. ” 可知，此处指让作者感到更加勇敢。funnier更有趣的；fairer更公平的；cleverer更聪明的；braver更勇敢的。故选 D。
【长难句分析】I realised that by trying something now, I can have fun—even if it means stepping out of my car fort zone. （第五段最后一句）
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that 引导宾语从句；even if 引导让步状语从句。
译文：我意识到，通过尝试新事物，我可以获得乐趣——即使这意味着我要走出自己的舒适区。
【词汇积累】draman. 戏剧 energetic adj. 充满活力的 praise v. 赞扬
【常见搭配】try out尝试 look into 研究，调查
第二节
A
体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——慢下来的重要意义
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了慢下来对个人成长的重要意义。
11. to rest 考查非谓语动词【解析】固定搭配take（the）time to do sth. 意为“花时间做某事”，此处应用动词不定式。故填 to rest。
12. self-awareness 考查词性转换【解析】根据空格前的 “deeper some of ”可知，此处应用名词self-awareness意为“自我意识”。故填sell-awareness。
13. gives 考查动词的时态和主谓一致【解析】此处表示这有助于我们找到生活中的重要方面，并给予我们做出正确选择的机会。分析句子结构可知， “help” 与空格处是由and连接的并列谓语动词，时态应保持一致，故此处应用一般现在时；且此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句中的谓语，which 指代 “When. . . emotions” ，因此，谓语动词应用单三形式，故填gives。
【易错分析】此处识别and的并列结构时，如果只分析句子的成分和结构，考生有可能会误认为identify与give并列；但结合上下文语境可知，and连接的是 “helps” 和 “gives”。
14. boundaries 考查名词的单复数【解析】此处表示我们需要在个人生活和职业生活中建立清晰的界限、boundary 意为“界限”，是可数名词，且其前没有表示数量的限定词，此处应用其复数形式表泛指。故填 boundaries。
【长难句分析】When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices. （第三句）
分析：本句是一个复合句，When引导时间状语从句；which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代 When… emotions。
译文：当我们慢下来的时候，我们就创造出了空间来反思我们的思想和情感，这有助于我们找到生活中的重要方面，并给予我们做出正确选择的机会。
【词汇积累】significantlyadv. 显著地 establish v. 建立,设立 professional adj. 专业的，职业的
【常见搭配】contribute to有助于，促成 reflect on 反恐
B
体裁：新闻报道 主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——世界上最长寿的人
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了世界上最长师的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。
15. was named 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处为句子谓语；根据时间状语 “On April 5, 2024”可知，此处描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时；主语 “John Tinniswood”与动词name之间构成被动关系，应用被动作态；且主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填 was named。
16. asked 考查省略【解析】分析句子结构可知，本句是when引导的时间状语从句；因主从句主语一致，且从句的谓语动词中有be动词，所以从句省略主语和谓语中的be动词。完整从句应为：And when he was asked about him now title。故填 asked。
17. who 考查定语从句【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 “Tinniswood” ，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who 引导该从句，故填 who。
【长难句分析】“If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you're going to suffer eventually, ” he said. （最后一句）
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句。
译文：他说：“如果你吃得太多或做得太多，你最终将会遭受痛苦受。”
rarely adv. 很少 credit v. 认为是……的功劳 eventually adv. 最终
C
体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通——作者帮助他人的经历
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了作者为一个被撞掉书和眼镜的男孩提供帮助的经历。
18. to 考查介词【解析】固定搭配 think to oneself意为“盘算，心里想”。故填to。
19. knocking 考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词 “ran” ，此处应用非谓语动词；主语“some kids” 和动词knock之间构成主谓关系，此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语。故填 knocking。
20. jogged 考查动词的时态【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处为本句的谓语动词；根据空格前的 “My heart went out to him, and” 及语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时。故填jogged。
【长难句分析】As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said. “Thanks! ” （最后一句）
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，As引导时间状语从句。
译文：当我把眼镜递给他时，他看着我说：“谢谢！”
【词汇积累】carryv. 拿，带 land v. 跌落 hand v. 递，给
【常见搭配】an armful of一抱……
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
体裁：应用文 主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——项语言交流项目
【文章大章】文章主要介绍了一项语言交流项目的基本情况以及它的要求、报名和注册流程以及注意事项等相关信息。
21. D 细节理解题【定位句】The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.
译文：语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题。
【解析】根据定位句可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。
22. B 细节理解题【解析】根据Requirements for completion部分第二点 “18 weekly one-hour pair meetings” 可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。
23. A 细节理解题【解析】根据Sign up部分第一点“Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning. ” 可知，学生们报名（参加）并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的语言。由此可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。
【长难句分析】Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. （Reminders 部分最后一句）
分析：本句是一个复合句，Since引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，先行词是 all students。
译文：由于配对过程涉及诸多因素，并非所有报名的学生都会与搭档配对（成功）并能够注册该项目。
【词汇积累】communicatev. 交流 complete v. 完成
registration n. 登记，注册 indicate v. 表明，指出 individually adv. 分别地
【常见搭配】night up报名 in follows如下所示
B
体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——作者接受自身局限性改变自我的经历
【文章大章】文章主要讲述了作者一些喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。
【语篇结构】
结构划分 | 具体信息 |
第一段—第三段 | 作者回避画油画的始末 |
第四段—第五段 | 作者重新画油画的过程 |
第六段 | 作者的感悟 |
24. C 推理判断题【定位句】I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I'd been over-confident. Now I'd been declared talentless. （第二段第四至七句）
译文：我觉得很难，但仍希望靠通过测试，我没有通过，而且成绩狠低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无（油画）天赋的人了。
【解析】seared恐惧；worried担忧的；discouraged 气馁的；wrong/错误的。根据定位句并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。
25. A 细节理解题【定位句】①In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. （第三段第四句）
译文：在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法。
②…… I took oil painting no the taboo（禁忌） high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. （第三段最后一句）
译文：……我把油画视为一种禁忌、一种我不被允许练习的高级（艺术）形式。
【解析】根据第三段内容尤其是定位句可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画，故选A。
26. B 推理判断题【定位句】It was form of energy, giving me back something I'd last、（第四段第三句）
译文：它是一种能量形式，让我找回了失去的东西。
【解析】confusing难以理解的；empower增加（某人）自主权，使控制局势；disturbing令人不安的，引起恐慌的；entertaining 使人愉快的。根据第四段内容尤其是定位句可推知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。
27. D 推理判断题【定位句】Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. （第六段第一、二句）
译文：成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多。
【解析】通读全文尤其是定位句可知，文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画、但中学时由于油面测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信。故选 D。
【长难句分析】Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. （第五段第一句）
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；discovered 后是省略that的宾语从句。
译文：尽管我享受着打破了数十年来不使用油画颜料作画这一禁忌的乐趣，但我发现我现在更喜欢粉笔和墨水。
【词汇积累】joyouslyadv. 快乐地 individual adj. 单独的，个别的 abstract adj. 抽象的
【常见搭配】turn into交成
C
体裁：议论文 主题语境：人与社会——科学精神——讨论科学问题：宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生成的
【文章大意】文章主要讨论了哲学家对宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对宇宙争论的看法。
【语篇结构】
结构划分 | 具体信息 |
第一段 | 引出话题：宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生成的 |
第二段—第三段 | 不同时代下，人们对宇宙的不同认知 |
第四段—第五段 | 作者对宇宙争论的看法 |
28. C 推理判断题【定位句】Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. （第一段最后三句）
译文：不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远不会知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以用这个想法来推进科学知识（发展）。
【解析】根据第一段内容尤其是定位句可推知，作者想通过质疑假说来给出建议。故选 C。
29. B 词义猜测题【解析】accepted by 被接受；determined by 被决定；awakened by 被唤醒；discovered by 被发现。根据画线短语所在句中的 “If empirical（实证的）experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words” 可知，如果实证经验无法揭示现实，那么推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于概念和文字。此处 that指代 “concepts and words” ，作定语从句的主语；根据画线短语所在句中的 “our social, cultural and psychological histories. ” 可知，此处指推理所依赖的这些概念和文字由我们的社会、文化和心理历史决定。由此可推知，contingent on应意为“取决于”，与B项意思相近。故选B。
30. A 观点态度题【解析】appreciative欣赏的；doubtful怀疑的；unconcerned不关心的；disapproving反对的。根据第二段第一句“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. ” 和第三、四段内容可知，Kant认为宇宙是由不可知的自在之物构成的。因为接受宇宙是不可知的，我们会对此进行探究。为现实建模，而所有这些模或都是应对未知和做出发现的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，效率越高。由此可推知，对于 Kant 的论证作者是欣赏的。故意A。
31. C 推理判断题【定位句】①There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. （第四段第四句）
译文：争论宇宙是否是一个时钟，是否是一组粒子或是否是一个计算输出产物没有意义。
②It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. （第五段）
译文：可以想象，与构建以往的科学模型的过程相比，开发展于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项极具价值的工作。
【解析】通读全文尤其是定位句可推知，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否是虚拟的这一问题。故选C。
【长渡句分析】So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. （第三段第一句）
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。第一个if引导条件状语从句that引导宾语从句；第二个if引导宾语从句。
译文：所以，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，那么我们也会接受我们永远无法知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中。
【词汇积累】notionn. 观念 irresistible adj. 无法抑制的 ultimately adv. 最终
【常见搭配】take seriously 重视 consist of 由……组成 be familiar to 为……所熟悉
D
体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化——人类道德准则的形成过程及人类建立道德准则的标准
【文章大意】文章通过 Frans Bons对19世纪因纽特人生活的介绍引入主题，探讨了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类共同的社会本能和学习机制之中。
【语篇结构】
结构划分 | 具体信息 |
第一段 | 介绍因纽特人的生活和道德准则 |
第二段 | 探讨普世性的道德准则 |
第三段—第四段 | 探讨道德准则的形成 |
32. C 推理判断题【定位句】With life in the unforgiving Northern Cariada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. （第一段最后一句）
译文：在加拿大北部这个不容许犯错的环境中生活对人的要求很高，所以因纽特人对道德问题的实际办法十分合理。
【解析】根据第一段内容尤其是定位句可推知，因纽特人道德准则的形成以社会传统为基础。故选C。
33. B 细节理解题【定位句】These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. （第二段第三、四句）
译文：这些普世性规范远远早于任何进行道德说教的宗教理念或成文法律的概念。相反，它们源于人类基本需求的相似性和我们共有的学习和问题解决的机制。
【解析】根据定位句可知，普世性规范的建立源于人类的基本需求。故选B。
34. D 标题概括题【解析】通读全文可知，文章通过 Franz Boas对19世纪因纽特人生活的介绍引入主题，探讨了早期人类道德准则的形成或过程及其如何根植于人类共同的社会本能和学习机制之中。因此，D项“道德的起源”符合文章主旨，是本文的最佳标题。放透D。
【亮点句积累】With life in the unforgiving Northern Cariada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. （第一段最后一句）
译文：在加拿大北部这个不容许犯错的环境中生活对人的要求很高，所以因纽特人对道德问题的实际办法十分合理。
【词汇积累】regarding prep. 关于，至于 advantageous adj. 有利的 unobvious adj. . 不明显的
【常见搭配】disapprove of 不赞同 sake sense合理，有意义，说得通 root in 来源于，植根于……
第二节
体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
【语篇结构】
结构划分 | 具体信息 |
第一段 | 提出问题：成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人更好，还是成为拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更好 |
第二章—第三段 | 拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优劣势 |
第四段 | 拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势 |
第五段 | 总结：最佳选择是结合两者的特点，即成为“像狐狸的刺猬” |
35. G 过渡句【解析】上文讲拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于盖出肯定的答案。G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
36. C 过渡句【解析】上文讲拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人专注于一串串并做得根好。他们清楚自己擅长的东西。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
37. D 主旨句【解析】下文讲拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比我们“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时，他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面”引出下文，符合语境。故选D。
38. F 过渡句【解析】上文讲拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势必他们更可能从更广泛的来源中找出新信息；下文讲他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
39. A 过渡句【解析】上文讲这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答；下文讲成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“躯狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡。A 项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
【长难句分析】He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. （第三段最后一句）
分析：本句是一个复合句。三个that 均引导宾语从句；but 连接两个并列的宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
译文：他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时，他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了。
【词汇积累】conceptn. 观念 prediction n. 预测 source n. 来源 estimation n. 评估，估计
【常见搭配】figure out 弄明白 beings likely to 不太可能……
第三部分 书面表达
第一节
40. The need to be recognized as an independent scientist.
41. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training.
42. The adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success.
43. In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independance often involves recognising the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. （答案言之有理即可）
第二节
【写作指导】
审题：人称：第三人称为主，第二人称为辅
时态：一般现在时为主
One possible version
Dear Jim,
（写信目的）It's great to hear you're planning to write about China's achievements on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of this country. （it 作形式主语）① Here are a few suggestions for your article.
（建议投稿内容并简要说明理由）To begin with, talk about China's economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades. Then, projects like the Belt and Road Initiative make a good topic to discuss because it showcases China's determination to build a shared future with the world. （原因状语从句）② In addition, you can also mention China's role in helping solving global issues such as the global warming, offering a more comprehensive view.
（表达期待）Looking forward to reading your article!
Yours,
Li Hua
【佳句变式】① Learning you're planning to write about China's achievements on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of this country is great.
②Then, in order to showcase China's contribution to building a shared future with the world, you can discuss the Belt and Road Initiative.
---The End---
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