高考英语常考高频派生词汇总~(超齐全整理)

教育   2025-01-11 21:18   河南  

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()后缀法

1.变名词

(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:

存在exist—existence     

发生occur—occurrence

查阅/参考refer—reference

更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference

不同differ—difference 

接受accept—acceptance

出现appear—appearance     

履行perform—performance

抵制resist—resistance  

 指导guide—guidance

进入enter—entrance     

保险insure—insurance

帮助assist—assistance

忍受 endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance

(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:

生产produce—production  

介绍introduce—introduction

消费consume—consumption     

 减少reduce—reduction

认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition

毁灭 destroy—destruction     

描写describe—description

打断 interrupt—interruption   

采纳/收养 adopt—adoption

防止 prevent—prevention

接收/接待处receive—reception

解决 solve—solution     

进化evolve—evolution

建议 suggest—suggestion     

编辑/版本 edit—edition

展览 exhibit—exhibition

打算/意图 intend—intention

认出recognize—recognition     

解释/定义 define—definition

保护 protect—protection     

方向/指导direct—direction

指令 instruct—instruction     

建设construct—construction

注射 inject—injection     

感染 infect—infection

驳斥 reject—rejection

反对 object—objection/oppose—opposition

连接connect—connection     

收集 collect—collection

纠正 correct—correction

视察 inspect—inspection

挑选select—selection

选举 elect—election

限制 restrict—restriction

抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction

保留 reserve—reservation     

保存 preserve—preservation

保护conserve—conservation     

观察observe—observation

挨饿starve—starvation

组织organize—organization

文明 civilize—civilization     

认识 realize—realization

考试examine—examination     

决定determine—determination

形成form—formation

通知 inform—information

想象 imagine—imagination

运输transport—transportation

邀请invite—invitation

期待expect—expectation

诱惑 tempt—temptation     

改编/适应 adapt—adaptation

移民 immigrate—immigration     

模仿 imitate—imitation

准备prepare—preparation     

探索explore—exploration

考虑consider—consideration     

宣布 declare—declaration

装饰 decorate—decoration     

激发/灵感 inspire—inspiration

放松/休闲 relax—relaxation

交流communicate—communication

占用/职业 occupy—occupation

满足satisfy—satisfaction     

申请/应用 apply—application

暗示 imply—implication

推荐 recommend—recommendation

口译/理解 interpret—interpretation

结合 combine—combination     

操作/手术 operate—operation

犹豫hesitate—hesitation     

教育educate—education

定位 locate—location     

指出 indicate—indication

参加 participate—participation

计算 calculate—calculation

欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation

联想/协会 associate—association

分离 separate—separation     

冬眠 hibernate—hibernation

赔偿 compensate—compensation

调查 investigate—investigation

庆祝 celebrate—celebration

祝贺 congratulate—congratulation

翻译 translate—translation

积累 accumulate—accumulation

加速 accelerate—acceleration     

捐赠 donate—donation

解放liberate—liberation 

动力motivate—motivation

革新innovate—innovation

集中concentrate—concentration

游行/示威 demonstrate—demonstration

贡献contribute—contribution  

分发 distribute—distribution

促进 promote—promotion

致力 devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication

沮丧 frustrate—frustration/depress—depression

印象impress—impression     

表达express—expression

拥有/财产possess—possession

讨论discuss—discussion

扩大 expand—expansion

延伸extend—extension

承认 admit—admission

允许 permit—permission

排放 emit—emission     

爆炸explode—explosion

结论conclude—conclusion     

决定 decide—decision

划分divide—division     

迷惑confuse—confusion

(3)-ment结尾的名词:

广告 advertise—advertisement

同意 agree—agreement

惊奇amaze—amazement     

吃惊 astonish—astonishment

通告announce—announcement     

安排 arrange—arrangement

评估assess—assessment     

发展 develop—development

失望disappoint—disappointment

雇用/就业employ—employment

鼓舞 encourage—encouragement

款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment

装备 equip—equipment

统治/政府govern—government

改进improve—improvement  

投资 invest—investment

卷入 involve—involvement     

管理 manage—management

惩罚 punish—punishment     

要求 require—requirement

退休 retire—retirement

定居/定居处settle—settlement

阐述/陈述 state—statement     

对待/治疗treat—treatment

……为基础/地下室base—basement

/人行道 pave—pavement

完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment

(4)-ness结尾的名词:

adj.—n.

意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness

bitter—bitterness    

盲目blind—blindness

冷静 calm—calmness     

聪明 clever—cleverness

疯狂crazy—craziness     

渴望 eager—eagerness

公平fair—fairness      

愚蠢 foolish—foolishness

适合 fit—fitness     

幸福/愉快happy—happiness

疾病ill—illness     

友好 kind—kindness

懒惰 lazy—laziness     

孤独lonely—loneliness

宁静 quiet—quietness

悲伤 sad—sadness

严重性 serious—seriousness     

甜美sweet—sweetness

稳定 steady—steadiness     

厚度thick—thickness

 tired—tiredness     

弱点 weak—weakness

/冷淡 cold—coldness

惶恐不安nervous—nervousness

思乡 homesick—homesickness

粗心 careless—carelessness     

自私selfish—selfishness

无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness

无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness

(5)-age结尾的名词:

婚姻marry—marriage     

短缺short—shortage

储存store—storage     

包裹pack—package

车厢carry—carriage     

通道pass—passage

(6)-th结尾的名词:

温暖warm—warmth     

真理true—truth

死亡dead—death     

成长grow—growth

(7)-ure结尾的名词:

快乐please—pleasure     

离开depart—departure

暴露expose—exposure  

压力press—pressure

失败fail—failure     

混合mix—mixture

签名sign—signature

(8)-ce结尾的名词:

adj.—n.

缺席 absent—absence    

出席present—presence

信心 confident—confidence

方便 convenient—convenience

不同different—difference

勤奋 diligent—diligence

远的/距离distant—distance

明显的/证据evident—evidence

优秀excellent—excellence     

重要important—importance

独立 independent—independence

天真/无辜innocent—innocence

智力 intelligent—intelligence 

公正 just—justice

耐心patient—patience

浪漫 romantic—romance

沉默silent—silence     

暴力violent—violence

v.—n.

冒犯 offend—offence

防御 defend—defense(AmE)—defence(BrE)

建议 advise—advice     

设施 devise—device

(9)-dom结尾的名词:

自由free—freedom     

王国king—kingdom

智慧wise—wisdom

(10)-hood结尾的名词:

孩童时代childhood     

男孩时代boyhood

邻里neighborhood

(11)-ship结尾的名词:

所有权ownership     

锦标赛championship

友谊friendship     

手艺craftsmanship

奖学金scholarship     

领导才能leadership

艰难hardship     

关系relationship

(12)-ing结尾的名词:

农业farming     

变暖warming

园艺gardening     

学业schooling

绘画painting     

意思meaning

绘画drawing     

训练training

录音tape-recording     

衣物clothing

感觉feeling     

十字路口crossing

工资earnings     

问候greeting

储蓄savings     

所发生的事情happenings

发现findings     

财产belongings

痛苦suffering     

贡品offering

环境surroundings     

保龄球bowling

举重weight-lifting     

射击shooting

摔跤wrestling

2.变形容词

(1)-y结尾的形容词:

n.—adj.

阳光灿烂的sun—sunny    

多雨的rain—rainy

被雪覆盖的snow—snowy     

有风的wind—windy

有暴风雨的storm—stormy     

寒冷的chill—chilly

多雾的fog—foggy     

有霜的frost—frosty

冰冷的ice—icy     

阴沉的gloom—gloomy

布满星星的star—starry  

泥泞的mud—muddy

布满灰尘的dust—dusty  

脏的dirt—dirty

健康的health—healthy  

富有的wealth—wealthy

霸道的boss—bossy     

臭的smell—smelly

美味的taste—tasty     

咸的salt—salty

皮包骨的skin—skinny     

贪婪的greed—greedy

迅速的speed—speedy     

狡猾的/棘手的trick—tricky

v.—adj.

爱挑剔的choose—choosy/pick—picky

黏的stick—sticky     

悦耳易记的 catch—catchy

害怕的 scare—scary     

滑溜的slip—slippery

(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:

n.—adj.

全球的globe—global     

文化的 culture—cultural

农业的 agriculture—agricultural     

情景的situation—situational

有条件的 condition—conditional

环境的environment—environmental

化学的chemistry—chemical     

医学的medicine—medical

原始的origin—original     

政治的politics—political

实际的practice—practical     

理论的 theory—theoretical

音乐的 music—musical     

感情的 emotion—emotional

国家的nation—national     

自然的nature—natural

个人的person—personal     

偶尓的occasion—occasional

精神上的mind—mental     

身体上的physics—physical

偶然的accident—accidental

教育的education—educational

技术上的technique—technical

心理上的 psychology—psychological

沿海的 coast—coastal

种族的race—racial     

面部的 face—facial

工业的industry—industrial     

金融的finance—financial

商业的commerce—commercial     

官方的office—official

有益的 benefit—beneficial     

典型的type—typical

有影响的 influence—influential

(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:

感激的thank—thankful=grateful

充足的plenty—plentiful   

美丽的 beauty—beautiful

成功的success—successful     

可怕的awe—awful

忠实的faith—faithful     

和平的 peace—peaceful

高兴的 joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful=enjoyable

非常干净的spot—spotless

无休止的end—endless     

无家可归的 home—homeless

无工作的 job—jobless=unemployed

身无分文的penny—penniless

无私的 self—selfless=unselfish

无目标的 aim—aimless

无线的 wire—wireless     

无限的 limit—limitless

珍贵的/无价的price—priceless=invaluable

毫无价值的 value—valueless/worth—worthless

无语的 speech—speechless

上气不接下气的breath—breathless

小心的,粗心的 care—careful,careless

多彩的,无色的color—colorful,colorless

有用的,无用的use—useful,useless

成果丰硕的,无成效的fruit—fruitful,fruitless

强大的,无能力的power—powerful,powerless

有意义的,无意义的meaning—meaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless

痛苦的,不痛的pain—painful,painless

后悔的,无悔的regret—regretful,regretless

有害的,无害的harm—harmful,harmless

闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restless

优雅的,粗鲁的grace—graceful,graceless

抱有希望的,无望的hope—hopeful,hopeless

有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的 help—helpful,helpless

考虑周到的/不周到的 thought—thoughtful,thoughtless

(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:

n.—adj.

许多的number—numerous

多山的mountain—mountainous

冒险的adventure—adventurous

紧张的 nerve—nervous

有毒的 poison—poisonous     

危险的danger—dangerous

灾难的disaster—disastrous     

小心的caution—cautious

营养的 nutrition—nutritious     

宗教的 religion—religious

宽敞的 space—spacious

有抱负的 ambition—ambitious     

神秘的 mystery—mysterious

(5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾的形容词:

()可预见的 predict—(un)predictable

()可避免的 avoid—(un)avoidable

()可忘的forget—(un)forgettable

()想要的desire—(un)desirable

()舒服的comfort—(un)comfortable

()利的favor—(un)favorable

()合适的suit—(un)suitable

()可忍受的bear—(un)bearable

()可忍受的endure—(un)endurable

()可信的believe—(un)believable

()可信的credit—(in)credible

()可接近的 access—(in)accessible

()见的view—(in)visible

()可治愈的cure—(in)curable

支付得起的afford—affordable

适应力强的adapt—adaptable

可更新的renew—renewable

便携的port—portable

多变的change—changeable

可吃的eat—eatable

可依靠的rely—reliable

可行的 work—workable

有价值的value—valuable

合理的reason—reasonable

高兴的enjoy—enjoyable

流行的 fashion—fashionable

(6)-tive结尾的形容词:

v.—adj.

多产的produce—productive     

迷人的attract—attractive

有创造力的create—creative     

保护的protect—protective

预防性的prevent—preventative     

健谈的talk—talkative

可供替代的alter—alternative     

相关的 relate—relative

有教育意义的instruct—instructive

有竞争力的compete—competitive

n.—adj.

有效的effect—effective     

贵的expense—expensive

(7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:

系统的system—systematic     

科学的 science—scientific

戏剧般的drama—dramatic

浪漫的 romance—romantic

有同情心的 sympathy—sympathetic

精力充沛的energy—energetic

(8)-en结尾的形容词:

羊毛的 wool—woolen

金色的 gold—golden

木制的 wood—wooden

(9)-some结尾的形容词:

英俊的 hand—handsome     

令人惊叹的 awe—awesome

令人烦恼的 trouble—troublesome

烦人的 tire—tiresome

(10)-ly结尾的形容词:

致命的dead—deadly     

活跃的 live—lively

友好的 friend—friendly     

兄弟般的brother—brotherly

有次序的 order—orderly     

昂贵的 cost—costly

每月的month—monthly     

每天的day—daily

3.变动词

(1)-fy结尾的动词:

净化pure—purify      

简化simple—simplify

美化 beautiful—beautify     

使合理化 just—justify

使恐惧terrible—terrify     

使震惊horrible—horrify

合格化quality—qualify     

分类class—classify

(2)-ize结尾的动词:

adj.—v.

认识到 real—realize     

使现代化modern—modernize

使工业化industrial—industrialize

使普及 popular—popularize     

集权central—centralize

使全球化 global—globalize     

使理想化 ideal—idealize

使稳定 stable—stabilize     

使正常化normal—normalize

社会化social—socialize     

使专门化special—specialize

n.—v.

使物质化material—materialize

总结summary—summarize

记忆memory—memorize

(3)-en结尾的动词:

变暗dark—darken     

加快quick—quicken

削尖 sharp—sharpen     

削弱 weak—weaken

松开 loose—loosen     

变紧 tight—tighten

软化 soft—soften     

使更明亮bright—brighten

恶化 bad—worsen     

减少little—lessen

减轻/变亮light—lighten     

变黑black—blacken

加宽broad—broaden     

缩短 short—shorten

adj.—n.—v.

加深 deep—depth—deepen     

加长long—length—lengthen

加宽wide—width—widen     

加高high—height—heighten

加强 strong—strength—strengthen

(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):

n.—v.

洗澡bath—bathe     

呼吸breath—breathe

……穿衣cloth—clothe

()前缀法

1.超过over-:

无意中听到overhear     

超过overtake

睡过头oversleep     

推翻overthrow/overturn

人口过剩overpopulation     

克服overcome

忽略/俯视overlook

2.重新re-:

康复/找回recover     

(衣服等)/移开remove

续借/更换/续签renew     

回收利用recycle

替代replace     

使恢复精力 refresh

改革 reform     

复习review

3.前的fore-:

预告 foretell     

前额 forehead

预报forecast     

预知 foresee

4.前的pre-:

前提precondition     

预告 predict

战前的 pre-war     

幼儿园preschool

预演preview

5.前的ex-:

前妻ex-wife     

前总统 ex-president

6.后的post-:

战后的 post-war     

研究生 postgraduate

7.多的multi-:

多媒体的multimedia     

多元文化的multicultural

多项选择的 multiple-choice

8.远的tele-:

电话telephone     

电视television

电报telegram     

电信telecommunications

望远镜telescope

9.相互的inter-:

面试interview     

国际的international

互联网Internet     

相互作用 interact

10.微小的micro-:

麦克风microphone     

微波microwave

微软microsoft     

显微镜microscope

11.自动的auto-:

汽车automobile     

自传autobiography

亲笔签名autograph     

自动地automatically

12.副的vice-:

副总统 vice-president     

副总理 vice-premier

13.生态的 eco-:

生态学 ecology     

生态系统 ecosystem

生态友好的 eco-friendly

14.中国的Sino-:

中日的Sino-Japanese     

中石化 Sinopec

15./次一级 sub-:

潜意识()subconscious     

亚热带的 subtropical

地铁subway     

潜水艇submarine

郊区的suburban     

副标题subtitle

16.semi-:

半熟练的 semi-skilled     

半决赛semi-final

17.tri-:

三轮车tricycle     

三角形 triangle

18.横跨trans-:

转移 transfer     

转变transform

传播transmit     

移植 transplant

()否定的前缀或后缀

1.in-,im-/il-,ir-

不活跃的inactive     

不贵的 inexpensive

缺乏经验的 inexperienced     

随便的 informal

不完整的incomplete     

不方便的inconvenient

独立的independent     

间接的indirect

不重要的 insignificant

无能力的 incapable/incompetent

不合适的improper/inappropriate

不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact

不充足的inadequate/insufficient

不成熟的immature     

不耐烦的impatient

不完美的imperfect     

不可能的impossible

不礼貌的impolite     

不合逻辑的illogical

不合法的illegal     

不规则的irregular

不负责的 irresponsible

2.un-

不寻常的unusual     

不安的uneasy

不公平的unfair/unjust

不知道的unaware/unconscious

不确定的uncertain     

不受欢迎的unpopular

不普通的uncommon     

不愉快的unpleasant

不重要的unimportant     

不必要的unnecessary

不成功的unsuccessful     

没被注意的unnoticed

不整洁的untidy     

不合理的unreasonable

未完成的 unfinished/undone

脱衣 undress     

打开unfold

卸车unload     

……的锁 unlock

解冻unfreeze     

出土/挖掘 unearth

拧开unscrew     

解开undo/unpack

揭露uncover

3.dis-

消失disappear     

不鼓励discourage

揭露 disclose     

发现discover

不同意 disagree     

不同意 disapprove

不服从disobey     

不诚实的dishonest

不满意的dissatisfied     

可耻的 disgraceful

弱点disadvantage      

紊乱disorder

4.mis-

误导(v.)mislead     

误导的(adj.)misleading

误解(v.)misunderstand     

滥用 misuse

误解(n.)misunderstanding     

拼错 misspell

不信任 mistrust

5.anti-

防空的anti-aircraft     

防冻剂antifreeze

抗日战争 Anti-Japanese War     

反社会的antisocial

6.de-

降级 degrade     

减少decrease

贬值 devalue     

解冻 defrost

毁林 deforestation

7.ill-

虐待ill-treat     

信息不足的ill-informed

不礼貌的 ill-mannered     

不合时宜的ill-timed

不合适的ill-fitting     

没教养的 ill-bred

考虑欠周的ill-considered     

时运不济的ill-fated

非法得到的ill-gotten     

不健康 ill health

8.non-

非营利的non-profit     

直达的non-stop

不吸烟者non-smoker     

防滑的non-slip

废话nonsense     

非暴力non-violence

不可再生资源 non-renewable resources

9.-free

无忧无虑的carefree     

无利息的 interest-free

免税的duty-free

10.-proof

防水的 waterproof     

防震的 shockproof

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