在过去十年中，拉丁美洲在采用创新技术进行城市管理方面取得了显著进步，同时城市化进程也在迅速发展。这使拉丁美洲成为世界上城市化程度最高的发展中地区，估计有 80% 的拉丁美洲人生活在城市地区。
Over the past decade, Latin America has witnessed a remarkable advance in adopting innovative technologies for urban management, coinciding with rapid urbanisation. It has made it the most urbanised developing region in the world, with an estimated 80% of Latin Americans living in urban areas.
在全球范围内，智慧城市方法旨在通过整合收集数据的技术来解决城市问题，以便更好地管理资源和服务，从而确保更高的生活质量。在拉丁美洲，快速的城市化加上复杂的社会经济背景，给基础设施和城市服务带来了巨大压力。这引发了政府、企业、投资者和城市企业家对通过技术、可持续方法和以人为本的设计来寻找智能管理城市的新方法的日益浓厚的兴趣。
Globally, the smart city approach aims to address urban issues by integrating technologies that gather data to better manage resources and services, thereby ensuring a higher quality of life. In Latin America, rapid urbanisation coupled with a complex socioeconomic context has placed significant pressure on infrastructure and urban services. It has sparked increasing interest among governments, businesses, investors, and urban entrepreneurs in finding new ways to intelligently manage cities through technology, sustainable approaches, and people-centred design.
拉丁美洲的智慧城市建设方法
THE LATIN AMERICAN APPROACH OF SMART CITIES
该地区所面临的独特挑战有助于城市创新推动创造力和独创性，设计出新的架构，使智慧城市概念适应地区优先事项，使技术更加注重社会和人文。例如，虽然空中交通解决方案在圣保罗或墨西哥城等交通问题严重的城市广受欢迎，但与旨在改善公共交通系统（如扩大网络、电气化车队和提高可达性）、公民安全（改进监控系统、预测性警务和应急响应技术）或适应气候变化影响（灾害预防和管理）的举措相比，它们并没有获得同等程度的投资和公众关注。
The region’s unique challenges have helped urban innovation drive creativity and ingenuity in designing new architectures that adapt the smart city concept to regional priorities, giving technology a more social and human focus. For example, while aerial mobility solutions could be well-received in cities with significant traffic problems like São Paulo or Mexico City, they do not garner the same level of investment and public attention as initiatives aimed at improving public transportation systems (such as expanding networks, electrifying fleets, and enhancing accessibility), citizen security (improved surveillance systems, predictive policing, and emergency response technologies), or adapting to the effects of climate change (disaster prevention and management).
各地区面临的挑战多种多样，这就需要采取一种独特的方法，推动将城市发展作为优先事项的议程，并包含重要的社会内容，以确保这些举措能够被采纳、接受并长期持续下去。
The diverse landscape of regional challenges delineates a unique approach that pushes towards an agenda prioritising the development of cities with a vital social component to ensure these initiatives are adopted, accepted, and sustainable over time.
在这方面，通过在库里提巴（巴西）、梅里达（墨西哥）、波哥大（哥伦比亚）、圣地亚哥-德尔埃斯特罗（阿根廷）和圣地亚哥（智利）等城市举办智能城市博览会等活动，可以明显看出该地区对促进城市和创新讨论的浓厚兴趣。这些活动无疑激励人们采取行动，建设具有拉丁美洲特色的智能城市。
In this regard, the significant interest in the region in fostering discussions on urban cities and innovation is evident through events like the Smart City Expo, held in cities such as Curitiba (Brazil), Mérida (Mexico), Bogotá (Colombia), Santiago del Estero (Argentina), and Santiago (Chile). These events undoubtedly inspire action towards developing smarter cities with a Latin American touch.
促进创新和发展的金融架构
FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURES TO FOSTER INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
与欧洲不同，拉丁美洲通过南方共同市场开展的区域一体化进程缺乏同样的体制和经济稳固性。因此，该地区没有与欧盟资助的项目相当的项目来促进创新、科学、技术和智慧城市议程中的主题。在这种情况下，政府、私营企业和学术机构之间的联盟与合作对于开发智慧城市项目至关重要。这些合作有助于汇集资源和知识、推动创新和有效实施智能解决方案。
Unlike Europe, the regional integration process in Latin America through Mercosur lacks the same institutional and economic solidity. As a result, there is no regional equivalent to the European Union-funded projects that promote innovation, science, technology, and topics within the smart city agenda. In this context, alliances and collaborations between governments, private sector companies, and academic institutions become crucial for developing smart city projects. These collaborations facilitate pooling resources and knowledge, driving innovation and effectively implementing smart solutions.
其中一个例子是布宜诺斯艾利斯的 "创新公园"，该项目顺应了布宜诺斯艾利斯以知识和创新为重点的新的生产形态。它整合了公司、大学、科研机构、住宅、服务区和会议空间，促进了企业家、学生和研究人员的活动。这种协同作用吸引了人才和投资，并促成了与本地及全球创新型公共和私营机构的合作。这个新城区是第一个技术、教育和科学 HUB，涉及大学、研究中心、公司、住房项目、协同工作和共同生活空间。它还是拉丁美洲第一辆自动驾驶电动汽车的所在地。
One example is ‘Parque de la Innovación’ in Buenos Aires, a project that responds to the city’s new productive profile focused on knowledge and innovation. It integrates companies, universities, scientific institutions, housing, service areas, and meeting spaces, fostering activities for entrepreneurs, students, and researchers. This synergy attracts talent and investments and generates collaborations with innovative public and private institutions locally and globally. This new city district constitutes the first technological, educational, and scientific HUB, involving universities, research centres, companies, housing projects, coworking, and coliving spaces. It also hosts Latin America’s first autonomous electric vehicle.
另一个很好的例子是中美洲的巴拿马 Pacifico，它具有成为智慧城市的巨大潜力。它是拉丁美洲最重要的多功能开发项目，在可持续的环境中将人、企业和自然联系在一起，带来多重经济效益。凭借战略性的地理位置和远见卓识，它将自己定位为一个繁荣的环境，促进商业、创新、基础设施、流动性、可持续性、旅游业以及人类和社区发展等方面的区域发展。
Another excellent example is Panama Pacifico in Central America, which has great potential to become a smart city. It is Latin America’s most significant mixed-use development, connecting people, businesses, and nature in a sustainable environment with multiple economic benefits. With a strategic location and vision, it is positioning itself as a thriving environment for regional development in business, innovation, infrastructure, mobility, sustainability, tourism, and human and community development.
尽管拉美地区经常以欧洲和亚洲的智慧城市为榜样，但该地区也有值得一提的案例。库里提巴是最新 "智慧城市奖 "的得主，它展示了可持续城市规划的成果：建筑物与自然融为一体，而不是相反；在其他城市投资建设汽车基础设施时，库里提巴却将历史中心建成了步行街；创新交通系统，后来在全球数十个城市实施了快速公交系统（BRT）；摩天大楼的绿色外墙和屋顶节约能源；开展环保教育和市民培训；建立公园系统，优化城市排水系统，防止洪水泛滥--这些都是以自然为基础的解决方案。
Although Latin America often looks to European and Asian smart city examples, the region has noteworthy cases. Curitiba, the winner of the latest Smart City Award, demonstrates the results of sustainable urban planning: buildings that integrate with nature rather than the other way around, pedestrianisation of the historic centre when other cities were investing in car infrastructure, innovation in transportation systems with the BRT (bus rapid transit) later implemented in dozens of cities worldwide, green facades and rooftops on skyscrapers to save energy, environmental education, and citizen training, and the creation of a park system to optimise city drainage and prevent flooding—nature-based solutions.
通过社会城市主义，麦德林从 20 世纪 80 年代世界上最暴力的城市之一转变为城市恢复的典范，其标志性的干预措施包括连接最危险街区（第 13 区）和城市其他地区的自动扶梯。如今，它已成为全国最具创新精神的城市，推广绿色走廊，振兴麦德林河沿岸的公共空间（Proyecto Parques del Río）。目前，麦德林正在制定智慧城市战略计划，以继续创新。
Medellín, through social urbanism, transformed from one of the most violent cities in the world in the 1980s to a model of urban recovery with iconic interventions like the escalator connecting the most dangerous neighbourhood (Comuna 13) with the rest of the city. Today, it is the country’s most innovative city, promoting green corridors and revitalising public spaces along the Medellín River (Proyecto Parques del Río). It is working on its strategic smart city plan to continue innovating.
巴兰基亚是另一个例子。市政厅的 "Todos al Parque "计划和阿尔戈斯集团的投资改变了这座城市。这些树木改善了居民的福利，降低了犯罪率，促进了当地就业，并增强了城市对气候变化的适应能力。目前，93% 的居民居住在距离城市绿地步行八分钟的范围内。
Barranquilla is another example. The City Hall’s “Todos al Parque” plan and Grupo Argos’ investment have transformed the city. Its trees have improved residents’ well-being, reduced crime rates, boosted local employment, and enhanced the city’s climate change adaptation. Currently, 93% of residents live within just an eight-minute walk of an urban green space.
在哥伦比亚首都，"波哥大 2023-2032 年智能领土 "公共政策值得一提。该政策旨在将波哥大定位为全球智慧城市，并促进该地区各行为体和部门利用数据、技术和创新来解决问题和创造机会，从而提高人们的生活质量。
The public policy “Bogotá Smart Territory 2023-2032” is worth highlighting in the Colombian capital. It seeks to position Bogotá globally as a smart city and promote the use of data, technology, and innovation by actors and sectors of the territory to solve problems and generate opportunities that improve people’s quality of life.
用知识和资源增强社区的能力
EMPOWER COMMUNITIES WITH KNOWLEDGE AND RESOURCES
智慧城市项目要在该地区取得成功，公民的参与和承诺对于项目的接受和采用至关重要。因此，必须通过教育和宣传，消除人们对使用城市技术的恐惧和不信任，确保解决方案满足他们的实际需求，并让他们参与其中。
For smart city projects to be successful in the region, citizen participation and commitment are vital for their acceptance and adoption. Therefore, it is crucial to eradicate fear and mistrust in the use of urban technologies by educating and informing the community to ensure that the solutions meet their real needs and get them involved.
最近，巴兰基亚推出了 "城市实验室"。其主要目标是教育市民在当今互联和数字城市中如何与环境进行智能互动。在布宜诺斯艾利斯，"创新公园"（Parque de la Innovación）设有一个沉浸式中心，举办与科技相关的主题教育活动。
Recently, ‘Laboratorio de Ciudad‘ was introduced in Barranquilla. Its main goal is to educate citizens about interacting intelligently with the environment in today’s connected and digital cities. In Buenos Aires, ‘Parque de la Innovación’ hosts an Immersive Centre that holds educational events on topics related to science and technology.
设计智慧城市不是简单的复制和粘贴。这正是它的魅力所在。智慧城市议程需要全球思维和对城市发展趋势的认识，但也需要地方行动。集体智慧发挥着至关重要的作用，使每个地区都能根据其独特的现实和基因来调整这一方法。归根结底，是居民决定了城市的智慧。
Designing smart cities is not about making a simple copy and paste. That is precisely what makes it fascinating. The smart city agenda requires global thinking and awareness of urban trends, but it also demands local action. Collective intelligence plays a crucial role in enabling each region to tailor this approach to its unique reality and DNA. Ultimately, it is the inhabitants who define a city’s intelligence.
凭借包容性和可持续的方法以及极具创新精神的人才，拉丁美洲有潜力引领智慧城市革命。已经有证据表明了这一点。
With an inclusive and sustainable approach and highly innovative human talent, Latin America has the potential to lead the smart city revolution. There is already evidence of this.
作者 | Lucía Bellocchio
标题 | 《 THE MOMENTUM OF SMART CITIES IN LATIN AMERICA》
Tomorrow.Observatory | 明日观察#70
Tomorrow.Observatory | 明日观察#69
