心脏解剖学丨医学英语视听学习

Heart Anatomy

心脏解剖学

Your heart is an extraordinary machine. During your lifetime, your hearts muscular walls pump blood into blood vessels branching throughout your body. 

人体心脏是一种非同一般地机器。在人体生存期间，心肌壁将血液泵入全身的血管。

Your heart has four chambers. Two upper chambers, called the left and right atria, and two lower chambers, called the left and right ventricles, contract in a steady rhythm known as your heartbeat.  

心脏有 4 个腔室。2个上腔室（左心房和右心房）和 2 个下腔室（左心室和右心室）以一种稳定的节律收缩，产生心跳。

During a normal heartbeat, blood from your tissues and lungs flows into your atria, then into your ventricles.

正常心脏跳动期间，来自组织和肺的血液流入心房，然后流入心室。

Walls inside your heart, called the interatrial and interventricular septa, help keep the blood on left and right sides from mixing.   

心脏内壁的房间隔和室间隔有助于防止左右两侧的血液混合。

Two valves sit like doors between your atria and ventricles to prevent blood from flowing backward into your atria. The tricuspid valve opens into your right ventricle, and the mitral valve opens into your left ventricle.

心房和心室之间的瓣膜，像门一样，防止血液回流到心房。三尖瓣打开，血液流入右心室；二尖瓣打开，血液流入左心室。

Strong, thin tissues called chordae tendinae hold your valves in place during the forceful contractions of your ventricles. 

心室强收缩期间，瓣膜被细而强健的组织--腱索固定在正确的位置。

Blood leaving the ventricles passes through another set of valves: the pulmonary valve, between your right ventricle and pulmonary trunk, and the aortic valve, connecting your left ventricle and aorta. 

离开心室的血液将通过另一组瓣膜，即右心室和肺动脉干之间的肺动脉瓣，以及连接左心室和主动脉的主动脉瓣。

In order to pump blood more efficiently, your heart muscle, called myocardium, is arranged in a unique pattern. 

为更加有效地泵血，心肌以一种独特的方式排列。

Three layers of myocardium wrap around the lower part of your heart. They twist and tighten in different directions to push blood through your heart. 

心脏下部由三层心肌包裹。它们向不同的方向扭转和收紧，推动血液通过心脏。

When special cells, called pacemaker cells, generate electrical signals inside your heart, the heart muscle cells, called myocytes, contract as a group. Your heart is divided into left and right halves, which work together like a dual pump. 

当称为起搏细胞的特殊细胞在心脏内产生电信号时，心肌细胞整体收缩。心脏分为左右两半，它们像双泵一样工作。

On the right side of your heart, deoxygenated blood from your bodys tissues flows through large veins, called the superior and inferior vena cava, into your right atrium. 

在心脏右侧，来自身体组织的脱氧血液通过称为上腔静脉和下腔静脉的大静脉，流入右心房。

Next, the blood moves into your right ventricle, which contracts and sends blood out of your heart to your lungs to gather oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. 

然后，血液进入右心室，右心室收缩，将血液从心脏泵出到肺，获取 O2，排出 CO2。

On the left side of your heart, oxygen-rich blood from your lungs flows through your pulmonary veins into your left atrium. The blood then moves into your left ventricle, which contracts and sends blood out of your heart through the aorta to feed your cells and tissues. 

在心脏左侧，来自肺的富氧血液通过肺静脉流入左心房。然后，血液进入左心室，左心室收缩，将血液通过主动脉泵出心脏，来供养细胞和组织。

The first branches off your aorta are the coronary arteries, which supply your heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. 

主动脉的第一个分支是冠状动脉，它为心肌供应 O2 和营养物质。

At the top of your aorta, arteries branch off to carry blood to your head and arms. Arteries branching from the middle and lower parts of your aorta supply blood to the rest of your body. 

在主动脉顶部，动脉分支，分支血管将血液携带到头和手臂。在主动脉中部和下部分支的动脉向身体其他部位供血。

Your heart beats an average of sixty to one hundred beats per minute. In that one minute, your heart pumps about five quarts of blood through your arteries, delivering a steady stream of oxygen and nutrients all over your body.

心跳平均 60-100 次/分钟。心脏在 1 分钟内，通过动脉泵送约 5 夸脱（约 10 品脱）的血液，向全身稳定地输送氧气和营养物质。