据越南交通运输部海事局消息，目前在越南各大港口滞留超过90天的集装箱数量已超过7,650个，主要集中在胡志明市、海防、岘港和头顿等大型港口。
具体而言，胡志明市港口滞留的集装箱数量高达5,800个，海防为1,500个，岘港为186个，头顿为120个。
滞留时间超过三年的集装箱有3,100个，滞留1至3年的有1,240个，滞留不到一年的有3,200个。其中，废旧物品集装箱有1,000个，冷藏集装箱有450个，其余6,000多个则是其他类型的货物。
滞留集装箱难以处理
越南海事局表示，港口长期滞留的大量集装箱尚未得到处理，主要是由于以下客观原因：航运公司破产、货主拒收货物或无法联系到货主。
相关部门在制定滞留货物的检验和清点方案时也遇到了困难。尽管有些集装箱已经完成了必要的手续并进行拍卖，但由于货物估值过高，买家拒绝购买，因此仍未能处理。此外，从拍卖到销毁滞留货物的处理周期较长，而管理、监督和处理滞留货物的人员配置有限。
海事局还指出，一些属于重点货物或涉及违法的滞留集装箱，已根据海关或调查机构的要求被锁定并存放在港口，但截至目前，相关部门尚未对这些货物作出处理决定。
滞留问题的多方面影响
海事局进一步指出，处理滞留货物的费用非常高昂，且处理资金并未得到定期拨付，加上结算手续尚未明确，导致缺乏资金处理滞留货物。各相关方在发布公告、清点和分类货物后便停止了对滞留货物的处理。
长期滞留的货物占用了港口仓储空间和航运公司的集装箱，降低了港口的运营效率和仓储空间的周转率。滞留货物的存储面积不断增加，而仓库面积有限，这在高峰期给港口带来了额外的运营压力，削弱了与其他港口的竞争力。
值得一提的是，这些“无人认领”的冷藏集装箱必须保持电力供应，而内部货物已经损坏，导致能源浪费。港口承担了巨额电费支出，但未能获得相应的费用补偿。此外，将滞留货物转移至存储区域所产生的额外费用进一步增加了港口的运营成本。对于滞留超过90天的集装箱，港口也无法收取仓储费。
建议简化滞留货物处理流程
越南海事局运输和海事服务处副处长阮氏香（Nguyễn Thị Thương）表示，海事局已多次与海关部门沟通，推动滞留集装箱的处理工作。然而，航运公司和港口企业在面对无法清关、无法自行处理的滞留货物时，处于被动状态，也无法预防不符合清关标准的货物进入港口。
在此背景下，海事局建议财政部指示海关总署及胡志明市海关局和海防海关局加快滞留超过90天货物的处理进度，以解放港口仓储空间并回收空集装箱。
此外，海事局还建议财政部修订第203/2014/TT-BTC号通知，简化滞留货物处理的流程和手续，以加快港口滞留货物的处理速度。
越南代理、经纪和航运服务协会（Visaba）会长范国龙（Phạm Quốc Long）表示，据估算，一个40英尺集装箱的日均仓储费约为2美元。目前，海防地区有数千个此类集装箱滞留，主要货物为旧轮胎和废旧物品。
“这些货物已经滞留多年，给港口和航运公司带来了巨大的成本损失。滞留的集装箱不仅占用了空间，还导致航运公司缺少空箱用于运营。”范国龙说道。
Nearly 8,000 Stranded Containers Reduce Vietnam's Port Capacity
(Chinhphu.vn) According to the Vietnam Maritime Administration under the Ministry of Transport, the number of containers that have been stranded for more than 90 days at various ports in Vietnam has exceeded 7,650 units, primarily concentrated at major ports such as Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong, Da Nang, and Vung Tau.
Specifically, Ho Chi Minh City Port has 5,800 stranded containers, Hai Phong has 1,500, Da Nang has 186, and Vung Tau has 120 containers.
Among these, 3,100 containers have been stranded for more than three years, 1,240 containers have been stranded for 1 to 3 years, and 3,200 containers have been stranded for less than a year. The stranded goods include 1,000 containers of scrap materials, 450 refrigerated containers, and over 6,000 containers of other goods.
Difficulty in Handling Stranded Containers
The Vietnam Maritime Administration stated that the large number of long-term stranded containers at ports has yet to be resolved due to various objective reasons: the shipping companies have gone bankrupt, the owners have refused to accept the goods, or the owners cannot be contacted.
Related agencies have also faced difficulties in devising plans for the inspection and inventory of stranded goods. While some containers have completed the necessary procedures and were put up for auction, buyers have refused to purchase them due to high valuation prices, leaving them unresolved. Additionally, the process from auction to the destruction of stranded goods is lengthy, and the personnel allocated for the management, supervision, and handling of stranded goods is limited.
The Maritime Administration also pointed out that some stranded containers containing key goods or violating items have been locked and stored at the port at the request of customs or investigative agencies. However, to date, no processing decisions have been made by the relevant authorities regarding these goods.
Multi-Faceted Impact of Stranded Containers
The Maritime Administration further noted that handling stranded goods is extremely costly, with processing funds not regularly allocated, and settlement procedures not clearly defined, leading to a lack of funds for processing stranded goods. Consequently, relevant parties have halted the processing of stranded goods after announcing, inventorying, and categorizing the goods.
The prolonged presence of stranded goods occupies port storage space and the shipping companies' containers, reducing the efficiency of port operations and storage space turnover. The storage area for stranded goods is continuously expanding, while warehouse space is limited, increasing operational pressure on ports during peak periods and weakening competitiveness against other ports.
Notably, "unclaimed" refrigerated containers must be kept powered, despite the fact that the goods inside are already spoiled, leading to significant energy waste. Ports incur substantial electricity costs, but these are not reimbursed. Additionally, the extra costs of moving stranded goods to storage areas further increase operational costs. For containers that have been stored for more than 90 days, ports are unable to collect storage fees.
Proposal to Simplify the Process for Handling Stranded Goods
Nguyen Thi Thuong, Deputy Head of the Transport and Maritime Services Division of the Vietnam Maritime Administration, stated that the Administration has repeatedly communicated with customs authorities to expedite the handling of stranded containers. However, shipping companies and port enterprises remain passive when dealing with containers that cannot be cleared through customs, as they cannot independently handle the stranded goods, nor can they prevent substandard goods from entering the ports.
In light of this situation, the Maritime Administration proposes that the Ministry of Finance instruct the General Department of Customs, along with the Customs Departments of Ho Chi Minh City and Hai Phong, to allocate financial and human resources to speed up the processing of goods that have been stranded for more than 90 days, aiming to free up port storage space and recover empty containers.
Additionally, the Administration suggests that the Ministry of Finance consider amending Circular No. 203/2014/TT-BTC dated December 22, 2014, which provides guidelines for the handling of stranded goods within customs-controlled areas, by simplifying the procedures and reducing the processing time for stranded goods at ports.
Pham Quoc Long, President of the Vietnam Ship Agents, Brokers and Maritime Services Association (Visaba), estimated that the average storage cost for a 40-foot container is about $2 per day. Currently, in the Hai Phong area, there are thousands of such containers, mostly containing old tires and scrap materials.
"These goods have been sitting idle for many years without being processed, causing significant financial losses for port operators and shipping companies. Stranded containers also leave shipping companies short of empty containers," said Long.
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