法洛四联症丨医学英语视听学习

Tetralogy of Fallot: Animation Explains Heart Defect and Repair

法洛四联症：动画解读心脏缺陷及其修复

The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's is dedicated to the unique needs of its patients. One of the conditions the center supports is tetralogy of fallot. 

全美儿童心脏中心致力于为每位儿童提供最优质的医疗服务。该中心主治的其中一种疾病为法洛四联症（tetralogy of fallot）。

Tetralogy of fallot is a heart defect made up of four heart problems. It results in cyanotic or blue babies. The four heart problems are ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular hypertrophy. 

法洛四联症是一种心脏缺陷，由四种心脏疾病组成。它会导致婴儿发绀或呈青紫色。这四种心脏疾病为室间隔缺损（ventricular septal defect），主动脉骑跨（overriding aorta），肺动脉狭窄（pulmonary stenosis）以及右心室肥大（right ventricular hypertrophy）。

A ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart called the ventricles. The hole allows oxygen-rich blood to mix with oxygen-poor blood. 

室间隔缺损指心脏下方的两个腔室壁，即心室壁之间出现孔洞。这样，富氧血液将通过孔洞与缺氧血液混合。

Normally the aorta attaches to the left ventricle which pumps oxygen-rich blood through it.

正常情况下，主动脉与左心室相连，而左心室负责泵出富氧血液。

In an overriding aorta, the aorta has moved forward directly over the hole between the ventricles. This allows oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle to flow into the aorta. 

主动脉骑跨指主动脉直接向前移动至心室间的孔上。这样，右心室内的缺氧血液将流入主动脉。

Pulmonary stenosis means that the blood vessel going to the lungs called the pulmonary artery is narrowed and the pulmonary valve doesn't open all the way. As a result, less blood reaches the lungs. 

肺动脉狭窄指通向肺部的血管，即肺动脉，变得狭窄，肺动脉瓣未完全打开。因此，流入肺的血液会更少。

These heart problems cause the baby to be blue because the heart pumps less oxygen-rich blood to the body. 

这些心脏疾病会导致婴儿呈青紫色，因为心脏向全身泵送的富氧血液较少。

Right ventricular hypertrophy means the wall of the right ventricle is thicker than normal. This happens because the right ventricle has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed pulmonary valve. 

右心室肥大指右心室壁较正常心室壁厚。这是肺动脉瓣狭窄，致使右心室更用力泵送血液导致的。

Treatment for tetralogy of fallot may include temporary and complete surgical repair procedures. 

法洛四联症的治疗方案可能包括临时以及完全外科修复术。

Sometimes a child is not ready for a complete repair right away. In this case, a temporary repair called a shunt can be placed until a complete repair can be done. The shunt improves oxygen levels in the blood. 

有些婴儿无法立即行完全修复术，此时，需要植入分流管进行暂时修复，以期后期行完全修复治疗。分流管可以改善血液的氧气水平。

During this procedure, the surgeon will place a tube called a shunt between a branch of the aorta and the right pulmonary artery. The shunt will provide another path for blood to get to the lungs to pick up oxygen. 

术中，医生将在主动脉分支和右肺动脉之间植入分流管。分流管将成为血液进入肺部，获取氧气的另一种途径。

Instead of a shunt, another temporary procedure can be done. In this procedure, a device called a stent is placed in the narrow area to allow more blood to flow to the lungs. 

除分流管外，我们还可以行另外一种临时手术，即在狭窄区域植入支架，使更多血液流向肺。

Most patients have a complete repair at four to six months of age. 

大多数婴儿在4~6个月时行完全修复术。

If the main pulmonary artery is too small, it will be widened with a patch. If the pulmonary valve is too small, it may be widened with a patch called a transannular patch. 

如果主肺动脉太狭小，则医生将使用补片扩宽；如果肺动脉瓣过于狭小，则使用跨环补片扩宽；

If the narrowing is below the pulmonary valve, the surgeon will remove some of the heart muscle in this area. This improves the flow of oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. 

如果狭窄部位位于肺动脉瓣下方，医生将切除该区域的部分心肌。这将促进来自右心室的缺氧血液流向肺。

To fix the ventricular septal defect, the surgeon will cover the hole with a patch. The patch prevents the mixing of oxygen poor blood with oxygen-rich blood. As a result, only oxygen-rich blood flows out of the aorta to the body from the left ventricle.

修复室间隔缺损时，医生将使用补片覆盖孔洞。补片可以预防缺氧血液与富氧血液混合。因此，仅富氧血液自左心室泵入主动脉，然后流向全身。