心力衰竭概述 丨医学英语视听学习

Heart Failure Overview

心力衰竭概述 

Your heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood containing the oxygen and nutrients your body needs. The pumping sections of the heart are: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.

心脏是将含有人体所需氧气和营养物质的血液泵送到全身的一种肌肉器官。心脏泵血结构包括右心房、右心室、左心房和左心室。

In your heart, oxygen-poor blood flows from your body through large veins into your right atrium. Next, your blood moves into your right ventricle, which contracts, sending blood out of the heart to pick up oxygen from your lungs. 

心脏内的贫氧血液经大静脉，从全身流入右心房；然后，血液流入右心室，右心室收缩，将血液从心脏泵入肺，在肺部吸收氧气。

Oxygen-rich blood moves out of your lungs into your left atrium, then moves into your left ventricle. Finally, your left ventricle contracts, sending oxygen-rich blood out of your heart to your body.

富氧血液从肺流入左心房，然后进入左心室。最后，左心室收缩，将富氧血液从心脏泵出到全身。

If you have heart failure, your heart has lost the ability to pump enough blood to meet your body's needs. You may have weak or damaged ventricular walls that are not able to push enough blood out of your heart. You may also have stiff and thickened ventricular walls that do not allow your heart to fill with enough blood.

如果患有心力衰竭，心脏将不能泵出足够的血液，满足人体的需求；心室壁薄弱或受损，无法将足够的血液推出心脏；患者的心室壁也可能僵硬增厚，不能充盈血液。

If you have left-sided heart failure, your left ventricle does not deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to your body, making you feel tired and out of breath. You're failing left ventricle also increases the blood pressure in the blood vessels between your lungs and left ventricle. This increased pressure forces fluid out of your blood and into your lung tissues, which makes it difficult for you to breathe.

如果患有左心衰，左心室不能向人体输送足够多的富氧血液，患者将感到疲倦和气短。左心室衰竭也会增加肺和左心室之间血管的压力，从而迫使血液中的液体流出，进入肺组织，使患者出现呼吸困难。

If you have right-sided heart failure, your right ventricle is unable to contract with enough force to push blood to your lungs. The result is a buildup of blood in your veins, which causes a buildup of fluid, called edema, throughout the tissues in your body. 

如果患有右心衰，右心室不能用力收缩，迫使血液流入肺，导致静脉血液积聚，全身组织内体液积聚，即水肿。

Over time, heart failure on either side of your heart results in weakened, enlarged ventricles that deliver less blood to your body. 

随着时间的推移，心脏任一侧心力衰竭可导致心室变弱、增大，导致向身体输送的血液量减少。

To make up for the decreased amount of blood, your nervous system releases stress hormones that increase the speed and force of your heartbeat. 

为弥补减少的血流量，神经系统释放应激激素，使心跳速度和力度增加。

Unfortunately, the continued release of these stress hormones makes your heart failure worse because they damage the muscle cells in your ventricles.

然而，遗憾的是，应激激素持续释放可损害心室肌肉细胞，使心衰加重。

The most common cause of heart failure is coronary artery disease. 

心力衰竭最常见的病因是冠心病。

Other causes that damage your heart and lead to heart failure include high blood pressure, diabetes, diseased, infected, or damaged heart valves, diseased, infected, or damaged heart muscle, irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmias, heart defects, poisons or substance abuse, lung diseases, and breathing problems during sleep, called sleep apnea.

其他损害心脏，导致心力衰竭的原因包括高血压，糖尿病，心脏瓣膜病变、感染或损害，心肌疾病、感染或损害，心跳不规则（又称心律失常），心脏缺损，中毒或药物滥用，肺部疾病和睡眠呼吸疾病（又称睡眠呼吸暂停）。

Treatment for heart failure includes medications, lifestyle changes, or in extreme heart failure, heart beat-assisting devices or surgery. 

心衰治疗方案包括药物治疗、生活方式改变、或者心脏辅助装置或手术（治疗极严重心力衰竭）。

Diuretic medications reduce the swelling in your body by increasing the amount of urine produced by your kidneys. 

利尿剂可促进肾脏排尿，从而减轻身体肿胀；

ACE inhibitors are medications that allow your blood vessels to expand. This helps decrease your blood pressure and prevents further damage to your heart by making it easier for your heart to pump blood. 

ACE抑制剂可扩张血管，有助于降低血压，防止心脏进一步受损，改善心脏泵血功能；

beta-blockers are medications that block the effects of stress hormones on your heart. Although beta blockers slow down your heartbeat, they are mainly used to protect your heart muscle from the long-term damage caused by stress hormones. 

β受体阻滞剂可阻止应激激素对心脏产生的影响，减缓心跳，但是主要用于保护心肌免受应激激素造成的长期损害。

You may need to make some lifestyle changes including exercising on a regular basis, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, limiting salt and alcohol, and eating a heart-healthy diet.

患者可能需要改变生活方式，包括定期锻炼、保持健康体重、戒烟、限制盐和酒精摄入，以及健康饮食。

Surgeries for advanced heart failure include coronary artery bypass surgery to improve blood flow to your heart muscle, heart valve reconstruction surgery to improve blood flow through your heart and left ventricle reconstruction surgery to remove damaged heart muscle. Surgeries for extreme heart failure include insertion of a device to help your heart pump blood and heart transplant. 

重度心力衰竭治疗手术包括冠状动脉搭桥术（改善心肌血运）、心脏瓣膜重建术（改善心脏血流），以及左心室重建术（切除受损的心肌）。极严重心力衰竭治疗手术包括插入可帮助心脏泵血和心脏移植的设备。