【仁爱礁专题】中菲仁爱礁摩擦的历史与现实（二）

The Philippines’ Premeditated Warship Aground Incident

20世纪70年代前，菲律宾的法律对其领土范围有明确限定，没有涉及南海岛礁。但自20世纪70年代起，菲律宾先后侵占南沙群岛的马欢岛、费信岛、中业岛、南钥岛、北子岛、西月岛、双黄沙洲和司令礁等8个岛礁，将中国南沙群岛部分岛礁宣布为所谓“卡拉延岛群”，并曾多次提出“坐滩战略”的构想。

Before the mid-1970s, the laws and maps of the Philippines clearly defined its territorial scope, without involving any islands and reefs of Spratly Islands. However, since the 1970s, the Philippines has successively occupied 8 islands and reefs among the Spratly Islands, including Nanshan Island, Flat Island, Thitu Island, Loaita Island, Northeast Cay, West York Island, Loaita Cay and Commodore Reef. It has declared some islands and reefs among the Spratly Islands as separate, the so-called “Kalayann Island Group”, and put forward the idea of strategically running ships aground as ‘pre-built’ naval bases many times.

1999年5月9日，菲律宾海军“马德雷山号”坦克登陆舰驶往仁爱礁，菲律宾政府声称“船底漏水”，不得已“坐滩”在该礁西北侧礁坪，中方当即提出严正交涉，要求菲方拖走该军舰。菲方多次明确承诺拖走在该礁非法“坐滩”的军舰，但24年过去了，菲方不但未拖走该军舰，还企图对其大规模维修加固，并通过外交声明等方式试图将“坐滩”行为解读为对岛礁领土的“实际占领”。此后，菲律宾不顾中方一再劝阻和警告，多次企图向非法“坐滩”军舰运送用于大规模维修加固的建筑物资。近期，菲律宾国家安全委员会发言人乔纳森·马来亚更是宣称，“坐滩”行为是菲律宾“主动占有该浅滩”,并明确表示，菲律宾没有也永远不会同意放弃对仁爱礁的主权权利和管辖权。

On May 9, 1999, the Philippine Navy’s tank landing ship BRP Sierra Madre sailed towards Second Thomas Shoal. Claiming that “water leaks from the bottom of the ship”, the Philippine government declared it had to run aground on the northwest side of the shoal. China immediately made solemn representations and demanded the immediate removal of that ship. Though the Philippines has repeatedly made clear commitments to tow the illegally grounded ship away from the shoal, the past 24 years have witnessed not only lack of fulfilment but also multiple attempts to carry out large-scale repairs and reinforcement, aiming at disguising their underhand behavior as an actual occupation of the shoal’s territorial sovereignty by diplomatic statements and other means. Despite repeated dissuasions and warnings from China, the Philippines kept attempting to transport construction materials for large-scale maintenance and reinforcement of the illegally grounded ship. Recently, the spokesman of the Philippine National Security Council, Jonathan Malaya, even announced that the grounding was the Philippines’ “occupation of the shoal” and the Philippines has not and will never agree to relinquish its sovereignty and jurisdiction over Second Thomas Shoal.

值得注意的是，菲国防部还曾计划将“仁爱礁模式”照搬到中沙群岛黄岩岛，但由于菲律宾政府内部不同意见及中方事先采取预防性措施而不得不作罢。

It is worth noticing that the Philippine Department of National Defense also planned to copy the “Second Thomas Shoal Model” on Scarborough Shoal of Macclesfield Bank. The plan ended up being aborted due to divergence within the Filipino government and China’s precautions.

“坐滩”行动不等同于“实际占领仁爱礁”，菲律宾“坐滩”并进行加固的行为，严重违反《南海行为宣言》“不抢占新的无人岛礁”的相关规定。

The intentional grounding of a ship cannot be equivalent to the physical and permanent occupation of Second Thomas Shoal. The Philippines behavior’s, particularly the illegal grounding and attempts to reinforce a temporary position seriously violates the provisions of “not seizing new uninhabited islands and reefs” in the DOC (Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea).

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视频原链接：

https://youtu.be/jVh096RbYKs
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