SCI写作-经验与总结
Dr.Lu
01
开场白
哈喽！大家好，不知不觉已经步入了2022年，首先先祝大家能够在新的一年里实现新的的人生目标，新年新气象！
作为一个科研狗，没有多余的时间寻找素材发布公众号内容，基本上除了忙还是忙，偶尔闲下来总结总结自己的工作经验与大家分享分享已是不易，但是我保证每期内容都是用心去创作的。看到自己半年前创作的内容有几百个人看，还是挺欣慰的！
以前还是一个没事写写诗词歌赋的文艺青年，自从走上了科研路，就没有多余的时间为赋新词强说愁了。当然了，只要不停止思考，就会产生阶段性的产物。
回想了一年半以来，除了写了两篇拙劣的文章算是产出以外，别的工作就当做默默地付出吧。坦白说，以前的我对中文写作有比较深入的研究，对英文文章写作不太熟练，自己不上档次的英语水平还经常起到雪上加霜的作用。
以前一直觉得写SCI论文的过程是写好中文翻译过来，自己亲身试验过以后就马上更正了这个想法，因为英文的逻辑理解和中文的逻辑理解是不一样的，同样的话，中文可以很轻易看出逻辑关系，但是翻译过来看英文就不是那么一回事了。于是我又返工，重新将想法按照英文思路写了出来（教训）。
实践出真知。当按照真正的规矩写出了另一版文章后才知道以前写的真的是太烂了。不知道自己以前为什么没有找一篇Nature深入研究它的结构，现在才后知后觉，好的东西真的是有一个好的结构。
所以，今天总结一下自己从SCI论文写作中得到经验和教训，希望能对大家有用。
02
SCI结构-总结自Nature
摘要（ABSTRACT）
l 首句
引出研究主题（1句）
指出研究对象是一种什么技术（什么材料/什么方法/……）被用来治疗（解决/增强/减弱/处理/……）热点问题，【v-ing】纠正了（改进了/增进了/……）热点问题的某些具体问题。
Example: Growing rod technique (GRT) is usually an invasive surgical method utilized to treat early-onset scoliosis (EOS), allowing the restoration of a well-balanced sagittal profile.
l 第二句
转折引出研究问题（1句）
However，研究对象在处理热点问题的过程中存在哪些问题是仍然没有解决的，这些问题的发生机制是本文需要揭示的（这些问题的解决办法是本文需要提出的），由于什么因素引起的。
Example: However, the risk of postoperative complications and instrumentation breakage is still high mainly related to the choice of fixed mode.
l 第三句
以往研究及忽略问题（1句）
【Literature studied primary stability】以往研究研究了稳定性（时间缩减/效率/数量/……），【neglecting】忽略了什么关键的问题，【which is】该关键问题是解释什么现象的基础。
Example: Literature studied primary stability and instrumentation loads, neglecting the mechanical transmission of the spinal long-segment model in different growth phases, which is fundamental to building a complete biomechanical environment.
l 第四句
本文研究期望研究的内容（1句）
【The study aimed at】本研究旨在研究热点问题的生物力学（运动学/动力学/……）【occurring after】发生在研究对象的处理过后的，【as affected by】受研究对象细化的具体技术的影响。
Example: The study aimed at investigating the kinematic and mechanical properties occurring after GRT across the long spinal structure and the posterior instrumentation, as affected by unilateral or bilateral fixation.
l 第五句
研究对象材料与方法简述（1句）
【something】何物【under】在何工况下【using】用了几种方法（模型/材料/……），【which were from】包含几个时间段。
Example: Spinal segments (C6-S1) were loaded under flexion (Flex), extension (Ext), left lateral bending (LB), right lateral bending (RB), left torsion (LT), and right torsion (RT) using 11 established spinal models, which were from three growth phases.
l 第六句
研究结果指标简述（1句）
【something】应力（应变/活动度/速度/加速度/稳定性/数量/……）等指标【were measured, respectively】被分别测量。
Example: The stress distribution, spinal and intervertebral range of motion (ROM), counter torque of vertebra, and bracing force on the rods were measured, respectively.
l 第七句
研究结果简述（2-3句）
某方法相对于其他方法更稳定（更快速/更大/更小/……），【notably】尤其是在哪方面。【Meanwhile】同时，。【Additionally】更多地，。
Example: Bilateral posterior fixation (BPF) is more stable than unilateral posterior fixation (UPF) at the expense of more compensations of the superior adjacent segment (SAS), especially when the superior fixed segment is closer to the head. Additionally, the bracing force of the instrumentation on the spine increases as the Cobb angle decreases.
l 尾句
研究结果引出的启示（1句）
【Thus, some results could provide a】因此，某些研究结果可以为【something】提供理论基础（改进方法/现象解释/……）。
Example: Thus, some results could provide a theoretical suggestion for selecting BPF or UPF and fixed segments in different growing phases.
引言（INTRODUCTION）
l 首段
研究背景
重申研究主题。简述研究主题可能引发的严重后果（存在的弊端）。逐渐引出研究的具体对象。【However】，该技术还存在一些具体的问题【与摘要呼应】。
Example: EOS is a three-dimensional spinal deformity that occurs in children before the age of 10 years and is mainly caused by congenital spinal deformities, neuromuscular diseases, scoliosis-related syndromes, or idiopathic causes (El-Hawary R et al., 2015; Cunin V et al., 2015). During a period of growing rapidly, spinal deformities can affect the physical health and cardio-pulmonary function of a child, which may lead to cardiac failure and death in severe cases (Canavese F et al., 2013). As one treatment modality, conservative therapy is more suitable for mild scoliosis and relied on great compliance of patients, allowing inchoate spinal corrective (Kotwicki T et al., 2013). While growing rod techniques, such as BPF or UPF, are widely used as a no-fusion procedure for severe scoliosis (Thompson G H et al., 2005; Basu A et al., 2017). However, the risk of postoperative complications and instrumentation breakage is still high mainly related to the choice of fixed mode.
l 第二段
以往研究在背景方面的现状
【The recent literature contributed to a better understanding of】当前研究为我们了解该技术提供了基础研究。该技术是怎样的，存在什么优点，【but】存在什么缺点。【On the other hand】另一种技术是怎样的，解决了上一种技术的缺点，【but】存在什么缺点【简略且综合概括研究现状】。
Example: The recent literature contributed to a better understanding ofthe basic biomechanics behind GRT. There is a smaller wound and less restriction after UPF than BPF, while UPF is prone to happen phenomenon of fracture. On the contrary, BPF could cause a higher rate of postoperative infection (Khan E et al., 2016; Xu G J et al., 2016). Computational studies based on finite element analysis also reported similar findings (Driscoll M et al., 2011; Quick M E et al., 2015). On the other hand, more frequent instrumentation extensions may lead to a higher risk of rod failure but provide greater growth potential for the spine, since this way promotes development with periodic support to scoliosis (Agarwal A et al., 2015; Agarwal A et al., 2018).
l 第三段
以往研究在关键技术方面的现状
【Most past literature did not address the】以往研究没有立足于什么具体问题。谁用了其他研究方法研究了与本文相同的问题，得到了什么结论，【but】该研究方法与本文要用的方法比较存在哪些不足之处。【Other studies】谁用了本文要用的方法研究了什么问题，得到了什么结论，【however neglecting】然而忽略了什么问题。【Additionally, many studies abandoned the】总之，许多研究都忽略了什么问题【这也是本文要解决的问题】。
Example: Most past literature did not address the biomechanical mechanism of how does spine response to instrumentation after UPF or BPF.……Well-known intervertebral disc (IVD) pressure measurements have often been used as an index of the loads transferred through the anterior column of intact and instrumented spine segments, following destabilization of one or more functional spine units (FSU) due to the damage of bony structure (Schmoelz, W, 2006; Adams, M, 1996; Nachemson, A, 1963), however neglecting the biomechanical contribution of the remaining bony structures and ligaments.Other studies that relied on biomechanical experiments have the difficulty of obtaining a human specimen from children, allowing only the spine of one growth phase with a specific profile, thus neglecting the significance of spinal growth and the internal environment of the spine.
l 尾段
重申本文研究目的
【No prior study ever investigated the】以往研究从没有以什么新型技术研究什么问题，【nor the】也没有...。【Therefore】因此，本文旨在【interpret and understand】解释和理解什么主题。【In particular】尤其是，目前的研究旨在解决什么具体问题，哪些指标参数被测量了。本文的研究结果可以为谁或某行业提供指导（基础/策略/方案）。
Example: No prior study ever investigated the biomechanical mechanism between the about 20 segments spine and instrumentations following UPF or BPF, nor the models from one patient with multiple growth phases. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to interpret and understand the occurrence mechanism of spinal complications. In particular, the present study focused on the variations in biomechanics due to the fixation of GRT, and the stress distribution, spinal and intervertebral ROM, counter torque of vertebra, and bracing force on the rods were measured. A more practical motivation for this study is to provide a theoretical guide for rational selection of surgical strategy.
材料与方法（MATERIALS AND METHODS）
l 所用到的标本/对象（Subject）
简述文章材料或人物的来源
实验所依据的材料来自于何处或何人，提供地点和人物的相关信息，并提供材料的处理方法，仪器设备等信息。
Example: The geometry of the spine and growing rods was constructed from a patient with EOS treated by the surgical procedure of BPF. The patient (9 years, 115 cm, 30 kg) is with no other spinal disease and experienced three surgical operations. The preoperative X-ray displays a thoracic curve Cobb angle of 62.9°/54.4°/29.9° respectively with sagittal profiles, captured at an interval of 1 mm and resolution of 512×512 px by utilizing a CT scanner(SIMENS/SOMATOM Definition) from Germany.
l 建立的基本模型（Creating the base model）
简述文章模型分组/实验分组
【For evaluating how the】为了分析某问题，总共建立了多少个模型/设计了几种实验。
模型是如何建立的，用了何软件，软件的型号和公司，软件中重要参数的设置。
附图说明
l 采用的网格和材料属性（Adopted Mesh and Material Properties）
简述文章模型建立之后的参数设置
简述文章模型建立之后的边界设置
附图说明
l 模型有效性验证（Validation of model）
简述文章模型建立的正确性
结果（RESULTS）
l 结果一
简述文章结果一
当结果指标很多时，按照工况或者模型类型分子类分别描述结果。内容只提及结果，不提及讨论。例如：某值相对于某值增大了百分之多少，某值存在趋势为先减小后增大。不解释为何增大和减小。
l 结果二
简述文章结果二
……
讨论（DISCUSSION）
l 首段
重申本文主题及存在的问题
研究对象是一种什么技术用来治疗什么疾病。该技术仍然存在什么问题【与摘要内容呼应】
Example: Growing rod technique (GRT) is usually an invasive surgical method utilized to treat EOS, allowing the restoration of a well-balanced sagittal profile. GRT procedure is often accompanied by a high risk of rod breakage and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) due to disrupted original structural balance after instrumentations implanted, featuring unique biomechanical challenges (El-Hawary R et al., 2015; Watanabe K et al., 2016; M Cammarata et al., 2012).
l 第二段
重申以往研究的不足之处，引出本文的研究目的和研究手段
【Previous studies demonstrated】以往研究论证了什么什么问题。【However】他们关注了某点，【neglecting】忽视了某点，【which】某点是解决什么问题的关键。【While】尽管本文的方法为研究某事提供了便利，某技术【本文采用的技术创新】也是非常有必要的。【两层递进转折引出本文关注点和关键技术】【The present study aimed to investigate the】目前的研究旨在调查研究主题。【To achieve this】，为了实现这个，什么参数被测量了。
Example: Previous biomechanical studies demonstrated improved primary stability and reduced instrumentation loads using multi-rod constructs (La Barbera et al., 2020; La Barbera et al., 2018; Luca, A et al., 2017). However, they focused on the load supported by the posterior instrumentation in relation to rod breakage, neglecting the spinal biomechanical environment changed by instrumentations, which is fundamental to evaluate the postoperative effect and promote the patient’s life. While FEM may offer a convenient and simple way the description of actual loads on spinal segments and instrumentation, an incomplete spinal environment construction may be a restriction for current studies (Quick et al., 2015; Driscoll et al., 2011). The present study aimed to investigate the kinematic and mechanical properties occurring after GRT across the long spinal structure and the posterior instrumentation, as affected by unilateral or bilateral fixation in three growth phases. To achieve this, spinal long-term segment structures in three growth phases were reconstructed to measure the stress and ROM distribution, counter-torque of C6, and bracing force of the growing rod.
l 第三段
对研究结果一总结并讨论原因，再与以往研究进行比较
结果一阐述。【These trends, consistent for all models, were independent of the type of instrumentation considered, in agreement with previous studies on the growing rod】结果一的趋势在所有模型中都统一，与以往研究相同。【Compare to other studies】与以往研究在某方面的结果相比，【our results may indicate that】我们的研究或许解释了什么现象。
Example: Flexibility tests demonstrated that a posterior bilateral fixation is effective in reducing the ROM than a posterior unilateral fixation, declining maximally by 91.89% among all situations at the same torque loading. Additionally, an increase in the fixed segment, particularly the upward movement of the superior segment, further reduced the spinal overall ROM. By observing the ROM on SAS, it was increased significantly even 32.5 times than PREO (T2-L4 fixed, LB) related to much more compensation occurring on SAS, despite relieving the pressure on the fixed segment. These trends, consistent for all models, were independent of the type of instrumentation considered, in agreement with previous studies on the growing rod.Compare to other studies on the surgical effect of BPF and UPF, where UPF is mostly prone to cause thoracic abnormality related to its’ instability (Kamaci S et al., 2014; Acaroglu E et al., 2002). Our results may indicate that the stability of BPF is greater than UPF despite considering the larger compensation in SAS.
l 第四段
对研究结果二总结并讨论原因，再与以往研究进行比较
本文存在的局限性
分条列举本文存在的局限性。
结论（CONCLUSION）
【审稿意见】The conclusion needs revision, which concisely summarize what has been done in this research; what are the new findings or what are the advantages of this research compared with previous researches; what is the significance of this work and what conclusions can be drawn. Sometimes, the possible future work may be indicated.
l 首句
总结本文做了什么（1句）
【This paper investigated】本文调查/研究/揭示/论证了什么机制/原理/现象【可加状语】。
Example: This paper investigated the kinematic and mechanical properties occurring after GRT across the long spinal structure and the posterior instrumentation, as affected by unilateral or bilateral fixation.
l 第二句
与以往研究本文的改进是什么（1句）
【Compare to previous studies】与以往研究相比，我们改进了哪些方面。
Example: Compare to previous studies, the models we constructed are more complete to restore the true spinal environment, being simulated six kinds of surgical procedures in three growth phases using 11 established models.
l 第三句
简述得到的结果（2-3句）
【Our results show that】我们的结果表现了。多条结论可以用Notably, meanwhile besides in addition等并列。
Example: Our results show that BPF is more stable than UPF at the expense of more compensations of SAS, especially when the superior fixed segment is closer to the head, causing more pressure on SAS. Meanwhile, the growth of the spine itself may be another interpretation for the higher risk of rods fracture.
l 第四句
总结本文工作引发的启示（1句）
【In summary】总之，我们应该怎么做。
Example: In summary, the choice of surgical procedure should be paid more attention to the spinal curvature, patient’s therapy periods, and surgically fixed segment.
l 第五句
总结本文工作的重要意义（1句）
【This study can provide】本研究可以为什么什么提供指导。
Example: This study can provide inspiration for surgeons to make surgical strategies.
l 第六句
未来工作（1句）
【The next avenue of future work could be】未来工作我们将会怎样。
Example: The next avenue of future work could be adding the corresponding in vitro experiment to verify our results.
利益冲突（Conflicts of Interest）
There are no conflicts of interest in this study.
All authors have read and approved this version of the article, and due care has been taken to ensure the integrity of the work. Neither the entire paper nor any part of its content has been published or has been accepted elsewhere. It is not being submitted to any other journal.
基金声明（Funding Statement）
【This research was supported by the】 National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. ******), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (******).
参考文献（References）
SCI论文的主要框架大同小异，掌握了逻辑结构再填充内容便容易了很多，即使自己的英语水平很烂，但是看上去有鼻子有眼儿的，也算是有一张全乎脸。英文写作任重而道远，还是得多写才会有质的改变，与大家共勉！再附赠一些作图的建议。
03
关于论文作图的一些建议
全文配色统一、合理、协调
两线条未形成强烈对比或为孪生关系时，用近似色（色环相近颜色）
两线形成强烈对比关系时，用互补色（色环对称颜色）
一线与其余两线形成强烈对比，两线关系相近或孪生，用分裂互补色（色环对称与相近颜色）
三线形成强烈对比关系时，用三色法（色环呈120度颜色）
对单一变量合理使用渐变色，会使逻辑更加清楚
图形清晰度说明
我们在截取软件图进行后期处理时，总觉得无法提高图片清晰度，这里有两种方法。
截取的图片不要经过word，word系统默认图片分辨率压缩为220ppi（失真严重），word保存后的文件是压缩后的，再次用其他软件打开时已经是低质量图片，本人亲测，同样的内容不压缩图片与压缩图片保存后的文件大小有明显区别
用专业的截图软件或许会对清晰度提高有作用，但是提高不大（微信截图足矣）
显示器的大小决定了图片的质量大小，左图为30%大小时的截图，右图为140%大小时的截图，清晰度和细节对比明显，所以截图时图片要放到最大。（大显示器可以放大的倍数更多，本人显示器33寸）
图片格式
我们在作图时会发现很难统一图片中字体的大小，这是因为我们经常不注意图片的大小，而使文字去匹配图片的大小，其实正确的做法应该是统一文字的大小，将图片缩放以匹配文字，这样的图片在Word中就统一了
图片字母使用西文Arial，更符合英文论文风格，字号8pt。坐标轴线0.75pt，文字8pt，刻度线外翻。主线1pt。图片编号小写abcd，10pt
图片留白不宜过多，可以通过画中画或加网格线的方式减小负空间，增加图片饱和感
好了，这期内容就到这里，已经写了34分钟的阅读量了，文字太多，比较枯燥，还希望大家不厌其烦。这些内容是我目前已知需要注意的，如果大家有其他建议可以给我留言评论，争取更新到下期内容！
下期内容：半原创图的制作过程（Visio&PS）
