(English Version Below)
只有 32 个国家拥有专门打击校园暴力的全面法律框架。值此 “反对校园暴力和欺凌包括网络欺凌国际日”（11 月 7 日）之际，尤其是考虑到与性别有关的歧视和暴力的增加，联合国教科文组织呼吁更好地保护学生，使其免受身体、语言和心理侵害。
学生在学校中 © Charan Rattanasupphasiri
在学校，每个孩子都应该感到安全、被尊重和受到接纳，这样他们才能学习和发展。太多的学生仍然是暴力和欺凌的受害者。而在社交媒体时代，这些问题已不再局限于学校：它们出现在网络上，并被放大。这个国际日旨在激励大家共同努力，加大打击教育领域暴力和欺凌行为的力度。
—— 奥德蕾·阿祖莱
联合国教科文组织总干事
全世界每三名学生中就有一名学生说他们在一年中至少受到过一次人身攻击。每个月，每三名学生中就有一名受到欺凌。网络欺凌也越来越普遍，现在每十个孩子中就有一个受到影响。这些现象不仅对学生的学习，而且对他们的心理健康都造成了严重后果。遭受欺凌的学生患上严重孤独症、失眠症和自杀念头的几率是其他学生的两倍。
由于性别、性取向、社会经济地位和其他身份标志等原因，校园暴力对某些群体的影响尤为严重。女孩尤其容易受到影响：多达 25% 的少女遭受过基于性别的暴力，其中多达 40% 的事件发生在学校。
教科文组织为各国政府制定的路线图
教科文组织周三发布的新报告《安全学习与茁壮成长：制止教育中的暴力并通过教育消除暴力》强调了公共政策、标准和多部门合作在遏制这些现象方面发挥的重要作用——报告指出，只有 32 个国家（16%）拥有打击校园暴力的全面法律框架。
为了加强这方面的工作，教科文组织对近年来的情况进行了一次全球评估。教科文组织还向会员国发送了一套准则、一系列专题说明和教师指南，以打击校园中基于性别的暴力，并提出了关于应对校园欺凌的建议和关于教师关键作用的技术说明。
教科文组织提倡多方参与的方法，让学生、教师、家庭和整个当地社区都参与进来，以创造安全和相互尊重的学习环境。
支持世界各地区的项目
本组织支持许多将其建议付诸实践的实地项目，特别是通过 “与尊重相连 ”计划在非洲和亚洲开展的项目。该计划鼓励学生相互尊重，并向受害者提供求助渠道，从而帮助预防性别欺凌。在西非，教科文组织还培训了 20000 多名教育工作者，以营造无暴力的校园环境。
2024 年 10 月，教科文组织与法国和欧盟委员会共同启动了一个新项目，致力于法国学生的心理健康。该项目为期两年，旨在加强教育团队在这一领域的技能，并创建学生支持网络，将教师和教育工作者、卫生人员和社会服务机构联合起来。
同样关键的是，课程设计要确保教育内容倡导和平与尊重他人的价值观。这是教科文组织 194 个会员国一年前一致通过的《关于和平、人权与可持续发展教育的建议书》的目标。目前，教科文组织正在帮助会员国落实该建议书，使学校成为抵制仇恨言论和歧视的有效屏障，而仇恨言论和歧视始终是欺凌和排斥他人的根源。
教科文组织于2019年设立了 “反对校园暴力和欺凌包括网络欺凌国际日”。该活动于每年的第一个星期四举行。
了解更多：
2024 反对校园暴力和欺凌包括网络欺凌国际日：
https://www.unesco.org/zh/days/against-school-violence-and-bullying?hub=701
有关教科文组织工作的更多信息：安全的学习环境——预防和解决校园内外的暴力问题：
https://www.unesco.org/en/health-education/safe-learning-environments?hub=701
教科文组织报告《安全学习与茁壮成长：制止教育中的暴力并通过教育消除暴力》：
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000391797
Students in the school © Charan Rattanasupphasiri
At school, every child should feel respected, accepted and safe, so that they can learn and develop. Too many pupils are still victims of violence and bullying. And in the age of social media, these problems no longer stop at the school gates: they are present and amplified online. This International Day must spur a collective effort to step up the fight against violence and bullying in education.
—— Audrey Azoulay,
UNESCO Director-General
Nearly one pupil in three worldwide says they have been physically attacked at least once during the year. Every month, bullying affects one pupil in three. Cyberbullying is also increasingly widespread, now affecting one child in ten. These phenomena have serious consequences not only for learning, but also for the mental health of pupils. Victims of bullying are twice as likely to suffer from severe loneliness, insomnia and suicidal thoughts.
Violence at school disproportionately affects certain groups due to reasons of gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status and other identity markers. Girls are particularly vulnerable: up to 25% of adolescent girls experience gender-based violence, and up to 40% of these incidents occur at school. Worldwide, 42% of young lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people have been ‘ridiculed, mocked or threatened at school’, mainly by other students, because of their sexual orientation or gender identity.
UNESCO’s roadmap for governments
UNESCO's new report Safe to learn and thrive: ending violence in and through education, published on Wednesday, stresses the essential role played by public policies, standards and multi-sectoral cooperation in curbing these phenomena – pointing out that only 32 states (16%) have a comprehensive legal framework to combat violence in schools.
To reinforce efforts in this area, UNESCO produced a global asssessment of the situation in recent years. The Organization also sent its Member States a set of guidelines, a series of thematic notes and a guide for teachers to combat gender-based violence in schools, and has produced recommendations on bullying in schools and a technical note on the key role of teachers.
UNESCO promotes a multi-stakeholder approach, involving pupils, teachers, families and the local community as a whole, in order to create safe and respectful learning environments.
Supporting projects in all regions of the world
The Organization supports many projects on the ground putting its recommendations into practice, particularly in Africa and Asia through the Connecting with Respect programme. It helps to prevent gender-based bullying by encouraging pupils to treat each other with respect and showing victims where to turn for help. In West Africa, UNESCO has also trained more than 20,000 educators to create a violence-free school environment.
In October 2024, UNESCO launched a new project with France and the European Commission devoted to the mental health of schoolchildren in France. The two-year project aims to strengthen the skills of educational teams in this area and to create student support networks that bring together teachers and educators, health personnel and social services.
It is also key that curricula are designed in order to ensure that educational content promotes the values of peace and respect for others. This is the goal of UNESCO’s Recommendation on Education for Peace, Human Rights and Sustainable Development, unanimously adopted by its 194 Member States a year ago. UNESCO is now helping its Member States to implement it, so that schools can be an effective bulwark against hate speech and discrimination, which are always at the root of bullying and the rejection of others.
The International Day against Violence and Bullying in Schools, including Cyberbullying, was established by UNESCO in 2019. It is held every first Thursday in November.
2024 International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying:
https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-school-violence-and-bullying?hub=701
More information on the work of UNESCO: safe learning environments - preventing and addressing violence in and around school:
https://www.unesco.org/en/health-education/safe-learning-environments?hub=701
UNESCO report Safe to learn and thrive: ending violence in and through education:
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000391797
