总结一下化学实验室常见的器材设备(主要是有机化学实验室)和对应的英语名称,偏日常口语。以下内容在选择上有很大的主观性,由于水平有限,故难免有错误,欢迎批评指正。此名单会持续更新。
一、实验室基本装置
SPRING
FESTIVAL
1. 实验台 lab bench
抽屉 drawer
晾干架 lab drying rack
试剂架 reagent shelf
实验椅 lab chair/ stool
2. 实验室洗手池 lab sinks
水龙头 tap
水管 water pipe
3. 铁架台 ring stand/ retort stand
夹钳 clamp
4. 水浴 water bath
油浴 oil bath
沙浴 sand bath
5. 防爆柜 explosion-proof cabinet
(药品)柜 cupboard
干燥器 desiccator
6. 气瓶 gas cylinder
7. 杜瓦瓶 Dewar flask/ vacuum flask
8. 升降架 (lab) lift table
9. 研钵 mortar
研棒 pestle
SPRING
FESTIVAL
1. 通风橱 fumehood
通风系统 ventilation system
双排管 Schlenk line/ vacuum gas manifold
冷阱 cold trap
2. 旋转蒸发仪 rotary evaporator/ rotavap
热浴 heat bath
溶剂收集瓶 solvent trap
防溅瓶 anti-splash adapter/ ball
连接/固定夹 joint clip
(不锈钢)夹钳 (stainless steel) pinch clamp
3. 冰箱 refrigerator
冷藏 frige
冷冻 freezer
4. 天平 balance/ scale
5. 紫外灯 UV lamp
6. 磁力加热搅拌器 hot plate/ magnetic stirrer
电动搅拌器 electric mixer
7. 烘箱 oven
8. 库克蒸馏仪 Kugelrohr/Coulomb distiller
8. 超声 ultrasound
9. 水泵 water pump
油泵 oil pump
10. 热烘枪 hot gun
11. 插头 plug
插座 socket
二、保护装备
1. 眼睛保护 eye protection
护目镜 goggles/ safety glasses
洗眼器 eyewash(station)
防蓝光眼镜 anti-blue light glasses
2. 实验服白大褂 white coat/ lab coat
3. 手套 gloves
橡胶手套 rubber gloves
乳胶手套 latex gloves
PE手套 PE gloves/ vinyl gloves
乙腈手套 nitrile gloves
隔热/烘箱手套 oven gloves
耐酸碱手套 anti-erode glove
4. 口罩 mask
防毒面罩 gas mask/ respirator
一次性口罩 disposable mask
5. 急救箱 first aid kit
6. 灭火器 (fire) extinguisher
7. 紧急淋浴 emergency shower
三、玻璃仪器
1. 烧瓶 flask
圆底烧瓶 round-bottom flask
三颈烧瓶 three-necked flask
Schlenk 瓶/管 Schlenk tube/ flask
锥形瓶 Erlenmeyer flask/ conical flask
蒸馏烧瓶 distillation flask
布氏烧瓶 Büchner flask
容量瓶 volumetric falsk
平底烧瓶 Florence flask
压力瓶 pressure vessel
2. 转接头 adapter
真空转接头 vacuum/ gas adapter
X口转X口转接头(大转小/小转大) X to X enlarging/reducing adapter
蒸馏转接头 distillation adapter
3. 试管 test tube
试管架 test tube rack
核磁管 NMR tube
核磁帽 NMR cap
4. 漏斗 funnel
分液漏斗 separatory funnel
梨形分液漏斗 pear-shaped funnel
球形分液漏斗 globe-shaped funnel
恒压分液漏斗 constant pressure separating funnel/ pressure equalizing funnel
布氏漏斗 Büchner funnel
长颈漏斗 long-stem funnel/ thistle tube
5. 冷凝管 condensor
直形冷凝管 Liebig condenser
球形冷凝管 Allihn condenser
空气冷凝管 air-cooled condenser
葛氏蛇形冷凝管 Graham condenser
Dimroth蛇形冷凝管 Dimroth condenser
(蓝色区域为水流)
6. 层析柱 (chromatography) column
(柱层析)储液球 (chromatography) reservoir
7. 小瓶vial
8. 量筒 (graduated) cylinder
9. 烧杯 beaker
10. 玻璃棒 glass rod
11. 展缸 chamber
12. 表面皿 watch glass
四、各种耗材 consumables
SPRING
FESTIVAL
1. 纸 paper
标签纸 lable paper
滤纸 filter paper
称量纸 weighing paper
pH试纸 pH paper
2. 洗瓶 (plastic) wash bottle
3. 注射器 syringe
针头 needle
微量注射器 microsyringe
4. 离心管 centrifuge tube
玻璃毛细管 glass capillary
5. 滴管 pipette
6. 胶带 tape
电工胶带 electrical Tape
透明胶带 Scotch tape/ transparent tape
双面胶带 double-sided tape
7. (石蜡)封口膜 parafilm
8. 洗耳球 rubber suction bulb
9. 气球 balloon
10. 刷子 brush
试管刷 test tube brush
烧杯刷 beaker brush
11. 药勺/ 刮刀 lab spoon/ spatula
12. 镊子 forceps/ tweezers
13. 温度计 thermometer
酒精温度计 alcohol/ spirit thermometer
水银温度计 mercury-in-glass thermometer
14. 磁子/转子 stirring bar
15. 软木烧瓶垫/托 cork flask stand
16. 锡箔纸 tin foil (paper)
17. 瓶塞 stopper
18. 凡士林/ 真空脂 vaseline/ vacuum grease
19. 脱脂棉 degreasing cotton
20. 废物桶/垃圾桶 waste container/trash can
21. 染色剂 stains
高锰酸钾 potassium permanganate
香草醛 vanillin
茚三酮 nihydrin
二硝基苯肼 dinitrophenylhydrazine/ DNP
钼酸铈 cerium ammonium molybdate/ CAM
SPRING
FESTIVAL
1. 圆珠笔 ballpoint pen
水笔/中性笔 gel pen
铅笔 pencil
转笔刀 pencil sharpener
马克笔 marker
荧光笔 highlighter
笔筒 pen holder
2. A4纸 A4 paper
便利签 sticky note/ post it note
文件夹 folder
回形针 paper clip
订书机 stapler
订书针 staple
打孔器 hole punch
胶棒/固体胶 glue stick
3. 信封 envelop
信件 letter
4. 打印机 printer
扫描仪 scanner
5. 电脑 computer
台式机 desktop
笔记本电脑 laptop
电脑屏幕 screen
键盘 keyboard
鼠标 mouse
鼠标垫 mouse pad
音响/扩音器 stereo/speaker
五、大型精密仪器 equipment
1. 手套箱 glove box
2. 核磁(共振仪) NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer)
3. 气质联用 GC-MS
4. X射线衍射仪 XRD (X-ray diffractometer)
5. 光谱 spectrometry
红外(光谱仪) IR (Infrared Spectrometer)
紫外-可见分光光度计 UV-Vis Spectrometer (Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer)
荧光分光光度计 Fluorescence Spectrometer (Fluorescence Spectrophotometer)
6. 色谱 chromatography
气相(色谱仪) GC (Gas Chromatographer)
高压/效液相色谱仪 HPLC (High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatographer)
7. 质谱 mass spectrometry
质谱(仪) MS (Mass Spectrometer)
高分辨质谱(仪) HRMS (High Resolution Mass Spectrometer)
·END·
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