背景介绍：
工作制服是单位、组织或团体为达到某一目的全体人员统一的服装，何谓统一，就是面料、色彩到款式统一一致。无论是在国外还是国内，在很多企业中，工作人员都穿着这样的定做工作制服。一件制服背后隐含着的不仅仅是公司的品牌形象，更是一种职业身份的标志、一种工作状态的象征。但同时，统一的制服可能会抑制个体的创造性和自由表达。那么，制服究竟有哪些利与弊呢？
The pros and cons of corporate uniforms
公司制服的利与弊
A quarter of the American workforce wears one. Why?
美国四分之一的劳动力都穿着制服。为什么呢？
If you work in a white-collar job in an office and make your way there this week, it is unlikely that anyone will be able to guess exactly what you do from your clothes. That is not true for lots of the people you will interact with.
如果你在办公室从事白领工作，本周前往办公室时，别人不太可能从你的衣着猜出你到底是做什么的。但与你打交道的很多人却不是这样。
The bus driver who gets you to your destination, the barista who makes your coffee and the people on reception who wish you “good morning” as you enter the building—they, and many others, are likely to be wearing some kind of corporate uniform.
送你到目的地的巴士司机、为你煮咖啡的咖啡师、在你进入大楼时向你道早安的前台接待人员——他们和其他许多人都可能穿着某种公司制服。
A poll of American workers conducted last summer by Gallup found that although most employees wear casual clothes—some smart, some really not—almost a quarter donned a uniform.
去年夏天，盖洛普对美国员工的一项调查发现，尽管大多数员工都穿休闲装（有的穿着得体，有的则不太讲究），但仍有近四分之一的人穿着制服。
For employers who require them, there are several arguments in favour of uniforms. They help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance. They project a brand identity, from the red coats of Virgin Atlantic crew to the “Browns” uniform of UPS delivery drivers.
对于要求员工穿制服的雇主来说，有几个支持制服的论点。制服有助于确保外观的专业性。从维珍航空机组人员的红色大衣到 UPS 送货司机的“布朗”制服，制服都能体现品牌形象。
They may have useful job-specific features: chefs’ jackets are double-breasted to protect against burns and can be reversed to hide stains. They send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions, avoiding those awkward “do you work here?” moments.
制服可能具有有用的特定工作功能：厨师的夹克是双排扣的，可以防止烫伤，还可以翻转以遮盖污渍。它们向顾客发出明确的信号，告诉他们应该向谁提问，避免了“你在这里工作吗？”的尴尬时刻。
Those customers draw different conclusions if staff are in uniform, for good and bad. A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when picking up a pizza.
员工穿着制服与否会给顾客带来不同的印象，有好有坏。蒂尔堡大学的罗伯特·史密斯及其同事进行了一项研究，要求人们想象在取披萨时遇到劣质服务的情景。
They were then shown pictures of uniformed or non-uniformed employees; the person who had notionally treated them badly was circled. Participants were more likely to blame the company than the individual or the circumstances for a bad experience when a uniform was involved.
然后，他们向这些人展示了穿着制服或没有穿制服的员工的照片；并圈出了假定对他们不好的员工。当被圈出的人穿着制服时，参与者更倾向于将糟糕经历归咎于公司，而不是个人或环境。
If corporate clothing makes each worker seem more representative of their employers, the authors suggest that it may be a good idea not to give it to inexperienced workers.
如果公司制装能让每个员工看起来更能代表其雇主，那么作者建议最好不要让没有经验的员工穿公司制装。
Uniforms can also affect the psychology of employees. In 2012 Hajo Adam, now of the University of Bath, and Adam Galinsky, now of Columbia Business School, coined the term “enclothed cognition” to describe the effect that specific clothes have on the way that people think and feel.
制服也会影响员工的心理。2012年，巴斯大学的哈约·亚当和哥伦比亚商学院的亚当·加林斯基提出了“着装认知”的概念，来描述特定服装对人们思考和感受方式的影响。
Questions have been raised over the validity of enclothed cognition, but a new meta-analysis by Messrs Adam and Galinsky, along with Carl Blaine Horton of Columbia Business School, concludes that the phenomenon is real.
虽然有人对着装认知的有效性提出了质疑，但亚当和加林斯基以及哥伦比亚商学院的卡尔·布莱恩·霍顿进行的一项新的元分析得出结论，这种现象是真实存在的。
In one study Guillaume Pech of Université Libre de Bruxelles and Emilie Caspar of Ghent University gave participants the option to administer electric shocks to other people in return for money; those dressed up in Red Cross uniforms showed more empathy than those in normal outfits.
在一项研究中，布鲁塞尔自由大学的纪尧姆·佩什和根特大学的埃米莉·卡斯帕尔让参与者选择对其他人实施电击以换取金钱；那些穿着红十字会制服的人比穿普通服装的人表现出更多的同情心。
Xuehua Wang of Asia Europe Business School and her co-authors found that formal clothes made people more likely to make healthy eating choices.
亚欧商学院的王雪华和她的合著者发现，正式服装使人们更有可能做出健康的饮食选择。
According to a paper by Saaid Mendoza of Providence College and Elizabeth Parks-Stamm of University of Southern Maine, people who wore a police uniform during a video-game simulation designed to test reaction times were more likely than those in their own clothes to shoot unarmed targets.
根据普罗维登斯学院的萨伊德·门多萨和南缅因大学伊丽莎白·帕克斯-斯塔姆的一篇论文，在旨在测试反应时间的模拟视频游戏中，穿着警服的人比穿着便装的人更有可能射杀手无寸铁的目标。
