房颤丨医学英语视听学习

Atrial Fibrillation

房颤

Your heart is a muscle that works continuously, much like a pump. Each beat of your heart is set in motion by an electrical signal from the sinoatrial node, also known as the SA node. The SA node is in the right atrium, one of the two upper chambers of your heart. 

人体心脏是一种持续运转的肌肉泵。心脏的每一次跳动由窦房结（SA结）发出的电信号启动。SA 结位于右心房，右心房是人体心脏上方的两个腔室之一。

The electrical signal spreads across the cells of your heart's right and left atria. This signal causes the atria to contract and pump blood through the open valves from the atria into both ventricles. The signal arrives at the atrioventricular node, also known as the AV node, near the ventricles. Here it slows for an instant to allow your heart's right and left ventricles to fill with blood. 

电信号传导至心脏右心房和左心房的细胞。该信号引起心房收缩，并通过打开的瓣膜将血液由心房泵入两个心室。信号到达心室附近的房室结（AV结）。此时，信号传导速度瞬间减缓，使右心室和左心室充满血液。

During atrial fibrillation, the atria contract very rapidly and irregularly. This happens when the electrical signal begins in a different part of the atrium than the SA node. Abnormal electrical signals tend to begin in the left pulmonary veins rather than in the SA node. Atrial fibrillation also can happen if the signal is conducted abnormally. 

心房颤动期间，心房非常迅速且不规则地收缩。电信号起始于心房的不同部分，而非SA结时即发生房颤。异常电信号往往起始于左肺静脉，而非 SA 结。电信号传导异常也可能引起房颤。

The abnormal electrical signal causes the walls of the atria to quiver rapidly, or fibrillate, instead of contracting normally. As a result, the atria don't work efficiently and don't pump all their blood into the ventricles. 

异常电信号会引起心房快速颤动，而不是正常收缩。这样，心房便无法有效地工作，无法将所有血液泵入心室。

If all the blood does not flow into the ventricles, the blood that remains, pools in the atria. If blood pools in the atria, clots can form. This increases the risk of stroke because part of a clot can break off and travel to the brain. During atrial fibrillation, the ventricles continue to contract from the heart's electrical activity. 

如果血液未完全流入心室，则剩余的血液在心房集聚。心房积血，形成血栓。血栓可能脱落并随血液流入大脑，这样会增加中风风险。心房颤动期间，心脏电活动促使心室继续收缩。

However, the abnormal electrical signal traveling from the atria through the AV node make the ventricles beat faster than normal. As a result, the ventricles don't pump blood efficiently. This can lead to heart failure, a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. 

然而，异常电信号自心房传导，通过AV结，促使心室较正常情况更快速地跳动。这样，心室便不能有效地泵血，诱发心衰--心脏无法泵出足够血液满足人体需求的疾病。

In patients with atrial fibrillation, there are two main therapeutic strategies. Whichever strategy is chosen, it is very important to carefully assess and control the patient's blood clot and/or stroke risk with appropriate blood thinners. 

房颤患者有两种主要的治疗策略。无论选择何种策略，仔细评估并选用合适的血液稀释剂控制患者的血栓，或中风风险都非常重要。

Heart rate control strategies where atrial fibrillation is accepted and the therapeutic goal is to control the heart rate. Here the options are either medications or a pacemaker. Heart rhythm control strategies to prevent atrial fibrillation and where the therapeutic goal is to maintain normal heart rhythm. Here the options include anti-arrhythmic drugs or catheter ablation which can be curative. 

房颤患者可接受心率控制策略，治疗目标是控制心率。这种情况可选用药物或起搏器。心律控制策略可用于预防房颤，治疗目标是维持正常心律。这种情况可选用抗心律失常药物或导管消融治愈房颤。