船体建造工艺总共分为六个步骤，分别为放样、号料、构件加工、装配与焊接、密性测试以及船舶下水。
一、放样
lofting
放样是船体建造的首要工艺，会影响后续工艺的质量。根据放样内容，放样有型线放样和结构放样两种方法。
Lofting is the first workmanship for hull building, and will therefor influence the quality of the following workmanship. There are two methods, line lofting and structural lofting in accordance with lofting content.
船体放样指在船体建造过程中，根据设计图纸，将船体型线或结构按一定比例进行放大，以获得光顺的型线以及构件在船体上的正确位置、形状和尺寸，为后续工序提供施工依据。
二、号料
material marking
号料是放样工艺完成后的步骤。号料需绘制特定船体构件的放大图，并借助模型板、模型杆或草图在钢板上标记放大的构件，并在其上做出标记，以便进行加工和制造。
The exact meaning of material marking is to draw an expansion of a certain hull member after the lofting workmanship, and mark the member expansion on steel plate with the aid of model plates, model rods or sketches, with the symbols for processing and fabrication marked out on it as well.
三、构件加工
process of hull members
根据加工方法，船体构件加工可分为冷加工和热加工，也可分为边缘加工和成型加工。
The workmanship for the processing of hull members may be classified into cold processing and hot processing, and might as well be divided into edge processing and shape processing according to the processing methods of the members.
图：板材弯曲和板材焊接
四、装配与焊接
fabrication and welding of hull
建造船体时，我们通常会将船体结构分为多个部件，这些部件被称为总段或分段，单独组装，然后在水平船台或倾斜船台上建造整体船体。
When building a hull, we will normally divide the hull construction into a number of components, which are termed as blocks or sections；they are assembled separately and then fabricated into an integral hull on a berth or a slipway.
五、密性测试
tightness test
船体整体建造完成后，将进行气密性测试，以检查焊缝是否存在泄漏的情况。根据规定，船体不同的部位需分别采用冲水、灌水、水压、油压、淋水、气密、煤油、油雾等试验法来进行测试。
Together with the completion of the whole integral hull construction, tightness test is to be carried out to check if there are any leakage in welding seams.
六、船舶下水
ship launching
下水是造船的关键环节，指船体建造完成后，将一艘巨大的船从其建造区移至水中。
Launching is really a key part in ship building. Ship launching is the process of moving a colossal ship from its buildings zone to water after the completion of hull construction.
