这些中式英语错误你占了几条
文摘
科学
2024-07-31 23:01
北京
Felicia Birttman从200篇论文中观察到一些最常见的中式英语习惯。他解释了什么是中式英语，出现中式英语的原因，并提供了解决办法。
中式英语出现在中译英的过程中，它没有明显的语法错误，内容上也能表达原意，但是却不符合以英语为母语的人的语言习惯，正因为没有明显的错误，也导致我们无法明显地察觉其中的不同。
下面的内容主要列举中式英语高频出现的地方，错误写法及正确写法。相信有了这些举例，我们会正确规范我们的写作内容。
错误使用：1）a, an, the的遗漏；2）a, an, the的多余；3）a, an, the的不匹配。Incorrect：Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main and splitter blades.Correct：Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of the main and splitter blades.两者同译：图2显示了主叶片和分离器叶片表面的相对速度分布。解析：主叶片和分离器叶片指的是本文的主叶片和分离器叶片而不是泛指的主叶片和分离器叶片，此处应该加the；表面指的是主叶片和分离器叶片的表面，而不是其他的表面，此处也应该加the。Incorrect：The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be a 3D modeling tool; it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.Correct：The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be the 3D modeling tool; it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.两者同译：选择PowerSHAPE软件作为三维建模工具；它擅长处理自由曲面和曲线。
解析：3D建模工具虽然可以理解为一种通用的概念，但在本文只用到这一种3D建模工具，此时应该加the而不是a。
Incorrect：A theoretical method for calculating the inner flow-field in centrifugal impeller with splitter blades and investigation of the interactions between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. Systematical study of number and distribution of vortices is conducted.Correct：A theoretical method for calculating the inner flow-field in a centrifugal impeller with splitter blades and an investigation of the interactions between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. A systematical study of the number and distribution of vortices is conducted.两者同译：提出了一种基于离心叶轮内流场的理论计算方法，并研究了主叶片之间的相互作用。对涡旋的数量和分布进行了系统的研究。解析：针对离心叶轮内流场的理论计算方法，虽然看上去有特指的意思，但是该计算方法是普及在所有内流场情况的，应该是泛指，同理，相互作用也应该是泛指。泛指的系统的研究这种研究方式应用到了特指的涡旋研究中。Incorrect：Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources contained in EOF product thereby minimizing impact on environment to the greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of materials.Correct：Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources contained in an EOF product thereby minimizing the impact on the environment to the greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of materials.两者同译：从理论上讲，再制造可以充分利用EOF产品中所包含的资源，从而最大限度地减少对环境的影响，与垃圾填埋或材料回收相比。解析：EOF产品，大类，应泛指，影响后有修饰内容，影响需特指，环境后有修饰内容，需特指。Too long：According to the characteristic of fan-coil air-conditioning systems, this paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the heat transfer theories and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling named Cooling Metering on the Air-side, which can monitor the individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the parameters of inlet air condition – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.Correct：This paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the characteristics of fan-coil air-conditioning systems and heat transfer theories, and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling called Cooling Metering on the Air-side. The new method can monitor individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the condition of inlet air – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of the inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.解析：上文主要的问题在于加入了一个which引导的从句，后文将which去掉，加入主语使其变为两个句子，更容易理解。另外还更改了部分结构，此知识点会在下面提到。
Too long：The gear transmission is grade seven, the gear gap is 0.00012 radians, the gear gap has different output values corresponding to any given input value, nonlinearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method, the existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used, the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.Correct：The gear transmission is grade seven. The gear gap, which is 0.00012 radians, has different output values corresponding to any given input value. The nonlinearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method. The existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used; the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.解析：上文的gear transmission 和 gear gap属于两个主题，当整体句子较长时，应考虑将两个主题分开写。Too long：…where m is the mass of the heavy disk mounted at the mid-span of a massless elastic shaft, e is the eccentricity of the mass center from the geometric center of the disk, φ is the angle between the orientation of the eccentricity and the ξ axis, kξ and kη are the stiffness coefficients in two principal directions of shaft respectively, c is the viscous damping coefficient of the shaft and the disk, ci is the inner damping coefficient of shaft, ω is the rotating speed, ξ s and η s are the components of initial bend in directions of ξ ,η axes respectively: ξ s = rb cosθ ,ηs = rb sinθ .m is the mass of the heavy disk mounted at the mid-span of a massless elasticshaft, e is the eccentricity of the mass center from the geometric center of the disk, φ is the angle between the orientation of the eccentricity and the ξaxis, kξ and kη are the stiffness coefficients in the two principal directions of the shaft, c is the viscous damping coefficient of the shaft and the disk, ci is the inner damping coefficient of the shaft, ξ s and η s are the components of initial bend in directions of ξ ,ηaxes, respectively: ξ s = rb cosθ ,ηs = rb sinθ .解析：这里是直接将句子进行了分段处理，使每一个符号解释另起一段，直接明了。
Too long：The clear height of the case is 6.15 meters; the thickness of the roof is 0.85 meters; the thickness of the bottom is 0.90 meters, the overall width is 26.6 meters, the overall length of the axial cord is 304.5 meters, the length of the jacking section is about 148.8 meters; the weight of the case is about 24127 tons.Case clearance height 6.15 meters
Roof thickness 0.85 meters
Bottom thickness 0.90 meters
Overall width 26.6 meters
Overall length of the axial cord 304.5 meters
Length of the jacking section 148.8 meters (approx.)
Weight of the case 24127 tons (approx.)
解析：如果涉及的参数和数值很多，下文的方法更明了，其实也可以以表格的形式处理。
不同观念：中文观念的背景先行性，中例：在一个风和日丽的上午，我向她表白了。英例：我向她表白了，在一个风和丽日的上午。此句的重点是表白，在英例中具有主题先行性。Incorrect：For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing.Correct：This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors.译：针对在汽车内饰中的应用，研究了皮革制造中的嵌套优化问题。Incorrect：Especially when numerical control (NC) techniques are widely used in industry and rapid prototype methods bring a huge economical benefits, the advantage of constructing 3D model becomes extremely obvious.Correct：The advantage of constructing a 3D model becomes extremely obvious especially when numerical control (NC) techniques are widely used in industry and rapid prototype methods bring a huge economical benefits.译：特别是当数控(NC)技术在工业中得到广泛应用，而快速原型方法带来了巨大的经济效益时，构建三维模型]的优势变得非常明显。Incorrect：Inside the test box, the space was filled with asbestos.Correct：The space inside the test box was filled with asbestos.Incorrect：In practice, we employed this approach to dispose of a wheelhouse subassembly of one kind of auto-body, and the results show that this method is feasible.Correct：We employed this approach to dispose of a wheelhouse subassembly of one kind of auto-body, and the results show that this method is feasible.译：在实际应用中，我们采用该方法对一种汽车车身的驾驶室组件进行了处理，结果表明该方法是可行的。Incorrect：To ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality, CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production.Correct：CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production to ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality.译：为了保证钣金质量和装配质量，CMMs被广泛应用于汽车工业的生产中。
解析：主谓宾应该先行表达。译文为中式观念。这也就是为何写文章不应该从中文翻译到英文的缘故。
不同观念：中文观念的时间先行性，中例：当下午4点的时候，要进行每日一报。英例：要进行每日一报在下午4点时。此句重点是每日一报，英文观念从句后置，主题先行。
Incorrect：When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for ∆=0.0, 0.001, 0.005 are shown in Fig. 8.Correct：Figure 8 shows the BDs for ∆=0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter.句中元素具有不同的重要性时，要着重安排最重要的成分放在句子的较前方，原理与主题先行类似。
Incorrect：Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model, the extended STL format is described in this section.Correct：The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.Incorrect：The 3D dentition defect and restoration element models are designed precisely with complicated surfaces.Correct：The 3D dentition defect and restoration element models with complicated surfaces are designed precisely.解析：with complicatie surfaces 的重要性要大于 are designed，应提前。Incorrect：Equations 2～6 can be respectively linearized as:……(equations given)…Correct：Equations 2～6 can be linearized as:……(equations given)…, respectively.Incorrect：The weights of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.Correct：The weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively.解析：respectively译为分别地，在中文中经常出现在句中，而在英文中必须要放置在句尾。In this paper and In this study错误使用：1）过度使用，每页多达两次；2）交替使用，意义并不相同英语本土表达用途：1）在介绍和结论中强调了论文的内容；2）在论文正文中，引用作者未完成的工作，如其他期刊文章或标准。所以，这两个短语在一篇文章中出现超过3次会被认为是不合理的。Awkward：In this paper, IDEAS was used to ….Correct：In this study, IDEAS was used to….Awkward：In the paper, a SZG4031 towing tractor is used as the sample vehicle, it components equivalent physical parameters are obtained by UG design and testing.Correct：In this study, a SZG4031 towing tractor is used as the sample vehicle, it components equivalent physical parameters are obtained by UG design and testing.解析：the study是指作者所做的具体工作，the paper是指整篇论文的内容。虽意思相近，也不可交替使用。格式错误：数字的文本形式和阿拉伯数字形式的使用场合。带有符号短语的使用场合。Incorrect：12 parameters were selected for the experiment.Correct：Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.Incorrect：All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.Correct：All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.解析：阿拉伯数字形式的数字不能放在句首。说明性文字中的数字要用文本形式的，如引言部分，数据性的文字中要用阿拉伯数字，如结果部分。
Incorrect：If the power battery SOC > SOClo and the driving torque belongs to the middle load,…Correct：If the power battery SOC is greater than SOClo and the driving torque belongs to the middle load,…解析：带有符号的短语出现在句中的表达应以另外一种形式。Incorrect：Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, printers, and etc.Correct：Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, and printers.解析：such as已经表达了不完整之意，无需etc.再表达等等。
Incorrect：Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics such as high complexity, high precision and high automation.Correct：Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics: high complexity, high precision and high automation.
解析：such as的后面已经包含了three characteristics，已表达完整，不需要用such as。1.、不带s后缀的名词复数（Grammarly可以辅助检测）
2、避免含义冗余（中文经常见到）
| Say
| Or say |
Research work
| Research
| Work
|
Limit condition
| Limit
| Condition
|
Knowledge memory
| Knowledge
| Memory
|
Sketch map
| Sketch
| Map
|
Layout scheme
| Layout
| Scheme
|
Arrangement plan
| Arrangement
| Plan
|
Output performance
| Output
| Performance
|
Simulation results | Simulation
| Results |
Knowledeg information
| Knowledge
| Information
|
Calculation results
| Calculation
| Results
|
Application results
| Applicaiton
| Results
|
3、名词后需要加s的情况
Don't write
| Instead write
|
Different node
| Different nodes
|
Various method
| Various methods
|
Two advantage
| Two advantages
|
Fifteen thermocouple
| Fifteen thermocouples
|
4、不要以缩写左右一句话的开始，例如Fig 8应该写为Figure 8。5、不要写"by this way"，可以用"by doing this"或者"using this method"替代。7、不要写"the results are shown as Figure 2"，而要写"the results are shown in Figure 2"
8、当以字母表示一个符号时，如时间t，符号在文中应该以斜体形式存在，以更直观地表现出与正文的不同。
9、不要在技术文章中出现这样的写法：
No：Obviously, detecting regimes by means of PMH maps is a novel method.
Yes：Detecting regimes by means of PMH maps is a novel method.
