最简版英语语法14:特殊规则
文摘
教育
2024-09-28 07:01
黑龙江
英文与中文一样,也有名词、动词、形容词等。唯一不同的是,中文没有冠词。英语句子成分也是主谓宾定状补等。一般名词作为主语、宾语,动词作为谓语。
在句法篇的最后一讲,会分别介绍:被动语态、倒装句、强调句、省略句、同位语。我吃饭,主语我是动作的执行者。饭被我吃了,主语饭作为动作的承受者。He is believed by us. 他被我们信任。注意,被我们信任,需要介词by接us。有些时候后面的人可以省略。He is believed. 他被人信任。He gave me a gift on my birthday.I was given a gift on my birthday. =A gift was given to me on my birthday.前者强调“我”,后者强调“礼物”。注意,后一句me前同样需要介词to。He makes me laugh. 他把我逗笑了。Laugh前其实有一个省略的to,改成被动语态,需要还原这个to。I was made to laugh (by him). 我被(他)逗笑了。This pen writes well. 这个笔写起来好用。This new book sells well. 这本新书卖得很好。We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.变成被动句后,at和to都没有省略,因为它和前面的动词是一个整体。所以,看起来会有两个介词在一起的情况。There goes our last chance. 这是我们最后一次机会了。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。Such is the power of insistence. 这就是坚持的力量。Under the table was lying a cat. 桌下躺着一只猫。这句话如果不是倒装,A cat was lying under the table.Not until yesterday did Tom change his mind. 直到昨天,汤姆才改变主意。这句话相当于Tom did not change his mind until yesterday. 只有助动词did提前,所以叫部分倒装。Not until yesterday是时间,问时间用when,这句话用疑问句是When did Tom change his mind?你发现了么?疑问句,其实就是助动词提前的部分倒装句。Only in the school can you learn well. 只有在学校你才能学得好。感叹句:How fast time flies! 天真蓝啊!What a nice day! 多美好的一天!比较句:The more you study, the more you know. 你学得越多,就知道的越多。让步状语从句:However carefully I explained, she still didn't understand. 无论我解释得多么仔细,她还是不明白。Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam. 虽然他很用功,但还是没及格。It was yesterday that I met her. 我是在昨天见到她的。这句话是强调昨天,你也可以强调宾语。比如It was her who I met yesterday. 我昨天见到的是她。It is...that...结构,可以强调句子中的任何部分,将需要强调的部分放在“It is”和“that”之间。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,千万要小心!I believe (that) you will succeed. 我相信你们会成功的。I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。I worked (for) 60 hours (in)last week. 我上周工作了60小时。I am busy (in) doing homework. 我忙着写作业。He made me (to) laugh. 他逗笑我了。(I) Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。Who (comes) next? 该(到)谁了?Are you ready? Yes, I am (ready). 你准备好了吗?我(准备)好了。What a smart boy (he is)! (他是)多么聪明的男孩。How (fast) time flies! 时光飞逝!When (he was) young, he went to school every day.他小时侯每天上学。No pains, no gains. 一分耕耘,一分收获。同位语,两个名词或名词短语,并列关系,后一个补充说明前者,一般用逗号隔开。My brother, John, is a doctor. 我的兄弟,约翰,是一名医生。The capital of France, Paris, is a beautiful city. 法国的首都,巴黎,是一个美丽的城市。同位语从句,就是把一个同位语的词,换成了一个句子。The news that he won the prize is true. 他赢得奖项的消息是真的。The thought that he might fail never occurred to him. 直译是:他会失败的想法,从没在他的头脑中出现。同位语从句的引导词一般是that,后面的从句进一步解释说明主语,使句子内容更丰富。1、特殊规则是从基本规则变换来的,你要先记住基本规则;2、为什么要特殊?是为了强调。被动、倒装都是为了强调;3、你强调什么,就把什么放在前面;什么不重要,就可以省略;4、特殊规则也是规则,同样要先建立框架,再积累具体的用法。到这里,句法篇就结束了。下一篇我们会回到词法篇,继续介绍其他一些词性。《最简版英语语法:开篇词》
《1:整体框架》
《2:名词》
《3:冠词》
《4:代词》
《5:介词》
《6:动词》
《主谓一致》
《动词时态》
《助动词》
《非谓语动词》
《复合句》
《独立主格》
《虚拟语气》