心脏病发作治疗（手术+用药）丨医学英语视听学习

Heart Attack

心脏病发作

If you have recently been treated for a heart attack, a condition caused by a blockage of blood flow to your heart muscle. This video will help you understand the condition and its treatment.

如果近期曾接受心脏病发作（一种由心肌血流受阻引发的疾病）治疗，本视频将有助于您了解心脏病发作及其治疗方法。

Your heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood containing the oxygen and nutrients your body needs. The main pumping chamber of your heart is the left ventricle. When your left ventricle contracts, it sends oxygen-rich blood to your body through a large artery called the aorta. 

心脏是一种泵送人体所需的富氧血液和营养物质的肌肉器官。左心室是心脏的主要泵血腔。左心室收缩时，通过主动脉将富氧血液输送到全身。

Connected to your aorta are small arteries called coronary arteries. Blood flows from your aorta through the coronary arteries to supply your heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.

与主动脉相连的小动脉称为冠状动脉。血液从主动脉流出，通过冠状动脉，为心肌供给氧气和营养物质。

During your heart attack, blood flow through one of your coronary arteries may have been severely reduced or completely blocked. Your reduced blood flow may have been caused by a buildup of a fatty substance called plaque in your coronary arteries. If this plaque became disrupted, a blood clot might form and severely worsen the narrowing or lead to a sudden complete blockage, stopping blood flow down the artery.

心脏病发作期间，流经某一条冠状动脉的血液可能大幅减少或冠状动脉完全堵塞。冠状动脉内形成的脂肪斑块可能是血流减少的原因。斑块脱落后可能形成血栓，导致冠状动脉更加狭窄，或完全阻塞，从而阻断血流。

A blockage in your coronary arteries prevented the oxygen and nutrients in your blood from reaching the part of your heart supplied by the artery. As a result, heart muscle in that area started to die. Damage to part of your heart muscle is called a heart attack. It's also known as a myocardial infarction or MI.

冠状动脉堵塞后，血液中的氧气和营养物质难以到达由动脉供给的心脏区域。这样，该区域的心肌开始死亡。部分心肌损伤称为心脏病发作，也称心肌梗死或MI。

Your heart doctor may have recommended a procedure to help open the blockage and improve blood flow to the damaged area. The procedure you had may have been a coronary angioplasty. 

医生可能建议通过手术，疏通堵塞的冠状动脉，改善流向受损区域的血流。可行的手术方案为冠状动脉血管成形术。

During a coronary angioplasty, a balloon tipped catheter inflates inside your blocked coronary artery to open it. The procedure may have involved placing a stent to help prop the artery open. This is usually a thin metal mesh that acts as a scaffold. 

手术期间，球囊导管在堵塞的冠状动脉内膨胀，撑开血管。术中可能需要植入支架来维持血管打开。支架通常是一种具有支撑作用的细金属网。

Or you may have had a coronary artery bypass graft(CABG).

另一种手术方案为冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）。

CABG is a surgical procedure in which the blocked areas of the coronary arteries are bypassed with veins or other arteries from the body. Before you left the hospital, your healthcare provider most likely prescribed several medications. 

CABG是一种外科手术，通过静脉或其他动脉绕过冠状动脉的堵塞区域。出院前，医生很可能开具几种药物。

Your medication may include the following: oral antiplatelet therapy helps prevent platelets from sticking together and forming new blood clots. You may have also received drugs called beta-blockers that help lower your heart rate and blood pressure. Drugs such as angiotensin converting enzyme or ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or ARBs and calcium channel blockers also work to lower your blood pressure if needed.

这些药物包括：

口服抗血小板治疗--有效预防血小板粘合在一起，从而形成新的血栓；

β受体阻滞剂--降低心率和血压；

必要时，也可应用血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂，血管紧张素受体阻滞剂（ARB）以及钙离子通道阻滞剂等降低血压。

And you may have been prescribed statins, along with a low-fat diet to lower your cholesterol. These drugs work by reducing the amount of cholesterol made in your liver. It is important to stay on your medications as your physician prescribed even if you are feeling better. Do not go off your medication unless the healthcare professional that prescribed them tells you to.

此外，医生可能会推荐他汀类药物，辅以低脂饮食来降低胆固醇。这些药物通过减少肝脏中的胆固醇含量发挥作用。即使病情好转，也需按医生处方服药。医生建议停药前，请务必继续用药！