人工取精受孕丨医学英语视听学习

Sperm Retrieval for Conception

人工取精受孕

If a man has trouble getting a woman pregnant, he may have a condition known as infertility. His doctor may recommend a procedure to collect his sperm so it can be used to help him father a child. 

如果某男性难以使女性受孕，则称其患有不孕症。医生可能建议通过手术取精，帮助他孕育孩子，成为父亲。

The male reproductive system includes the testicles, also known as testes, which are two glands in a up pouch of skin called the scrotum. 

男性生殖系统包括睾丸，睾丸是位于称为阴囊的皮肤袋内的两个腺体。

The testicles normally produce and store reproductive cells called sperm. The scrotum is outside the body, which keeps the testicles cool enough to make sperm. Connected to each testicle, is a mass of coiled tubes called the epididymis. Each epididymis stores immature sperm while they continue to develop. 

睾丸通常产生和储存生殖细胞--精子。阴囊位于身体外部，保持睾丸处于最易产生精子的适宜温度。左、右睾丸分别与一团称为附睾的螺旋管相连。附睾储存不成熟的精子，精子在附睾内继续发育。

During sex, sperm travel through a tube attached to the epididymis, called the vas deferens, to another to called the ejaculatory duct. 

性交过程中，精子通过连接附睾的管--输精管，进入另一个管--射精管。

There, sperm mix with fluid from two glands, called seminal vesicles, as well as the prostate gland. Now called semen, this fluid mixture exits the man's body through the urethra, the tube inside the penis that usually carries urine. 

然后，精子在射精管内，与来自两个精囊腺，以及前列腺的液体混合。现在，这种混合液称为精液，它们通过阴茎内通常携带尿液的管道--尿道，排出男性的身体。

If a man has sex with a woman, this process called ejaculation, deposits semen in her vagina. 

如果男性与女性发生性行为，这一过程称为射精，即将精液沉积在女性的阴道内。

Semen contain tens of millions of sperm. From the vagina, the sperm in the semen can travel to and fertilize an egg from the woman's body. Fertilization of the egg marks the beginning of human development during pregnancy. 

精液中含有数千万精子。精液中的精子通过阴道，使女性体内的卵子受精。卵子受精标志着怀孕期间人类个体的发育。

Sperm retrieval and collection are usually performed for a condition called azoospermia where a man has no measurable amounts of sperm in his semen. 

精子提取和收集通常适用于无精子症患者，即男性精液中没有可测量的精子量。

There are two types of azoospermia. 

无精子症可分为两类。

The first type, called obstructive azoospermia, occurs when the pathway of sperm out of the body is blocked. The second type of azoospermia, called non-obstructive azoospermia, occurs when the testicles produce little or no sperm. 

第一类称为阻塞性无精子症，是精子排出体外的通道阻塞。第二类是非阻塞性无精症，即睾丸几乎不产生或没有精子。

There are several procedures to remove fluid from a testicle or an epididymis to see if it contains healthy sperm. 

我们可以采取许多方法，从睾丸或附睾内取出液体，检查其中是否含有健康的精子。

During percutaneous procedures, sperm are removed through the skin of the scrotum without making an incision. 

经皮手术期间，医生通过阴囊皮肤取精，无需做切口。

For example, during a Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration, or PESA, the surgeon will insert a syringe into the epididymis through the skin. Fluid from inside the epididymis will be drawn into the syringe. 

例如，在经皮附睾穿刺精子抽吸术（PESA）过程中，医生通过皮肤，将注射器插入附睾；通过注射器抽吸附睾内的液体。

Or, during a Testicular Sperm Aspiration, or TESA, the doctor will insert a syringe into the testicle through the skin. Fluid from inside the testicle will be drawn into the syringe.

或者，在经皮睾丸精子抽吸术（TESA）期间，医生通过皮肤，将注射器插入睾丸；通过注射器抽吸睾丸内的液体。

If the fluid contain sperm, it can be saved for a later procedure to fertilize an egg. 

如果液体内含有精子，可以将其储存起来，用于之后的卵子受精手术。

If the fluid retrieved through a percutaneous procedure doesn't contain any sperm, an open sperm retrieval procedure may be done to find other areas in the epididymis or testicle more likely to contain sperm. 

如果经皮手术取出的液体中不含有任何精子，可以行开放式取精手术，筛查附睾或睾丸中更可能含有精子的区域。

In any of the open procedures, the surgeon will begin by making an incision in the scrotum. The testicles and epididymis will be pulled through the skin incision and another incision will be made in the outer tissue covering the epididymis and testicle. 

在任何开放式手术中，医生都将首先切开阴囊；通过皮肤切口，拉出睾丸和附睾，然后切开附睾和睾丸表面的外部组织。

During an Open Fine Needle Aspiration, the surgeon will insert a needle into several areas of the epididymis. Each time the needle is inserted, fluid will be removed. 

在开放式细针穿刺抽吸术中，医生将针插入附睾的多个区域，每次插入针时，都取出液体。

During a Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration, or MESA, the surgeon will use an operating microscope to get a magnified view of the epididymis. 

在显微外科附睾精子抽吸术(MESA)中，医生将使用手术显微镜获取附睾的放大视野。

The surgeon will make a tiny incision in the thin tissue covering the epididymis to reveal the coiled tubes inside. 

医生将在附睾表面的薄组织上做微小切口，暴露内部的螺旋管。

Then a tiny, hollow tube, called a micropipette, will be used to puncture one or more of the coiled tubes and remove fluid from inside it. 

然后，使用称为微量吸管的微小空心管穿刺 1 或多 个螺旋管，取出内部的液体。

After removing the fluid, the tissue covering the epididymis will be closed with sutures. 

取出液体后，使用缝线缝合附睾表面的组织。

Another open procedure is called Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction, or microTESE. 

另一种开放式手术称为显微外科睾丸精子提取术（Micro-TESE）。

In this procedure, the surgeon will make a small incision in the tissue covering the testicle instead of the epididymis. 

手术过程中，医生将在睾丸（不是附睾）表面的组织上做小切口。

Next, the surgeon will use an operating microscope to look at the tiny tubes inside of the testicle. A tissue sample of the tubes most likely to contain healthy sperm will be removed. The sample will be examined under a microscope to see if it contains healthy sperm. 

接下来，医生将使用手术显微镜观察睾丸内的小管；取出最可能含有健康精子的小管组织样本；在显微镜下观察样本是否含有健康的精子。

If no sperm are found, more samples will be removed, and examined. Once sperm are found, the tissue sample will be stored for later use.  

如果没有发现精子，则采集更多的样本。如果发现精子，则储存组织样本，以备日后使用。

Then, the tissue covering the testicle will be closed with sutures. 

然后，缝合睾丸表面的组织。

After all of these open procedures, the surgeon will close the tissue covering the epididymis and testicle with sutures. 

在所有这些开放式手术后，医生将使用缝线缝合附睾和睾丸表面的组织。

Finally, the skin incision in the scrotum will also be closed with sutures. The collected sperm will allow a man to father a child through intracytoplasmic sperm injection. 

最后，也需要缝合阴囊上的皮肤切口。医生可以将收集到的精子，通过单精子卵胞浆显微注射，实现男性孕育孩子的愿望。

During this procedure, a sperm cell will be injected directly into a woman's egg to fertilize it. 

单精子卵胞浆显微注射期间，将精细胞直接注射入到女性的卵子，使其受精。

If the collected sperm are not use right away, they can be frozen for use at a later date.

如果收集到的精子不能立即使用，可以冷冻起来，以便日后使用。