形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面：
1. 形容词的比较等级；
2. 形容词词义辨析；
3. 形容词短语搭配；
4.形容词的比较级和最高级。
纵观近年各地市中考题，对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中，要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫，同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。
问
形容词和副词知识点精讲！
考向一：形容词和副词的句法功能和分类
一、形容词的分类
分类 | 说明 |
性质形容词 | 用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中，大量的形容词属于这一类别，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。 funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的 |
类别形容词 | 用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。 financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的 |
颜色形容词 | 用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。 blue蓝色的，green绿色的，white白色的 |
叙述形容词 | 这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。 afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的 |
分词形容词 | 英语中有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。 worried担优的，worrying令人担忧的，exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的 |
复合形容词 | 指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。 three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的 |
形容词的句法功能
成分 | 说明 | 例句 |
作定语 | 一般放在所修饰词的前面 | It’s a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。 |
作表语 | 放在系动词的后面 | He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。 |
做补足语 | 作主语或宾语的补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征 | I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。 |
作状语 | 主要表示原因、伴随或方式 | Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。 |
【知识拓展】 1. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。 Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗？ There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。 2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。 Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high. 去年，我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。 3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)→描绘性形容词→大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新、旧)形容词→颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。 【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。 a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌 her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋 those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶 更多例子： 1. She bought a beautiful small round wooden table.（她买了一张漂亮的小木圆桌。） - 限定词: a - 描绘性形容词: beautiful - 大小形容词: small - 形状形容词: round - 材料形容词: wooden - 名词: table 2. The large rectangular old metal safe is in the basement.（那大的长方形旧金属保险箱在地下室。） - 限定词: the - 描绘性形容词: (此处省略) - 大小形容词: large - 形状形容词: rectangular - 年龄形容词: old - 材料形容词: metal - 名词: safe 3. My two young energetic German Shepherds need a lot of exercise.（我的两只年轻有活力的德国牧羊犬需要大量的锻炼。） - 限定词: My, two - 描绘性形容词: energetic - 年龄形容词: young - 国籍形容词: German - 名词: Shepherds 4. The first few elegant tall Chinese porcelain vases were displayed in the museum.（前几个优雅高挑的中国瓷器花瓶在博物馆展出。） - 限定词: The, first, few - 描绘性形容词: elegant - 大小形容词: tall - 国籍形容词: Chinese - 材料形容词: porcelain - 名词: vases 5. That new red cotton summer dress looks stunning on you.（那件新的红色棉质夏装你穿上看起来很惊艳。） - 限定词: That - 年龄形容词: new - 颜色形容词: red - 材料形容词: cotton - 用途形容词: summer - 名词: dress | ||
二、副词的基本用法
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
►We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。
►He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。
►＂What happened?＂I asked, rather angrily. ＂发生什么事情了？＂我相当生气地问。
►In spring, I can see flowers everywhere.在春天，我到处都能看到花。
不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。
►Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？
►He will arrive before ten o’clock.（介词，before ten o’clock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。
副词的分类
副词按词汇意义可分为：
1. 时间副词：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still
1）表示发生时间的副词：
►It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！
2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。
►She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。
3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：
►He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
2. 地点副词：here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home
1）有不少表示地点的副词：
►She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。
2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：
①用作介词：Stand up!起立！
②用作副词：A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。
3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词：It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。
3. 方式副词：well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly
1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：
►How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。
2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：
►She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：
►He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
4. 程度副词：very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite
5. 频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never
6. 疑问副词：where, how, why
7. 否定副词：no, not, neither, nor
8. 其他副词：also, too, only
考向二 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化
一 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.规则变化
构成法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
单音节词末一般直接加er和est | great | greater | greatest |
单音节词以e结尾，只加r和st | brave wide | braver wider | bravest widest |
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加er和est | big hot | bigger hotter | biggest hottest |
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加er和est | happy | happier | happiest |
多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most | difficult expensive | more difficult more expensive | most difficult most expensive |
少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，加er和est | clever | cleverer | cleverest |
narrow | narrower | narrowest |
注意：
(1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以ow，er结尾的词。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。
2.不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good, well | better | best |
bad, ill | worse | worst |
many, much许多的 | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther距离远的 | farthest距离最远 |
far | further距离更远；程度更胜 | furthest距离最远；程度最深 |
old | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
注意：elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥)
考向三 修饰比较级和最高级的标志词和相关句式
一 比较级和最高级的标志词
(1)修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，even，far，by far (后置)，a lot，a little，a great deal，a bit, any等。
The students study even harder than before.
学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。
The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.
这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。
(2)最高级可用by far，almost，nearly，one of及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。
(3)比较级+than... (比......更......)
He rises earlier than anyone else in his class.
他比班里其他人都起得早。
(4)less+than 多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than... (不如......)
This book is less amusing than that one.
这本书不如那本书有趣。
(5)the+比较级+of (两者中更......的)
He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的。
(6)the+比较级+主语+谓语，the +比较级+主语+谓语（越......就越......）
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
你越认真，犯的错误就越少。
易混点：the +最高级，副词最高级前通常不用the .
Of all the mobile phones I like this one best.
在所有手机中，我最喜欢这个。
（7）“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……”
在“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词er＋and＋形容词/副词er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more＋形容词或副词原级”结构。
Things are getting better and better day by day.
情况正在一天天好起来。
It's becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job.
找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。
（8）否定词与比较级连用表示最高级
I have never heard a better voice.
我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。
易混点：
(1)类似用法的结构：can't/couldn't ... too＋adj./adv.＝can't/couldn't ... ＋adj./adv.＋enough 表示“无论……也不为过”。
（2）英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior, junior, superior, inferior等。
考向四 倍数表达法
ØA is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
ØA is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
ØA is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B
ØThe＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
考向五 形容词后缀、形容词变副词构词法
一 名词、动词加上后缀构成形容词
后缀 | 示例 |
名词+-y | health-healthy; noise-noisy; leaf-leafy; sun-sunny; rain-rainy; snow-snowy |
名词+-ful | power-powerful; peace-peaceful; beauty-beautiful; wonder-wonderful; help-helpful; faith-faithful; shame-shameful; thank-thankful |
名词+-less | care-careless; hope-hopeless; use-useless; wire-wireless |
名词+-ic | energy-energetic; base-basic |
名词+-en | wood-wooden；gold—golden; wool-woolen |
名词+-al/-ial | nation-national；education—educational；nature—natural |
名词＋ish | fool-foolish; self-selfish; boy-boyish; child—childish |
名词＋ous | danger-dangerous; courage-courageous; fame-famous |
名词＋ly | friend-friendly; order-orderly; day-daily |
名词/动词＋able | advise-advisable; comfort-comfortable; value-valuable |
动词＋ive | act-active; impress-impressive |
二 常用形容词前缀
前缀 | 示例 |
extra-超出，特别 | extraordinary非凡的；extra-large特大的 |
anti- 反；抗 | antinuclear反对使用核武的；anti-Japanese war抗日战争 |
un- 不，非 | unable不能的；unhappy不快乐的 |
in- 不，非 | inactive不活动的；inconvenient不方便的 |
im- 不，非 | impossible不可能的；impolite不礼貌的 |
ir- 不，非 | irregular不规则的；irresponsible无责任感的 |
il- 不，非 | illegal非法的；illogical不合逻辑的 |
non- 不，非 | nonviolent非暴力的；nonprofit非盈利的 |
三 形容词变副词规则
情况 | 构成 | 示词 |
一般情况 | 加ly | quick—quickly， |
以辅音字母 ＋y结尾 | 将y改为i 再加ly | easy—easily, happy—happily， heavy—heavily, busy—busily |
以le结尾 | 去e加y | simple—simply， |
以元音字母 ＋e结尾 | 去e加ly | true—truly |
以ll结尾 | 只加y | full—fully, dull—dully |
以ic结尾 | 加ally | basic—basically |
易错易混点:
以ly结尾的形容词
friendly友好的 lovely可爱的 lively精力充沛的
lonely孤独的 weekly每周的 daily每日的
deadly致命的 monthly每月的 yearly每年的
考向六 易混易错形容词和副词
1．既可作形容词又可作副词且有ly表抽象概念(有ly)的词
情况 | 形容词 | 副词（抽象含义） |
deep | 深的 The hole is deep.这个洞很深。 | 深地；在深处 He worked deep into the night.他工作到深夜。 |
deeply | 深深地；深刻地 He is deeply moved .他被深深地打动了。 | |
wide | 宽阔的；宽的 The river is 10 meters wide. | 关阔地；充分地 Open your eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。 |
widely | 广泛地 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被普遍应用。 | |
high | 高的 | 高；向高处He jumps high.他跳的很高。 |
highly | 高度地；非常 He is highly spoken of.他被高度评价。 | |
close | 近的；亲密的；仔细的 He is my close friend. 他是我关系很好的朋友。 | 挨着；接近 Stand close to the door.站的挨着门。 |
closely | 密切地 Listen closely.仔细地听。 |
问
真题练习题！
10 道与初中形容词&副词相关的中考真题：
1. （2024•安徽•统考中考真题）In summer, the trees we planted in the school are ________ with green leaves.
A. thick B. soft C. clear D. light
2. （2024•安徽•统考中考真题）—Your grandpa climbed the hills so ________ that I couldn’t keep up with him.
—He takes exercise every day.
A.quickly B. difficultly C. patiently D. differently
3. （2024•福建•统考中考真题）—Judy practices her oral English hard every day.
—So she does. She pronounces words ________ than before.
A clearly B. more clearly C. most clearly
4. （2024•福建•统考中考真题）David is really ________ after the 1000-meter race, so he has to take a rest.
A. worried B. bored C. tired
5. （2024•福建•统考中考真题）After a two-hour discussion, they ________ came to an agreement.
A. greatly B. finally C. specially
6. （2024•甘肃白银•中考真题） ________ but surely we’re making progress. Every small step forward brings us closer to our dream.
A. Happily B. Carefully C. Slowly D. Lively
7. （2024•甘肃白银•中考真题）The road is very ________ after the heavy rain. Drivers are warned to drive carefully to avoid accidents.
A. empty B. dangerous C. beautiful D. dirty
8. （2024•甘肃省临夏州•中考真题）—Lisa, would you like to come to my birthday party next Saturday?
—I’d love to, but I’m not ________. I’m busy preparing for the test.
A.available B. enjoyable C. believable D. comfortable
9. （2024•甘肃省临夏州•中考真题）Qomolangma is _________ mountain in the world.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest
10. （2024•甘肃省临夏州•中考真题）Science and technology are developing ________ in our country.
A. directly B. quickly C. seriously D. silently
10 道与初中形容词&副词相关的中考模拟：
1. （2024·北京·统考模拟）The weather in Beijing is ________ changeable these days. You'd better take an umbrella when you go out.
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
2. （2023·广东·统考模拟）The old man walks ________ slowly. We should help him cross the road.
A. much B. a little C. too D. quite
3. （2024·江苏·统考模拟）This kind of T-shirt is ________ popular this year. Many people like it.
A. especially B. nearly C. hardly D. extremely
4. （2023•浙江•统考模拟）This math problem is ________ difficult than the one I did yesterday.
A. much B. more C. most D. very
5. （2024•山东•统考模拟）He is ________ tired of all the people after the long walk.
A. the most B. more C. most D. very
6. （2023•湖南•统考模拟）This cake tastes ________ delicious than that one.
A. much B. more C. most D. very
7. （2024•四川•统考模拟）She sings ________ beautifully than anyone else in our class.
A. much B. most C. more D. very
8. （2023·河北·统考模拟）The room is ________ dirty. We need to clean it at once.
A. much B. a bit C. very much D. a lot
9. （2024·河南·统考模拟）He drives ________ carefully. He never has accidents.
A. always B. never C. seldom D. sometimes
10. （2023·安徽·统考模拟）The story is ________ interesting. We all enjoy it.
A. very B. so C. too D. quite
30 道与初中形容词&副词相关的日常练习题•：
轻松等级
1. This book is _______ than that one.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
2. She is _______ of the two girls.
A. taller B. the taller C. tallest D. the tallest
3. Who runs _______, Tom or Jack?
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
4. The weather today is _______ than yesterday.
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
5. This is the _______ film I have ever seen.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
6. My sister is _______ at English than me.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
7. He is _______ careful this time.
A. very B. too C. so D. quite
8. The flower smells _______.
A. nice B. bad C. well D. badly
9. The room is _______ big enough for us.
A. quite B. very C. too D. so
10. She sings _______ beautifully.
A. very B. too C. so D. quite
较难等级
11. Mary is _______ than her sister.
A. more outgoing B. most outgoing C. outgoing D. the most outgoing
12. This picture is _______ of the three.
A. the best B. better C. good D. the better
13. Which is _______, the blue one or the red one?
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
14. The city is getting _______.
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful
15. Tom is one of _______ boys in our class.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
16. My brother works _______ than I do.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
17. The food tastes _______. I don't like it.
A. bad B. well C. good D. badly
18. He is _______ busy to play with us.
A. very B. so C. too D. quite
19. The music sounds _______. I enjoy it very much.
A. loudly B. bad C. wonderful D. quietly
20. The dress is _______ expensive. I can't buy it.
A. too B. so C. very D. quite
困难等级
21. This is such a difficult problem that few students who are not good at math can work it out. The problem is _______.
A. easy B. difficult C. very difficult D. too difficult
22. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China which has a large population. It's _______ than many other cities.
A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. more big
23. Who is the most beautiful among the three girls, Lucy, Lily or Kate? Of the three girls, _______ is the most beautiful.
A. Lucy B. Lily C. Kate D. it's hard to say
24. The more you exercise regularly, the healthier you will be and the stronger you will become. The more exercise you do, the _______ you will be.
A. healthy B. healthier C. healthiest D. more healthy
25. This is the most interesting book I have ever read since I was a child. It's _______ than any other book I've read.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
26. My father is much busier than my mother because he has more work to do. My father is _______ my mother.
A. as busy as B. not as busy as C. busier than D. less busy than
27. The cake smells so good that I can't wait to eat it. The cake smells _______.
A. good B. well C.bad D. terribly
28. He is very tired after a long walk in the hot sun. He is _______ after the walk.
A. a little tired B. not tired C. very tired D. too tired
29. The room is too small for us to live in comfortably. The room is _______ for us.
A. big enough B. not big enough C. very big D. too big
30. She dances much better than her sister who has just started learning. She dances _______ her sister.
A. as well as B. not as well as C. better than D. worse than
问
高分技巧！
1.必须熟知每个知识点；
2.针对性练习；
3.强化练习：
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