《信使》| 新刊发布:重塑博物馆

健康   2024-10-29 18:04   北京  

 © Sylvie Serprix


重塑博物馆


博物馆过时了吗?屏幕让它们失去吸引力了吗?恰恰相反。博物馆的数量已从1975年的2.2万座增加到今天的近10万座。重磅展览几乎场场爆满,各大博物馆每年的参观人数都在不断刷新记录。


《艺术新闻》(The Art Newspaper)收集的数据显示,巴黎卢浮宫是参观人数最多的博物馆,2023年的参观人数超过880万,梵蒂冈博物馆、大英博物馆、纽约大都会艺术博物馆和韩国国立中央博物馆的参观人数排全球前列。越来越多的城市希望充分利用这些享有盛誉的场馆所带来的影响力。

短短几十年里,博物馆发生了深刻变革。在文艺复兴时期的欧洲,博物馆最初旨在向少数特权阶层展示王公贵族的收藏品,但后来变得更加民主。美术和历史早已不再是博物馆唯一的专业领域。为了吸引更多参观者,博物馆果断做出改变,积极利用数字技术,有时甚至从根本上改变了参观者的体验。

尽管在归还殖民时期所获文物的问题上仍存在激烈争论,但博物馆已然开始做出调整,以反映当下人们的关切,越来越多地为女性艺术家们举办展览,并根据当前的争论议题和原住民的需求修改策展方式。

在2024年,参观博物馆仍然是一种特殊的、广受欢迎的体验,无可媲美。


 © Catherine Leutenegger


此外,近年来博物馆也更多关注到残障人士平等参与文化生活的需求和权利博物馆作为文化教育机构,应为所有人提供平等的访问机会,然而,许多博物馆在为不同需求的观众提供无障碍设施和服务方面仍面临挑战。


2024年,在联合国残障人权利伙伴关系(UNPRPD)的支持下,联合国教科文组织东亚地区办事处在中国发起了“为残障人士构建无障碍博物馆”项目。作为该项目系列活动之一,联合国教科文组织和中国博物馆协会现公开征集中国博物馆在提升全民无障碍方面的创新实践案例,本次征集旨在发掘和推广全民无障碍博物馆的创新实践,促进博物馆行业的普惠性发展。


我们诚邀各类博物馆分享其为促进无障碍参观的政策和措施,受众包括但不限于残障人士、老年人、儿童、孕妇、临时性行动不便者、隐形残障人士、神经多样性人群以及其他有特殊需求的人群。本次征集活动为中国博物馆提供了一个展示其在无障碍服务方面创新举措的平台,同时也在全球范围内推广这些典范实践,以持续努力推进无障碍文化的发展。


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Reimagining museums



Are museums outdated? Have screens made them old-fashioned? Quite the opposite. The number of museums has risen from 22,000 in 1975 to nearly 100,000 today. Blockbuster exhibitions are almost always full and the major museums continue to break visitor records every year.


The Louvre in Paris tops the list, with no fewer than 8.8 million visitors in 2023, followed by the Vatican, the British Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the National Museum of the Republic of Korea, according to data collected by The Art Newspaper. And more and more cities want to make the most of the influence conferred by these prestigious venues.

It has to be said that in the space of just a few decades, museums have undergone a profound transformation. Originally created to present princely and royal collections in Renaissance Europe to a privileged few, museums have since become much more democratic. Fine art and history have long since ceased to be their only fields of expertise. To attract new audiences, museums have not hesitated to convert to digital technologies, sometimes radically transforming the visitor experience.

And even if heated arguments remain about the return of objects acquired during the colonial period, museums have adapted to reflect the concerns of the time, increasingly opening their exhibitions to women artists and revising their curatorial approach in the light of current debates, and the demands of indigenous populations.

In 2024, going to a museum is still a special, widely appreciated experience. There’s nothing quite like it.

Additionally, in recent years, more attention has been given to the persons with disabilities' needs and rights to participate in cultural life equally. As non-profit social service institutions providing public cultural services, museums are in a great position to provide services for every member of society.

In 2024, with the support of the United Nations Partnership on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNPRPD), the "Accessible Museums for Persons with Disabilities" project has launched in China. As a key activity under the project, UNESCO and Chinese Museum Association (CMA) are seeking innovative practices of universal accessibility among Chinese museums

We invite museums of all types to share existing policies and measures for enhancing accessibility for all visitors, including but not limited to persons with disabilities, elderly individuals, children, pregnant women, those with temporary mobility limitations, individuals with invisible disabilities, neurodivergent individuals, and anyone with special needs. This call will provide a platform for Chinese museums to demonstrate their innovative approaches to accessible services while promoting the good practices on a global level to continuously advance accessibility.

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联合国教科文组织
联合国教科文组织建立于1945年,使命为“于人之思想筑起保卫和平的屏障”。
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