The Embden-Meyerhof Pathway. This pathway converts glucose and other sugars to pyruvate and generates NADH and ATP. In some bacteria, glucose is phosphorylated to glucose 6-phosphate during group translocation transport across the plasma membrane.
Embden-Meyerhof 途径。该途径将葡萄糖和其他糖转化为丙酮酸并产生 NADH 和 ATP。在一些细菌中，葡萄糖在跨质膜的群体易位转运过程中被磷酸化为葡萄糖 6-磷酸。
The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway. The Entner–Doudoroff Pathway is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose to ethanol and nets one ATP.
ED途径的主要特点是利用葡萄糖生成乙醇的过程中，不产生ATP，而是通过分解1分子的葡萄糖生成2分子的丙酮酸，并通过乙醛生成乙醇。
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Glucose 6-phosphate can be converted to a variety of sugars, and NADPH can be produced at the same time. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate can be used in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or converted to more fructose 6-phosphate.
磷酸戊糖途径。葡萄糖 6-磷酸可以转化为多种糖，并且可以同时产生 NADPH。甘油醛 3-磷酸可用于 Embden-Meyerhof 途径或转化为更多的果糖 6-磷酸。
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle. Cis-aconitate and oxalosuccinate remain bound to aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Oxalosuccinate has been placed in brackets because it is so unstable.
三羧酸循环。顺乌头酸酯和草酰琥珀酸酯仍与乌头酸酶和异柠檬酸脱氢酶结合。草酰琥珀酸盐被放在括号中，因为它非常不稳定。
The Mixed Acid Fermentation Pathway. This pathway is characteristic of many members of the Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli.
混酸发酵途径。该途径是肠杆菌科许多成员的特征，例如大肠杆菌。
The Butanediol Fermentation Pathway. This pathway is characteristic of members of the Enterobacteriaceae such as Enterobacter. Other products may also be formed during butanediol fermentation.
丁二醇发酵途径。该途径是肠杆菌科成员（如肠杆菌）的特征。丁二醇发酵过程中也可能形成其他产物。
Lactic Acid Fermentations. (a) Homolactic fermentation pathway. (b) Heterolactic fermentation pathways.
乳酸发酵。（a） 高乳酸发酵途径。（b） 异乳酸发酵途径。
The Calvin-Benson Cycle.
卡尔文-本森循环含有与戊糖磷酸循环共同的反应过程。另一方面也含有与戊糖磷酸循环相反的还原反应，所以称为还原型戊糖磷酸循环。在此循环中，当3分子的RuDP与3分子二氧化碳起反应就生成6分子的PGA，PGA被还原后最终再生出3分子的RuDP，新生1分子的丙糖磷酸。合算净生成的1分子的丙糖磷酸是还原3分子的二氧化碳生成的产物。
Aromatic Amino Acid Synthesis. The carbons arising from phosphoenolpyruvate (green) and erythrose 4-phosphate (red) are shown. The remaining carbons present in tryptophan are provided by 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and the amino acid serine. PRPP is also important in purine biosynthesis.
芳香族氨基酸合成。显示了由磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸（绿色）和 4-磷酸赤藓糖（红色）产生的碳。色氨酸中存在的剩余碳由 5-磷酸核糖基-1-焦磷酸 （PRPP） 和氨基酸丝氨酸提供。PRPP 在嘌呤生物合成中也很重要。
The Pathway for Purine Biosynthesis. Inosinic acid is the first purine end product. The purine skeleton is constructed while attached to a ribose phosphate.
嘌呤生物合成的途径。肌苷酸是第一种嘌呤终产物。嘌呤骨架是在附着在磷酸核糖上时构建的。
所有图片来源于：Willey, Joanne M., Kathleen Sandman, Dorothy H. Wood, and Lansing M. Prescott. 2023. Prescott’s Microbiology. Twelfth edition, International student edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
