原文信息：
Strategic network expansion planning with electric vehicle smart charging concepts as investment options
原文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266679242100069X
Highlights
EV smart charging models integrated in state-of-the-art network expansion planning.
G2V, V2G and V2B are viable non-network investment alternatives.
Investment in smart chargers acts as a hedging tool against long-term uncertainty.
G2V, V2G and V2B yield significant long-term economic savings in the GB power system.
V2B is comparable to V2G at transmission level in the context of expansion planning.
Abstract
The electrification of transport seems inevitable as part of global decarbonization efforts, but power system integration of electric vehicles faces numerous challenges, including a disproportionately high demand peak necessitating expensive infrastructure investments. Moreover, long-term developments in the power sector are characterized by great uncertainty, which increases the risk of making incorrect investment decisions leading to stranded assets. A cost-effective system integration of electrified transport would therefore not be possible without the implementation of smart charging concepts in combination with strategic network expansion planning that considers the impact of uncertainties. This paper proposes investment and operation models of Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) for the large-scale and long-term network expansion planning problem under multi-dimensional uncertainty. Additionally, it presents a multi-stage stochastic planning framework that can identify optimal investment strategies such that the expected system cost is minimized and the risk of stranded investments is reduced. The models are demonstrated on the IEEE 24-bus test system and applied in a case study of the power system of Great Britain. The results highlight G2V, V2G and V2B as effective non-network alternatives to conventional reinforcement that could generate substantial economic savings and act as hedging instruments against uncertainty. For the case of Great Britain, the Option Values of G2V, V2G, and V2B could amount to £1.2bn, £10.8bn, and £10.1bn, respectively, over a 40-year horizon. Although the quantified values are system-specific, the paper presents key observations on the role of smart charging concepts as investment options that can be generalized for any low-carbon power system.
Keywords
Electric vehicles
Grid-to-vehicle
Option Value
Smart charging
Stochastic optimization
Transmission planning
Uncertainty
Vehicle-to-building
Vehicle-to-grid
Graphics
Fig. 1. An illustration highlighting the relationship between the studied topic and the energy transition, and the benefits of the proposed solution (green) compared to the conventional approach (grey).
Fig. 3. Stochastic network expansion planning framework.
Fig. 7. Scenario trees showing the optimal investment decisions for the demonstrative case study.
Fig. 15. Scenario trees showing the strategic investment decisions for the GB network expansion with only conventional reinforcements (top left), conventional and G2V investments (top right), conventional and V2G investments (bottom left), and conventional and V2B investments (bottom right).
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