摘要来源：
https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X231224662
译员：深蓝猫猫侠
一校：郭嘉恩
二校：kenda
编辑：百可事乐
摘要
目的
本研究旨在比较曲马多、美沙酮和吗啡作为健康猫选择性卵巢子宫切除术术前镇痛剂的镇痛效果，以及对生理变量和行为的影响。
方法
将进行卵巢子宫切除术的猫随机分组，接受以下其中一种术前用药肌肉注射：美沙酮（0.2mg/kg；n=10）；吗啡（0.2mg/kg；n=10）；或曲马多（3mg/kg；n=10）。麻醉诱导使用丙泊酚，维持麻醉使用异氟醚。比较各组间手术期间心率、动脉血压、呼吸频率、呼末异氟醚浓度和补救镇痛（芬太尼2.5µg/kg）的频率。术后镇痛使用UNESP-Botucatu多维综合疼痛量表进行评估，并评估围术期血清葡萄糖、皮质醇浓度和术后补救镇痛。
结果
在手术期间，76.5%的猫在某个时刻需要补救镇痛，27%的猫在拔管后最多6小时内需要术后补救镇痛。关于手术期间和术后补救镇痛、疼痛量表得分和呼末异氟醚浓度，各组间没有显著差异。在术后拔管后的即刻，大多数患者出现低温；然而，在术后1-6小时内，大多数患者观察到高温，这在曲马多组中最为常见。
结论与临床相关性
在本研究的条件下，美沙酮、吗啡和曲马多为大多数接受卵巢子宫切除手术的猫提供了满意的术后镇痛，效果持续至术后6小时。但大部分病例的术中镇痛效果不足。未发现与使用这些药物相关的显著的心血管或呼吸系统影响。研究中所有的阿片类药物术后均出现高热，曲马多组的发生率更高。
关键词：美沙酮、镇痛、吗啡、卵巢子宫切除术、曲马多
原文：
Comparison of analgesic efficacy of tramadol, morphine and methadone in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and the effect on physiological variables and behavior of the use of tramadol, methadone and morphine as preoperative analgesia in healthy cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.
Methods
Cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy were randomly assigned to receive one of the following premedication treatments intramuscularly: methadone (0.2 mg/kg; n = 10); morphine (0.2 mg/kg; n = 10); or tramadol (3 mg/kg; n = 10). Induction of anesthesia was done with propofol, and maintenance of anesthesia was done with isoflurane. Intraoperative heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, end-tidal isoflurane concentration and frequency of rescue analgesia (fentanyl 2.5 µg/kg) were compared between groups. Postoperative analgesia was assessed using the UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale, and perioperative serum glucose, cortisol concentrations and postoperative rescue analgesia were evaluated.
Results
Intraoperative rescue analgesia was required in 76.5% of cats at some time during surgery, and 27% of cats required postoperative rescue analgesia up to 6 h after extubation. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to intraoperative and postoperative rescue analgesia, pain scale scores and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations. In the immediate postoperative period, after extubation, most of the patients presented with hypothermia; however, 1–6 h postoperatively, hyperthermia was observed in most of the patients, and was most common in the tramadol group.
Conclusions and relevance
Under the conditions of this study, methadone, morphine and tramadol produced satisfactory postoperative analgesia in most of the cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, and the effects lasted up to 6 h postoperatively. Intraoperative analgesia was not sufficient in most cases. Significant cardiovascular or respiratory effects contraindicating the use of these drugs were not found. Postanesthetic hyperthermia occurred with all opioids studied and was more frequent in the tramadol group.
