双语字幕 Innervation of the heart 心脏的神经支配 And, on this tutorial, we’re going to be using this image here of the open thorax where you see the heart and a lot of these yellow structures which are representing the main nerves of the heart and also other surrounding structures.在这个教程中，我们将使用这张开放胸腔的图片，如图，我们可以看到心脏和许多这些黄色的结构，它们是心脏的主要神经，以及其他的周围结构。 On this tutorial, we’re going to be talking about afferent and efferent fibers, also parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers.在本教程中，我们将讨论传入和传出神经纤维，以及副交感神经和交感神经纤维。 It is important when we look at the anatomy of your heart to also known in detail the nerves that innervates this really important structure because these nerves are responsible for maintaining and regulating the heart rate as well as the force of each contraction.我们在学习心脏解剖学时，也需要详细了解支配心脏的神经，这非常重要，因为这些神经负责维持和调节心率，以及每次收缩的力。 The first thing we need to know about the innervation of the heart is that both afferent and efferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system contribute to the heart’s overall innervation and, 关于心脏的神经支配，首先我们需要知道，自主神经系统的传入和传出神经纤维都有助于心脏的整体神经支配，另外， as a reminder, afferent fibers will be carrying nerve impulses or sensory information from the receptors in the sensory organs to then the central nervous system, while efferent fibers will carry impulses from the central nervous system to then the effector organ.注意，传入神经纤维将神经冲动或感觉信息，从感觉器官的受体传递到中枢神经系统，而传出神经纤维则将脉冲从中枢神经系统传输到效应器官。 A very good way I use to remember the difference between afferent and efferent nerve fibers is to use this simple mnemonic. So, afferent – A – they arrive, and efferent – E – for exit.我记忆传入和传出神经纤维之间区别的非常好用的方法是使用简单的记忆术。Afferent（传入） – A – arrive（到达），efferent（传出） – E – exit（离开）。 This simple mnemonic can help you remember that afferent nerve fibers are carrying impulses towards the CNS or the central nervous system while the efferent nerve fibers carry impulses away from the CNS to then the effector organs.这种方法能够帮助大家记忆，传入神经纤维向中枢神经系统（CNS）传递脉冲，而传出神经纤维则从中枢神经系统（CNS）向效应器官传递脉冲。 Let’s carry on and talk about the autonomic fibers.我们继续讨论自主神经纤维。 The innervation of your heart is derived mostly from the cardiac plexus – as you can see this structure here highlighted in green – and the cardiac plexus is formed by cardiac nerves which then carry both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.心脏的神经支配主要来源于心神经丛（见绿色显示的结构），而心神经丛由心脏神经形成，然后心脏神经携带交感神经和副交感神经纤维。 As you can also see here on this image that the cardiac plexus is located just in front of the bifurcation of the trachea – as you see here this is the trachea – and it bifurcates right here where then you find the cardiac plexus.如图，我们也可以看到，心神经丛恰好位于气管分叉前，看这儿，这是气管，它在这儿分叉，然后大家可以找到心神经丛。 Now, as for the function, the nerve fibers from the cardiac plexus function to innervate the electrical conducting system of the heart, also the atrial and ventricular myocardium as well as the coronary vasculature.现在来看它的功能，心神经丛发出的神经纤维能够支配心脏的电传导系统，心房肌和心室肌，以及冠脉血管系统。 As I mentioned earlier, the cardiac plexus is made up of both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.如前所述，心神经丛由交感神经和副交感神经纤维组成。 相关单词学习
Bifurcation
①发音和释义 bi•fur•ca•tion/ˌbɪfərˈkeɪʃən/n. 分叉 A division into two branches. 单词 bifurcation由下列成分构成 bi-（前缀）二+furc(a) 分岔处+-ation（后缀）表示一种状态或过程（图源：太帅图库）
《心脏病学及心电图解读》（课时：49） 3D动画讲解心脏病基础知识，如心脏的功能和解剖、心脏传导系统和与心电图的关系、电图解读、心律失常等，内容偏基础，适合医学生巩固心脏病基础知识；课程发音清晰（播音员级别），语言自然流畅，对内科医生提升医学英语听力和口语也会非常有帮助。Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps. 知识只能循序渐进，不能跃进。戳“阅读原文”，查看全部视频课程
