自 2004 年国际海事组织与国际劳工组织联合数据库建立以来,海员遗弃问题逐渐浮出水面,引起国际社会的广泛关注。据国际劳工组织统计,截至目前已记录了 1145 起遗弃事件,涉及 16569 名海员,这一数字背后是无数海员的悲惨遭遇。
数据来源:ILO/IMO 关于遗弃海员的联合数据库回顾历年数据,2011 - 2016 年,每年报告的海员遗弃案件数量稳定在 12 至 19 起之间。但从 2017 年开始,案件数量开始增加。到了 2020 年,受新冠疫情影响,案件数更是逐年激增,2023 年已达到 142 起。然而经统计, 2024 年这一数字再次飙升至 310 起,相较于 2023 年增长了 118%,比十年前高出近 2000%,创下历史最高纪录。在已记录的事件中,案件解决情况也并不乐观。已解决的仅有 644 起,仍有 210 起存在争议,178 起尚未解决,另有 113 起案件悬而未决。值得注意的是,自 2017 年 1 月 18 日《2006 年海事劳工公约》2014 年修正案生效后,虽对海员遗弃案件的财务担保做出规定,但联合数据库收到的遗弃案件报告仍多达 876 起。海员遗弃问题的不断恶化,背后有着复杂的原因。新冠疫情的爆发无疑是一大催化剂,打乱了全球航运业的正常秩序,船员换班困难重重,进一步加剧了海员被遗弃的风险。同时,影子船队的持续扩张也成为问题恶化的重要因素。影子船队中的船只,尤其是那些运载受制裁石油且处于最低限度监督下作业的船只,其运营的不规范性为海员遗弃事件埋下隐患。此外,悬挂 “假船旗” 的船舶数量增加,使得监管难度加大,船东得以钻法律空子,肆意抛弃海员。当船东未能履行支付工资、承担遣返费用或提供基本生活保障等责任时,海员便陷入被遗弃的困境。他们被困在船上,无法回家,基本生存需求难以得到满足,身心健康遭受极大摧残。同时,不乏有船东为追逐利益最大化,恶意抛弃船舶及船员,尤其是在老旧船舶价值低于所欠船员工资和遣返费用,以及船舶运营中突发重大安全或环境污染事故,或陷入长时间民事经济纠纷时,易发生海员遗弃事件。种种事件不仅是对海员人权的严重侵犯,也对整个航运业的声誉造成了毁灭性打击。航运业的良好形象被这些虐待行为掩盖,公众对其信任度大幅下降,更不利于年轻人加入海员和行业留住在职海员,进而威胁航运业的可持续发展。另一方面,被遗弃的船舶可能会遭到滞留,占用港口资源,影响营运效率,给港口国带来财政负担的同时还可能带来安全和污染风险。而港口国出于风险的考量,也可能间接导致被遗弃海员难以遣返,如拒绝允许被遗弃的海员离开船舶,或拒绝协助安排替换或看守船员,或拒绝为被遗弃的船舶找到安全的泊位等。尽管 2022 年底,国际海事组织和国际劳工组织三方联合工作组通过了处理遗弃海员问题的指南。该指南明确规定,当船东未履行义务时,各国应采取一系列程序,包括确保海员遣返、支付拖欠工资以及提供医疗等必需品。同时,建议各国与海员福利委员会、航运机构、海员和船东组织等利益相关者合作,制定国家标准操作程序,以明确各方在处理遗弃事件中的责任和义务。然而,令人遗憾的是,过去两年海员遗弃案件仍持续增加,其中十分顽固的问题根源,绝非短期内能够解决。数据来源:ILO/IMO 关于遗弃海员的联合数据库
信德海事安全综合报道
海洋天气公报
来源:中央气象台 发布时间:2025年01月15日20时
我国近海将有7~9级大风
一、近海海域天气实况
1月15日02时至14时,渤海、渤海海峡出现了5~6级、阵风7级的偏西风,黄海大部海域出现了5~6级、阵风7级的偏北风或西北风,东海大部海域、台湾以东洋面、巴士海峡、南海南部海域出现了5~7级、阵风8级的偏北风或东北风,台湾海峡、南海北部海域、北部湾、南海中西部海域出现了6~8级、阵风9级的东北风或偏东风。
二、未来三天具体预报
15日20时至16日20时,台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、巴士海峡、南海东北部、中东部和南海西南部海域将有6~8级、阵风9级的偏北到东北风,东海南部海域、南海西北部、中西部和南海东南部海域将有5~7级、阵风8级的东北风,渤海、渤海海峡、黄海北部海域将有4~6级、阵风7级的偏西转偏北风,黄海中部海域将有4~6级、阵风7级的偏西到西北风,东海北部海域将有4~6级、阵风7级的偏北到西北风,北部湾、琼州海峡将有5~6级、阵风7级的东北风。为此,中央气象台15日18时继续发布大风蓝色预警。
16日20时至17日20时,巴士海峡、南海中东部海域将有6~8级、阵风9级的东北风,台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、南海东北部、中西部和南海东南部海域将有6~7级、阵风8级的东北风,渤海将有4~6级、阵风7级的西南风,黄海北部海域将有5~6级、阵风7级减弱到4级以下的偏北转西南风,东海南部海域、北部湾、琼州海峡、南海西北部海域将有4~6级、阵风7级的偏东到东北风。
17日20时至18日20时,巴士海峡、南海西南部海域将有6~8级、阵风9级的东北风,台湾海峡、南海东北部和中东部海域将有5~7级、阵风8级的偏北到东北风,东海南部海域、台湾以东洋面、南海西北部和中西部海域将有5~6级、阵风7级的偏北到东北风,南海东南部海域将有5~6级、阵风7级的东北风到偏东风。
三、未来4~7天天气展望
预计,18日夜间至22日白天,东海北部海域、台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、巴士海峡、南海东北部和西南部海域将有6~7级、阵风8级的西北到东北风。
全球海事公报
MESSAGE FOR NAVAREA XI(IOR) ISSUED BY NMC BEIJINGMESSAGE IS UPDATED EVERY 06 HOURS =SYNOPSIS VALID 1800UTC DEC.05 =FCST VALID 1800UTC DEC.06 =NW/NLY WINDS FROM 10 TO 14M/S GUSTS 18M/S SEAS UPTO 2.0M OVER CENTRAL PART OF YELLOW SEA ANDNORTHEASTERN PART OF JAPAN SEA=NE/ELY WINDS FROM 10 TO 12M/S GUSTS 14M/S SEAS UPTO 1.5M OVER TAIWAN STRAIT AND BASHI CHANNEL ANDNORTHERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA AND CENTRAL PARTWLY WINDS FROM 12 TO 14M/S GUSTS 18M/S SEAS UP TO2.5M OVER SOUTHWESTERN PART OF JAPAN SEA AND SEADENSE FOG OBSERVED LOCALLY OVER NORTHWESTERN PARTOF EAST CHINA SEA WITH HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY LESSHORIZONTAL VISIBILITY LESS THAN 10KM OVER CENTRALPART OF YELLOW SEA AND SOUTHERN PART OF YELLOW SEAAND SOUTHWESTERN PART OF EAST CHINA SEA ANDNORTHWESTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA AND MALACCASTRAIT AND SEA EAST OF SINGAPORE AND SEA SOUTH OFSUMATERA AND SUNDA STRAIT AND LAUT JAWA AND SEASOUTH OF JAWA AND MAKASSAR STRAIT AND SEASOUTHWEST OF THE PHILIPPINES AND LAUT MALUKU ANDN WINDS 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S BACK NWWINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATESLIGHT TO MODERATE CLOUDY BECMG SLIGHT SNOW VISN WINDS 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S BACK NWWINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATESLIGHT TO MODERATE OVERCAST BECMG SLIGHT SNOW VISNORTHERN PART OF YELLOW SEANW WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=CENTRAL PART OF YELLOW SEANW WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE OVERCAST BECMG LIGHT RAIN VIS GOOD TOSOUTHERN PART OF YELLOW SEANW WINDS VEER N 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEASTATE MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=NORTHERN PART OF EAST CHINA SEANW WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATEMODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=SOUTHERN PART OF EAST CHINA SEANE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=NE WINDS 12 TO 16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATENE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S INCR 12 TO16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE MODERATE TOROUGH OVERCAST BECMG MODERATE RAIN VIS GOOD TONE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S INCR 12 TO16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE ROUGH OVERCASTE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=E WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=NORTHWESTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEANE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=NORTHEASTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEANE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S INCR 12 TO16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE ROUGH OVERCASTWEST CENTRAL SOUTH CHINA SEANE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEEAST CENTRAL SOUTH CHINA SEANE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATESOUTHWESTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEANE WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATEMODERATE CLOUDY VIS GOOD=SOUTHEASTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEANE WINDS 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S INCR 06 TO08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE MODERATE CLOUDYNORTHEASTERN PART OF JAPAN SEANW WINDS 16 TO 20M/S GUSTS 20 TO 24M/S SEA STATEVERY ROUGH MODERATE SNOW BECMG SLIGHT SNOW VISSOUTHWESTERN PART OF JAPAN SEAW WINDS 16 TO 20M/S GUSTS 20 TO 24M/S DECR 08 TO12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE VERY ROUGH TOROUGH LIGHT RAIN VIS MODERATE=W WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S VEER NWWINDS 12 TO 16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATEMODERATE TO ROUGH OVERCAST VIS GOOD=W WINDS 16 TO 20M/S GUSTS 20 TO 24M/S DECR 12 TO16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE ROUGH OVERCASTSEA EAST OF RYUKYU ISLANDSE WINDS BACK NE 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEASTATE MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=SEA WEST OF BONIN ISLANDSNE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=SEA NORTHEAST OF THE PHILIPPINESNE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEROUGH OVERCAST BECMG MODERATE RAIN VIS GOOD TOSEA WEST OF NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDSNE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=SEA SOUTHEAST OF THE PHILIPPINESE WINDS 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S INCR 06 TO08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE MODERATE CLOUDYBECMG MODERATE RAIN VIS GOOD TO MODERATE=E WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATEMODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=SEA SOUTHEAST OF INDONESIAW WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S INCR 08 TO12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE SLIGHT TOMODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=SE WINDS BACK NW 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO12M/S SEA STATE MODERATE MODERATE RAIN VISSE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=E WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATEMODERATE CLOUDY BECMG MODERATE RAIN VIS GOOD TO【投稿】【提供线索】【转载】请后台留言或电邮投稿,主题格式为【投稿】+文章标题,发送至media@xindemarine.com邮箱。联系主编:15998511960