令人发指!一年内 310 起!2024 年全球海员被遗弃事件空前严峻!

企业   2025-01-15 17:35   海南  

自 2004 年国际海事组织与国际劳工组织联合数据库建立以来,海员遗弃问题逐渐浮出水面,引起国际社会的广泛关注。据国际劳工组织统计,截至目前已记录了 1145 起遗弃事件,涉及 16569 名海员,这一数字背后是无数海员的悲惨遭遇。

数据来源:ILO/IMO 关于遗弃海员的联合数据库
回顾历年数据,2011 - 2016 年,每年报告的海员遗弃案件数量稳定在 12 至 19 起之间。但从 2017 年开始,案件数量开始增加。到了 2020 年,受新冠疫情影响,案件数更是逐年激增,2023 年已达到 142 起。而经统计, 2024 年这一数字再次飙升至 310 起,相较于 2023 年增长了 118%,比十年前高出近 2000%,创下历史最高纪录。
在已记录的事件中,案件解决情况也并不乐观。已解决的仅有 644 起,仍有 210 起存在争议,178 起尚未解决,另有 113 起案件悬而未决。值得注意的是,自 2017 年 1 月 18 日《2006 年海事劳工公约》2014 年修正案生效后,虽对海员遗弃案件的财务担保做出规定,但联合数据库收到的遗弃案件报告仍多达 876 起。
海员遗弃问题的不断恶化,背后有着复杂的原因。新冠疫情的爆发无疑是一大催化剂,打乱了全球航运业的正常秩序,船员换班困难重重,进一步加剧了海员被遗弃的风险。同时,影子船队的持续扩张也成为问题恶化的重要因素。影子船队中的船只,尤其是那些运载受制裁石油且处于最低限度监督下作业的船只,其运营的不规范性为海员遗弃事件埋下隐患。此外,悬挂 “假船旗” 的船舶数量增加,使得监管难度加大,船东得以钻法律空子,肆意抛弃海员。
当船东未能履行支付工资、承担遣返费用或提供基本生活保障等责任时,海员便陷入被遗弃的困境。他们被困在船上,无法回家,基本生存需求难以得到满足,身心健康遭受极大摧残。
同时,不乏有船东为追逐利益最大化,恶意抛弃船舶及船员,尤其是在老旧船舶价值低于所欠船员工资和遣返费用,以及船舶运营中突发重大安全或环境污染事故,或陷入长时间民事经济纠纷时,易发生海员遗弃事件。
种种事件不仅是对海员人权的严重侵犯,也对整个航运业的声誉造成了毁灭性打击。航运业的良好形象被这些虐待行为掩盖,公众对其信任度大幅下降,更不利于年轻人加入海员和行业留住在职海员,进而威胁航运业的可持续发展。
另一方面,被遗弃的船舶可能会遭到滞留,占用港口资源,影响营运效率,给港口国带来财政负担的同时还可能带来安全和污染风险。而港口国出于风险的考量,也可能间接导致被遗弃海员难以遣返,如拒绝允许被遗弃的海员离开船舶,或拒绝协助安排替换或看守船员,或拒绝为被遗弃的船舶找到安全的泊位等。
尽管 2022 年底,国际海事组织和国际劳工组织三方联合工作组通过了处理遗弃海员问题的指南。该指南明确规定,当船东未履行义务时,各国应采取一系列程序,包括确保海员遣返、支付拖欠工资以及提供医疗等必需品。同时,建议各国与海员福利委员会、航运机构、海员和船东组织等利益相关者合作,制定国家标准操作程序,以明确各方在处理遗弃事件中的责任和义务。然而,令人遗憾的是,过去两年海员遗弃案件仍持续增加,其中十分顽固的问题根源,绝非短期内能够解决。

数据来源:ILO/IMO 关于遗弃海员的联合数据库

信德海事安全综合报道


海洋天气公报

来源:中央气象台 发布时间:2025年01月15日20时

我国近海将有7~9级大风

一、近海海域天气实况

1月15日02时至14时,渤海、渤海海峡出现了5~6级、阵风7级的偏西风,黄海大部海域出现了5~6级、阵风7级的偏北风或西北风,东海大部海域、台湾以东洋面、巴士海峡、南海南部海域出现了5~7级、阵风8级的偏北风或东北风,台湾海峡、南海北部海域、北部湾、南海中西部海域出现了6~8级、阵风9级的东北风或偏东风。

二、未来三天具体预报

15日20时至16日20时,台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、巴士海峡、南海东北部、中东部和南海西南部海域将有6~8级、阵风9级的偏北到东北风,东海南部海域、南海西北部、中西部和南海东南部海域将有5~7级、阵风8级的东北风,渤海、渤海海峡、黄海北部海域将有4~6级、阵风7级的偏西转偏北风,黄海中部海域将有4~6级、阵风7级的偏西到西北风,东海北部海域将有4~6级、阵风7级的偏北到西北风,北部湾、琼州海峡将有5~6级、阵风7级的东北风。为此,中央气象台15日18时继续发布大风蓝色预警。

16日20时至17日20时,巴士海峡、南海中东部海域将有6~8级、阵风9级的东北风,台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、南海东北部、中西部和南海东南部海域将有6~7级、阵风8级的东北风,渤海将有4~6级、阵风7级的西南风,黄海北部海域将有5~6级、阵风7级减弱到4级以下的偏北转西南风,东海南部海域、北部湾、琼州海峡、南海西北部海域将有4~6级、阵风7级的偏东到东北风。

17日20时至18日20时,巴士海峡、南海西南部海域将有6~8级、阵风9级的东北风,台湾海峡、南海东北部和中东部海域将有5~7级、阵风8级的偏北到东北风,东海南部海域、台湾以东洋面、南海西北部和中西部海域将有5~6级、阵风7级的偏北到东北风,南海东南部海域将有5~6级、阵风7级的东北风到偏东风。

三、未来4~7天天气展望

预计,18日夜间至22日白天,东海北部海域、台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、巴士海峡、南海东北部和西南部海域将有6~7级、阵风8级的西北到东北风。


全球海事公报


ZCZC
WWCI50 BABJ 051800
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MESSAGE FOR NAVAREA XI(IOR) ISSUED BY NMC BEIJING
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WARNNING=
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SUMMARY=
NW/NLY WINDS FROM 10 TO 14M/S GUSTS 18M/S SEAS UP
TO 2.0M OVER CENTRAL PART OF YELLOW SEA AND
NORTHEASTERN PART OF JAPAN SEA=
NE/ELY WINDS FROM 10 TO 12M/S GUSTS 14M/S SEAS UP
TO 1.5M OVER TAIWAN STRAIT AND BASHI CHANNEL AND
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WLY WINDS FROM 12 TO 14M/S GUSTS 18M/S SEAS UP TO
2.5M OVER SOUTHWESTERN PART OF JAPAN SEA AND SEA
SOUTH OF JAPAN=
DENSE FOG OBSERVED LOCALLY OVER NORTHWESTERN PART
OF EAST CHINA SEA WITH HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY LESS
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HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY LESS THAN 10KM OVER CENTRAL
PART OF YELLOW SEA AND SOUTHERN PART OF YELLOW SEA
AND SOUTHWESTERN PART OF EAST CHINA SEA AND
NORTHWESTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA AND MALACCA
STRAIT AND SEA EAST OF SINGAPORE AND SEA SOUTH OF
SUMATERA AND SUNDA STRAIT AND LAUT JAWA AND SEA
SOUTH OF JAWA AND MAKASSAR STRAIT AND SEA
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BOHAI SEA
N WINDS 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S BACK NW
WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
SLIGHT TO MODERATE CLOUDY BECMG SLIGHT SNOW VIS
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N WINDS 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S BACK NW
WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
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NORTHERN PART OF YELLOW SEA
NW WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
CENTRAL PART OF YELLOW SEA
NW WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST BECMG LIGHT RAIN VIS GOOD TO
MODERATE=
SOUTHERN PART OF YELLOW SEA
NW WINDS VEER N 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA
STATE MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
NORTHERN PART OF EAST CHINA SEA
NW WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
SOUTHERN PART OF EAST CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
TAIWAN STRAIT
NE WINDS 12 TO 16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE
ROUGH OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
SEA EAST OF TAIWAN
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S INCR 12 TO
16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE MODERATE TO
ROUGH OVERCAST BECMG MODERATE RAIN VIS GOOD TO
MODERATE=
BASHI CHANNEL
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S INCR 12 TO
16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE ROUGH OVERCAST
VIS GOOD=
BEIBU GULF
E WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
QIONGZHOU STRAIT
E WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
NORTHWESTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
NORTHEASTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S INCR 12 TO
16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE ROUGH OVERCAST
VIS GOOD=
WEST CENTRAL SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
ROUGH CLOUDY VIS GOOD=
EAST CENTRAL SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
ROUGH CLOUDY VIS GOOD=
SOUTHWESTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE CLOUDY VIS GOOD=
SOUTHEASTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S INCR 06 TO
08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE MODERATE CLOUDY
VIS GOOD=
NORTHEASTERN PART OF JAPAN SEA
NW WINDS 16 TO 20M/S GUSTS 20 TO 24M/S SEA STATE
VERY ROUGH MODERATE SNOW BECMG SLIGHT SNOW VIS
POOR TO MODERATE=
SOUTHWESTERN PART OF JAPAN SEA
W WINDS 16 TO 20M/S GUSTS 20 TO 24M/S DECR 08 TO
12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE VERY ROUGH TO
ROUGH LIGHT RAIN VIS MODERATE=
KOREA STRAIT
W WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S VEER NW
WINDS 12 TO 16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE
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SEA SOUTH OF JAPAN
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16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE ROUGH OVERCAST
VIS GOOD=
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E WINDS BACK NE 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA
STATE MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
SEA WEST OF BONIN ISLANDS
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
SEA NORTHEAST OF THE PHILIPPINES
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
ROUGH OVERCAST BECMG MODERATE RAIN VIS GOOD TO
MODERATE=
SEA WEST OF NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=
SEA SOUTHEAST OF THE PHILIPPINES
E WINDS 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S INCR 06 TO
08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE MODERATE CLOUDY
BECMG MODERATE RAIN VIS GOOD TO MODERATE=
SEA WEST OF GUAM
E WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=
SEA SOUTHEAST OF INDONESIA
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12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE SLIGHT TO
MODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=
SEA SOUTH OF JAWA
SE WINDS BACK NW 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO
12M/S SEA STATE MODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS
MODERATE=
SEA SOUTH OF SUMATERA
SE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=
SEA SOUTH OF VIETNAM
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MODERATE CLOUDY BECMG MODERATE RAIN VIS GOOD TO
MODERATE=
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