这个词组是最近做全国九五高中协作体2025届高三联考（九五联考）英语试题B篇中看到的
Real - time water quality monitors are being installed（安装） at wild swimming spots and beaches across southern England to help people assess their immediate risk of getting ill from polluted water. This initiative follows a successful pilot study at Warleigh Weir near Bath, where an AI - based system accurately predicted high bacterial（细菌） levels 87% of the time.
Wessex Water is installing sensors at three freshwater sites in Dorset, Somerset and Hampshire. Rather than measuring bacteria directly, it infers when levels of E coli or enterococci are high, by analyzing data from real - time sensors placed upstream, that measure pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonia.
One of the systems the company tested was an AI - based approach developed by the UK-based startup UnifAI Technology. During an initial training period of about six months, river water samples are repeatedly tested for bacteria levels, and the AI learns to correlate these with patterns in the sensor data. After this period, members of the public are given access to a convenient app that gives half - hourly predictions on bacteria levels in the river, and issues a water - quality warning when bacterial levels are likely to be high.
The campaign group River Action UK broadly welcomed the technology. “We need the environmental regulators to use pollution data as evidence of malpractice（渎职） to strengthen enforcement of the law and hold polluters to account. Only when it becomes less expensive to obey the law than breaking it will we see the necessary investment in maintaining and upgrading sewage（污水） treatment works,” said River Action’s chief executive, James Wallace.
Meanwhile, Southern Water is testing a different monitoring approach at coastal sites, with plans to extend the system to Hayling Island soon. This research involves using algorithms（算法） to estimate bacteria levels based on light scattering. Although these sensors have been in the water for about a year, they’ re still in the development phase and not yet providing that data to the general public.
"hold sb. to account" 这个短语可以翻译为“追究某人的责任”或“让某人负责”。这个表达通常用来说明某人或某个组织应该对其行为或决策承担后果，尤其是在他们的行为导致了不良后果或违反了规定、法律时。
The company's board of directors is responsible for holding the CEO to account for any unethical business practices. （公司董事会负责追究首席执行官任何不道德商业行为的责任。）
The media plays a crucial role in holding politicians to account for their promises and actions. （媒体在追究政治家对其承诺和行为的责任方面扮演着关键角色。）
After the accident, the safety committee held the manager to account for not following proper safety protocols. （事故发生后，安全委员会追究了经理未遵守适当安全协议的责任。）
The parents demanded that the school hold the teacher to account for the child's injuries. （家长们要求学校追究教师对孩子受伤的责任。）
The community is holding the corporation to account for the environmental damage caused by their operations. （社区正在追究该公司因其运营造成的环境破坏的责任。）
The shareholders are holding the board to account for the company's financial losses. （股东们正在追究董事会对公司财务损失的责任。）
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