女性生殖道解剖丨医学英语视听学习

Uterus and ovaries

子宫与卵巢

In this tutorial, we will be looking at these structures you can see on this particular image which is a coronal view of the vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries stretched out.

在这个教程中，我们将学习这张特殊图像上的结构，它是阴道、子宫、输卵管和卵巢的展开冠状面。

And these organs that you're looking at are the internal organs of the female reproductive tract, and we'll have a look at their structure and function as well as their supporting structures. And along the way, we'll also talk about any clinically relevant information in regards to these structures.

大家现在看到的是女性生殖道内的器官，我们将介绍它们的结构和功能，及其支撑结构。同时，我们也将讨论与这些结构相关的临床相关知识点。

So, first, let's just begin with a little bit of an introduction to the function of the female reproductive system.

首先，我们来介绍女性生殖系统的一些功能。

And the female reproductive system is responsible for several functions. The first of which is producing the eggs necessary for reproduction which we'll talk a little bit more about later.

女性生殖系统有许多功能。第一个功能是产生生殖所需的卵子，我们稍后会略做探讨。

It's also responsible for facilitating or creating the environment in which reproduction can occur  and, finally, it's also responsible for producing the female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle and play a direct or indirect role elsewhere in the body.

它也促进或创造生殖发生的环境，最后，它也负责产生维持生殖周期所需的女性性激素，并在身体其他部位发挥直接或间接的作用。

So, in this slide, we're going to have a look at the structures of the female reproductive tract in detail. And the first internal structure we will look at is the vagina which is highlighted in green on this slide.

因此，我们将详细介绍女性生殖道内的结构。我们将学习的第一个内部结构是阴道，如幻灯片绿色高亮区域所示。

And the vagina is also known as the birth canal as the baby passes from the uterus through this passage during labor. 

阴道，也称产道，因为分娩期间，胎儿从子宫，通过阴道娩出。

And the vagina is a particularly multitasking organ as it has multiple roles and these roles include the facilitation of menstruation, childbirth and sexual intercourse. The vagina also plays a significant role in human female sexuality and sexual pleasure. 

阴道是具有多种功能的器官，因为它发挥许多作用，包括参与月经、分娩和性交过程。阴道也在女性性行为和性快感中起重要作用。

Structurally, the vagina is a fibromuscular tube roughly 8 to 10 centimeters long across the posterior wall and about 7.5 centimeters across the anterior wall.

从结构上看，阴道是后壁长约 8-10 cm，前壁长约 7.5 cm的纤维肌管。

And, now, we're going to zoom in a little bit to get a closer look at our vagina.

现在，我们放大图像，来更清楚地观察我们的阴道。

And as you can see here, part of the structure superior to the vagina in this image known as the uterus protrudes into the vagina. And to come back to our structures and their relationships to one another, the recess that is formed between the cervix and the vaginal wall is known as the vaginal fornix.

如大家所见，图中阴道上面的部分结构称为子宫，它伸入阴道。我们来看一下这些结构及它们之间的关系，宫颈和阴道壁之间形成的陷凹称为阴道穹隆。

And although this fornix is continuous, it is sometimes divided into an anterior fornix, posterior fornix and lateral fornix.

阴道穹隆虽是连续的，但它有时分为前穹窿、后穹窿和两侧穹窿。

And now let's move on to our uterus. And the uterus also known as the womb also has several functions. The most important of which include its role as a host for the development of a fetus during gestation.

现在，我们继续看子宫。子宫也称子房，它也有许多功能，其中最重要的是在怀孕期间作为胎儿发育的场所。

The uterus also provides vaginal and uterine secretions and allows sperm to pass through the uterine or fallopian tubes in order to fertilize an egg.

子宫也产生阴道和子宫分泌物，它能够使精子通过子宫或输卵管与卵子授精。

• 子宫是一种梨形肌肉器官，长8cm；

• 由宫颈、子宫峡部，宫体和宫底组成；

• 子宫壁由外向内依次为浆膜层、肌层和粘膜层；

• 韧带有子宫骶韧带和子宫阔韧带（分为3 部分:输卵管系膜、卵巢系膜、子宫系膜）；

• 子宫下端接阴道，前面是膀胱，后面是直肠，两侧是输卵管和卵巢；

• 子宫提供阴道和子宫分泌物，使精子穿过输卵管与卵子结合，为胎儿提供机械保护、营养支持，并清除子宫内的废物。