猫的自发排卵：兽医教学机构中的母猫发生率
摘要来源：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1098612X241248351
一校：刘玲
二校：郭嘉恩
摘要
目的
方法
结果
结论与临床相关性
根据我们的研究结果以及之前的文献，母猫自发排卵的发生率始终≥30%，因此应将猫视为一种既可以自发排卵又可以诱导排卵的物种，而非仅仅是诱导排卵动物。由于这些自发排卵的母猫更容易出现孕酮依赖性疾病（如囊性子宫内膜增生-子宫蓄脓综合征、猫乳腺肥大），兽医应对此有所了解，并向繁殖者和客户提供相应的建议。
通俗总结
交配时，公猫阴茎上的尖刺会刺激母猫的阴道，使其排卵，因此猫被视为诱导排卵动物。如果没有接触公猫而发生排卵，则为自发排卵。人们认为有多种因素会促进这种非诱导排卵，但对其相关性尚未达成共识。本研究旨在估算前往兽医护理机构就诊的各种品种的未绝育母猫的自发排卵发生率，并评估年龄、品种、体重、公猫或其他发情母猫的存在以及与人类的身体接触等因素对诱发自发排卵的影响。此外，还评估了孕酮暴露可能带来的影响。
在2020年1月至2023年6月期间，我们对意大利帕多瓦大学兽医教学医院接诊的成年发情母猫血清中的孕酮水平进行了回顾性检测。如果无公猫接触史且孕酮水平超过2.0 ng/ml即为自发排卵。在29只猫中，有9只（31%）发生了自发排卵，其中一只在青春期（6个月大）时就自发排卵，这是有史以来首次报道的青春期母猫自发排卵案例。
由于在本研究和之前关于这一主题的文献中猫自发排卵率均超过30%，因此我们建议将猫视为既能自发排卵也能诱导排卵的物种。由于自发排卵的动物经历了更多的黄体期，因此这些母猫更容易患上孕酮依赖性疾病，兽医应对此有所了解，并向繁殖者和客户提供相应的建议。
原文：
Spontaneous ovulation in the cat: incidence among queens presented at a veterinary teaching facility
摘要来源：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1098612X241248351
Abstract
Objectives
The queen is recognised as an induced ovulator. Ovulation without male contact is generally regarded as spontaneous. The aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the incidence of spontaneous ovulation in a population of intact queens presented to a veterinary care facility for both reproductive and non-reproductive reasons. The secondary objective was to determine the roles of age, breed, body weight, presence of tom cats or other cycling queens, and physical contact with humans on triggering spontaneous ovulation, along with its implications.
Methods
Serum samples from post-pubertal intact queens presented between January 2020 and June 2023 to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Padova, Italy, were retrieved and assayed for progesterone (P4) levels. Serum P4 above 2.0 ng/ml without a history of male contact was considered as proof of spontaneous ovulation.
Results
In total, 31 serum samples from 29 intact post-pubertal queens were obtained. Of the 31 samples, 14 had a P4 concentration above 2.0 ng/ml and 9/29 (31.0%) queens ovulated spontaneously. The mean age and weight of the nine spontaneously ovulating queens were 4.3 ± 5.7 years and 3.7 ± 0.8 kg, respectively. One queen ovulated spontaneously at her first heat at 6 months of age, which makes it the earliest spontaneous ovulation reported.
Conclusions and relevance
As both our findings and previous publications indicate that the incidence of spontaneous ovulation in queens is consistently ⩾30%, cats should not be considered strictly induced ovulators, but as a species in which ovulation can be either spontaneous or induced. Since the risk of progesterone-dependent conditions (cystic endometrial hyperplasia – pyometra complex, feline mammary hypertrophy) is increased in these queens, veterinarians should be aware and advise breeders and clients accordingly.
Plain language summary
Female cats ovulate upon vaginal stimulation exerted by the spikes of the male’s penis while mating, which makes them induced ovulators. When ovulation occurs without male contact, it is considered spontaneous. There are several factors that are thought to facilitate this non-induced ovulation, but no consensus on their relevance. The aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the rate of spontaneous ovulation in a population of intact female cats of various breeds presented to a veterinary care facility, as well as the influence of factors such as age, breed, body weight, presence of male cats or other cycling females, and physical contact with humans on triggering spontaneous ovulation. In addition, possible implications arising from progesterone exposure were assessed.
Progesterone was retrospectively assayed in the serum of adult cycling female cats presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Padova, Italy, between January 2020 and June 2023. Values above 2.0 ng/ml without a history of male contact were considered proof of spontaneous ovulation. Out of 29 cats, nine (31%) ovulated spontaneously, with one female having done so at puberty (6 months of age), which makes it the first spontaneous ovulation ever reported in a pubertal queen.
As spontaneous ovulation has been found to occur at a rate of more than 30% both in our and in previous publications on this topic, we propose that cats should be considered both an induced and a spontaneously ovulating species. Since animals that ovulate spontaneously, and therefore experience additional luteal phases, are at a higher risk of developing progesterone-dependent conditions, veterinarians should be aware and advise breeders and clients accordingly.
