Felicia Brittman通过编辑200多篇中国理工科研究生撰写的英文论文，观察和总结了一些最常见的语法错误和表达习惯问题。她在文章中对这些问题举例说明，并给出了示范文本和修改建议。
本系列基于Felicia Brittman的文章 The Most Common Habits from more than 200 English Papers written by Graduate Chinese Engineering Students （www.SciEI.com），将这些易错点一一道来，帮助JDIS用户避免这些问题，提高英语论文的写作水平。
第二节 超长句
超长句的常见问题
PART
01
1) 一个句子里有60个（含）以上的单词。
2) 一个句子里写了过多的观点，影响理解。
3) 将过多的数值和参数写进句子。
超长句在汉英写作中尤其常见，因为作者经常是直接将汉语翻译成英语。在中文写作中，多个次要观点可以放在一个句子中以表明它们之间的关系，但在英语中，一般情况下主要观点和次要观点会分别写成单独的句子。
人们通常可以从句子的长度（含有60个及以上的单词）来识别超长句。但是，有些长度较小的句子，如果包含了多个陈述而导致主要观点混淆，也可能太“长”了。将每个句子包含的主题数量限制为一个或两个，就可以避免长句子。当作者确实想强调观点之间的关系时，句中应该使用分号。
错误用法示例
PART
02
Too long：
According to the characteristic of fan-coil air-conditioning systems, this paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the heat transfer theories and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling named Cooling Metering on the Air side, which can monitor the individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the parameters of inlet air condition – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.
Correct：
This paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the characteristics of fan-coil air-conditioning systems and heat transfer theories, and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling called Cooling Metering on the Air-side. The new method can monitor individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the condition of inlet air – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of the inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.
Too long：
The gear transmission is grade seven, the gear gap is 0.00012 radians, the gear gap has different output values corresponding to any given input value, non linearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method, the existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used, the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.1
Correct：
The gear transmission is grade seven. The gear gap, which is 0.00012 radians, has different output values corresponding to any given input value. The non linearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method. The existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used; the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.
另一种常出现在技术类论文中的超长句是列表。作者想要给出大量数据(通常是参数值)，并将这些信息写成一个长达一段的句子。其实提供这种大量数据类信息的最佳方式是将其制成表格（将其放入带项目符号的列表中）。
Too long：
…where m is the mass of the heavy disk mounted at the mid-span of a massless elastic shaft, e is the eccentricity of the mass center from the geometric center of the disk, is the angle between the orientation of the eccentricity and the
axis,
and
are the stiffness coefficients in two principal directions of shaft respectively, c is the viscous damping coefficient of the shaft and the disk, ci is the inner damping coefficient of shaft,
is the rotating speed,
and
are the components of initial bend in directions of
，
axes respectively:
2
Correct：
Where
Too long：
The clear height of the case is 6.15 meters; the thickness of the roof is 0.85 meters; the thickness of the bottom is 0.90 meters, the overall width is 26.6 meters, the overall length of the axial cord is 304.5 meters, the length of the jacking section is about 148.8 meters; the weight of the case is about 24127 tons.3
Clear：
尾注：
1.REN ShaoYun, ZHANG JianWu, GAO ChangYun, ‘Modeling and Simulation Analysis of the Torsional Vibration of a FR Driveline System’, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2003
2.LIN Fushen, MENG Guang, ‘Dynamic Behavior of an Unbalanced and Warped Jeffcott Rotor with Asymmetric Stiffness’, The State Key Lab of Vibration, Shock and Noise Shanghai JiaotongUnversity, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China, Institute of Vibration Engineering Northwester Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710072, CHINA, 2003
3.DU Shouji, ‘Long Distance Box-bridge Jacking Research: Report of Starting Research’, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shijiazhuang Municipal Traffic Project Provided a loan by World Bank, Contract number: TA3.1.4, 2003
未完待续……
