双语字幕 Duodenum function 十二指肠的功能 This time, we're going to be talking about the duodenum.这节课，我们将讨论十二指肠。 So, essentially what we we’re going to be discussing here on this tutorial is the first part of or the first segment of the small intestine which you see here on this image of the anterior view of the abdomen where we removed a few structures including the stomach so you can see then see clearly here this segment that we're going to be exploring.总体而言，在这个教程中，我们将讨论小肠的第一部分或第一段，如腹腔前视图所示，我们去掉了胃等一些结构，所以，大家可以清楚地观察我们将学习的结构。 We're also going to be talking about a few structures that you see here around or nearby the duodenum so you can understand what's happening.我们也将讨论十二指肠周围或邻近的一些结构，方便大家更容易理解掌握。 Now, the first thing I want to say is that – as I mentioned – this is the first of the three segments of the small intestine and this initial portion of the small intestine is located between the stomach and the jejunum – the jejunum being then the other part or the continuation of the small intestine.现在，首先我将介绍，如我所说，这是小肠三段中的第一段，小肠的起始部分位于胃和空肠之间，而空肠是小肠的另一部分或延续部分。 This part measures about 20 to 25 centimeters in length and, in terms of functions, the main functions of the duodenum include that neutralization of acidic gastric juices, also mechanical processing and digestion of chyme, absorption of water and electrolyte and also nutrients, and mixing of bile and pancreatic enzymes to aid then in digestive – in the digestive – process.这部分长约 20-25 cm，至于功能，十二指肠的主要功能包括中和酸性胃液、机械加工和消化食糜、吸收水，电解质和营养物质，以及混合胆汁和胰腺酶来帮助消化过程。 Just to remind you here on this image, this is the image that we're going to mainly focus on this tutorial where you can then see this segment, the duodenum. We're going to be looking at the different structures of the duodenum.大家需要注意，在这个图片上，这节课我们将主要使用这张图片，大家可以看到这一段，十二指肠。我们将观察十二指肠的不同结构。 You can also see that it's cut here so we can see what is happening here on the mucosa. You also see here then a few layers of muscles that we're going to be looking at and a few other structures here that we're going to be highlighting including an organ here – the pancreas – that you see a part of.大家也可以看到，它在这里被剖开，这样我们可以看到黏膜。大家也可以看到一些肌肉层和一些其他结构，我们稍后会将这些结构，包括胰腺等器官突出显示，方便大家观察。 Now, in this tutorial, we will be then looking at the parts and segments of the duodenum including the mucosa, the muscle layers as we were talking about and then also the related arteries, veins and surrounding viscera or organs.言归正传，在本教程中，我们将介绍十二指肠的各个部分和节段，包括黏膜、前面提到的肌肉层，以及相关的动脉、静脉和周围的内脏或器官。 But first let's begin at the point where the duodenum begins here at this highlight, this is known as the pylorus.但首先，我们先来看一下十二指肠的起始部分，如突出显示部分所示，它就是所谓的幽门。 Now, the pylorus is the distal end of the stomach as you can also see here on this view – on this image – where you can see here the stomach and the pylorus highlighted and here is where then you'll find the duodenum.幽门是胃的远端，如这张图片所示，大家可以看到，这是胃和幽门（突出显示部分），这是十二指肠的位置。 So, as I said, this is the distal end of the stomach as you can see here also on the illustration and it connects to the stomach to the duodenum. This part contains a thickened ring of gastric circular muscle known as the pyloric sphincter which you can you also see clearly here on this image.如前所述，这是胃的远端，如图所示，它连接胃和十二指肠。幽门部包含增厚的胃环形肌，即幽门括约肌，大家可以在图片上清楚地看到。 So, on this image here on the bottom, you can see not only a cut of the stomach and a bit of the duodenum here but we can show you clearly here highlighted, the pyloric sphincter.在底部的图片上，大家不仅能看到胃的切面与部分十二指肠，也能清楚地看到幽门括约肌（见突出显示部分）。 相关单词学习
Duodenum
①发音和释义 du•o•de•num/ˌduəˈdinəm/n. 十二指肠 The first portion of the small intestine. 单词 duodenum由下列成分构成 duodeno- 十二指肠+um（后缀）表示场所和地点（图源：太帅图库）
《3D消化系统解剖学教程》（课时：16） 高清3D视频讲解食管，胃，肠道及其附属器官，腹膜腔，肠血供，腹腔动脉/躯干以及肠系膜上动脉等3D解剖学结构，实用价值和应用价值很高，可大幅提高学习和记忆效率。Learn to walk before you run. 循序渐进。戳“阅读原文”，查看全部视频课程
