2023 年，纽约市发生了 268 起电动自行车火灾，自 2021 年以来已造成 18 人死亡。这一统计数字只是电动自行车起火危险的一个标志。更具体地说，这一统计数字凸显了为这些自行车提供动力的锂离子电池所带来的危险。
In 2023, electric bikes were responsible for 268 fires in New York City, resulting in the deaths of 18 people since 2021. This statistic is just one indication of the danger posed by electric bikes catching fire. More specifically, this statistic highlights the dangers associated with the lithium-ion batteries that power these bikes.
这并非个例，随着城市道路上电动自行车数量的增加，火灾数量也在增加。为了解决这个问题，我们制定了安全措施，并对用户开展了宣传活动。
This is not an isolated case; as the number of electric bikes on city roads has increased, so has the number of fires. To tackle the problem, safety measures have been developed, and information campaigns for users have been launched.
电动自行车为什么会起火？
WHY DO ELECTRIC BIKES CATCH FIRE?
电动自行车起火是因为其锂离子电池含有易燃电解液，在过热、物理损坏或制造缺陷等特定条件下可能起火。事实上，这个问题也影响到电动滑板车。
Electric bikes catch fire because their lithium-ion batteries contain a flammable electrolyte that can ignite under certain conditions, such as overheating, physical damage, or manufacturing defects. In fact, this issue also affects electric scooters.
使用劣质充电器、错误地为电动自行车充电、电池超载、在极端温度下存放自行车或电池受到撞击都可能导致这一问题。问题是，电池爆炸引起的火灾极其猛烈，而且难以扑灭。
This issue may arise from using low-quality chargers, charging electric bikes incorrectly, overloading the battery, storing the bike in extreme temperatures, or subjecting the battery to impacts. The problem is that fires caused by exploding batteries are extremely violent and difficult to extinguish.
如何防止电池起火？
HOW CAN BATTERY FIRES BE PREVENTED?
根据 UL 研究所的一项研究，大多数电动自行车用户并不知道他们的自行车使用的是锂离子电池，也不知道相关的风险。他们不知道电动自行车起火会在 20 秒内吞噬和摧毁一个房间。这种意识的缺乏导致他们在给电池充电和使用不适当的材料时出错。
According to a study by the UL Research Institutes, most e-bike users are unaware that their bikes use lithium-ion batteries and the associated risks. They are unaware that a fire in an electric bike can engulf and destroy a room in less than 20 seconds. This lack of awareness leads to mistakes when charging batteries and using inappropriate materials.
为了防止电动自行车起火，已经发起了许多倡议。
With the aim of preventing e-bike fires, numerous initiatives have been launched.
这些举措包括批准监管标准，如创建电池质量认证以及电池和电动自行车的正确储存指南。
These initiatives include the approval of regulatory standards, such as the creation of certifications endorsing the quality of batteries and guidelines for the proper storage of batteries and electric bikes.
建立安全的公共充电区，并对其进行监控，以防止过载。
The creation of safe public charging areas that are monitored to prevent overloads.
开展了用户宣传活动，教育公众正确使用电池，同时还编制了电动自行车维护指南。
User information campaigns have been launched to educate the public on the correct use of batteries, along with the creation of guides for the maintenance of electric bikes.
技术的进步推动了对更安全替代品的研究。
Advancements in technology are driving research into safer alternatives.
城市如何防止电动自行车火灾？
WHAT CAN CITIES DO TO PREVENT ELECTRIC BIKE FIRES?
由于电动自行车电池引发的火灾不断增加，一些城市正在采取措施防止此类事件的发生。
Due to the rise in fires caused by electric bike batteries, some cities are adopting measures to prevent these incidents.
纽约
New York
2023 年 9 月，第 39 号地方法律获得批准，规定电动自行车必须符合保险商实验室制定的 UL 2849 安全标准。该法律禁止销售不符合这一规定的自行车。此外，还批准安装 170 个安全的公共充电站。针对用户的宣传活动也在进行中，同时还开展了应急服务培训计划，教消防员如何扑灭这些火灾。
In September 2023, Local Law 39 was approved, mandating that electric bikes must comply with UL 2849 safety standard, developed by Underwriters Laboratories. This law bans the sale of bikes that do not comply with this regulation. Additionally, the installation of 170 secure public charging stations was approved. Awareness campaigns targeting users are also being conducted, along with training programs for emergency services to teach firefighters how to extinguish these fires.
伦敦
London
虽然伦敦不是欧盟的一部分，但它遵守欧洲关于电动自行车要求的 EN 15194 法规。伦敦定期对商店进行检查，以核实只有经过认证的自行车才能出售，并对自行车进口制定了严格的控制措施。伦敦消防队更新了其指南，提出了在家庭中安全充电和存放电动自行车电池的建议。
Although London is not part of the EU, it adheres to the European regulation EN 15194 for electric bike requirements. Regular store inspections are conducted to verify that only certified bikes are sold, and stringent controls on bike importation have been established. The London Fire Brigade has updated its guidelines with recommendations for safely charging and storing electric bike batteries in households.
阿姆斯特丹
Amsterdam
作为街道上自行车数量最多的城市之一，美国对电动自行车的销售和使用实施了严格的规定，强制要求符合欧洲安全标准。他们还制定了锂电池回收计划，以确保废旧电池得到安全、可持续的管理。城市消防部门更新了电池充电和储存指南，并对居民楼内的充电点进行检查。
One of the cities with the highest number of bikes on its streets has implemented strict regulations for the sale and use of electric bikes, mandating compliance with European safety standards. They also have lithium battery recycling programs to ensure that used batteries are managed safely and sustainably. The city’s fire services have updated their guidelines on charging and storing batteries and conduct inspections on charging points in residential buildings.
马德里
Madrid
在马德里，电动自行车执行欧洲 EN 15194 安全标准，锂电池执行 UN38.3 标准，并对商店进行检查，以确保符合这些规定。市议会发起了关于使用原装充电器重要性的宣传活动，并向用户分发了关于如何正确充电和维护电动自行车的指南。市议会目前正在安装安全充电站。
In Madrid, European EN 15194 safety standards for e-bikes and UN38.3 for lithium batteries are enforced, with inspections conducted in stores to ensure compliance with these regulations. The City Council has launched awareness campaigns on the importance of using original chargers and distributes guides to users on how to charge and maintain electric bikes properly. The City Council is currently in the process of installing safe charging stations.
巴塞罗那
Barcelona
在巴塞罗那，禁止销售不符合欧洲安全标准的电动自行车和电池。在停车场和公共区域安装了充电点，以降低火灾风险，同时还在制定住宅楼充电管理条例。
In Barcelona, the sale of electric bikes and batteries that do not comply with European safety standards is prohibited. Charging points have been installed in car parks and public areas to reduce the risk of fires, and regulations are being developed to govern charging in residential buildings.
巴伦西亚
Valencia
在巴伦西亚，所有出售的电动自行车都必须符合欧洲安全标准。该市在居民楼和商业楼内建立了安全的公共充电站网络，所有充电站都配备了消防安全系统。
In Valencia, all electric bikes sold must comply with European safety standards. The city has a network of safe public charging stations in residential and commercial buildings, all equipped with fire safety systems.
作者 | Elvira Esparza
标题 | 《 E BIKE FIRES ARE ON THE RISE, SPARKING A NEED FOR IMPROVED CONSUMER EDUCATION》
Tomorrow.Observatory | 明日观察#67
Tomorrow.Observatory | 明日观察#66
