荐书丨《秦简中英读本》：打卡传统文化地标，破译云梦简牍中的文明密码

“楚有章华台，遥遥云梦泽。”11月4日下午，习近平总书记来到孝感市云梦县博物馆参观出土秦汉简牍展，详细了解简牍内容、历史文化价值和保护研究情况。习近平说，古代简牍非常珍贵，是我们国家信史的重要实物佐证，要善加保护，做好研究。要不断通过考古发掘，为国家历史提供更多不容置疑的佐证材料。

原文

Bamboo Script

二月辛巳，黑夫、驚敢再拜問中、母毋恙也？黑夫、驚毋恙也。前日黑夫與驚别，今復會矣。Ⅰ黑夫寄乞就書曰：遺黑夫錢，毋操夏衣來。今書節（即）到，母視安陸絲布賤可以爲襌 Ⅱ帬（裙）、襦者，母必爲之，令與錢偕來。其絲布貴，徒操錢來，黑夫自以布此。Ⅲ黑夫等直佐淮陽，攻反城久，傷未可智（知）也。（願）母遺黑夫用勿少。書到，Ⅳ皆爲報=（報。報）必言相家爵來未來，告黑夫其未來狀。聞王得苟得Ⅴ（正面）毋恙也？辭相家爵不也？書衣之南軍，毋……王得不也？Ⅰ爲黑夫、驚多問姑姊、康樂季須（嬃）、故術長姑外内……毋恙也？Ⅱ爲黑夫、驚多問東室季須（嬃）苟得毋恙也？Ⅲ爲黑夫、驚多問嬰氾季吏（事）可（何）如？定不定？Ⅳ爲黑夫、驚多問夕陽吕嬰、㔷里閻諍丈人得毋恙也？嬰、諍皆毋恙也，毋錢用、衣矣。Ⅴ驚多問新負（婦）、妴得毋恙也？新負（婦）勉力視瞻丈人，毋與□□□。垣柏未智（知）歸時。新負（婦）勉力也。Ⅵ背面

睡虎地4号秦墓11号木牍《黑夫家书》正面局部

寬式隸定

Loose Transcription

二月辛巳，黑夫驚敢再拜問中、母毋恙也？黑夫、驚毋恙也。前日黑夫與驚别，今復會矣。黑夫寄乞就書曰：遺黑夫錢，毋操夏衣來。今書即到，母視安陸絲布賤可以爲襌裙、襦者，母必爲之，令與錢偕來。其絲布貴，徒操錢來，黑夫自以布此。黑夫等直佐淮陽，攻反城久，傷未可知也。願母遺黑夫用勿少。書到，皆爲報。報必言相家爵來未來，告黑夫其未來狀。聞王得苟得毋恙也？辭相家爵不也？書衣之南軍，毋……王得不也？爲黑夫、驚多問姑姊、康樂季嬃、故術長姑外内……毋恙也？爲黑夫、驚多問東室季嬃苟得毋恙也？爲黑夫、驚多問嬰氾季事何如？定不定？爲黑夫、驚多問夕陽吕嬰、㔷里閻諍丈人得毋恙也？嬰、諍皆毋恙也，毋錢用、衣矣。驚多問新婦、妴得毋恙也？新婦勉力視瞻丈人，毋與□□□。垣柏未知歸時。新婦勉力也。

白話文

Vernacular Chinese

二月辛巳，黑夫、驚斗膽再拜問候中、母親一切都好吧？黑夫、驚一切都好。之前黑夫與驚分别，現在又相會了。黑夫委託乞就的信裏説：給黑夫錢，不要持夏日的衣服來。現在信若到達，母親看安陸縣絲布便宜可以用來做單層裙、衣的，母親一定買一些，將其與錢一起寄來。絲布如果太貴，只寄錢來即可，黑夫自己在此處用來買布。黑夫等在淮陽擔任佐，攻打反叛的城池很長時間，是否會受傷還不知道。希望母親給黑夫的錢不要少。信到了，一同回復。回復時一定要告知因軍功獲得的爵位來還是没來，告知黑夫它未來的原因。聽説王得一切安好與否？是否向官府訴訟爵位之事？書與衣物到南軍，不要……王得？爲黑夫、驚問候姑媽、康樂里的姐姐、故術長姑一家等人……一切安好吧？爲黑夫、驚問候東屋的姐姐一切安好吧？爲黑夫、驚問候嬰氾季的事情怎麽樣？是否已經確定？爲黑夫、驚問候夕陽里的吕嬰、㔷里的閻諍兩家的老人一切安好吧？嬰、諍都一切安好，只是没有錢、衣服。驚問候妻子、妴一切安好吧？妻子努力照顧丈人，不要與□□□。垣柏不知回家的時間。妻子努力啊。

英文翻譯

English Translation

On the day xīnsì of the second month, Hēifū and Jīng dare to greet Zhōng and Mother: everything is well? After being apart for several days, Hēifū and Jīng are now together again. Hēifū has previously entrusted Qǐjiù to send a letter stating: “Gave Hēifū money, no need to bring summer clothing.” Now that the letter must have arrived, Mom, please check whether the price of silk and cloth for making pants and clothes is cheap in Ānlù County, if so, do buy some and send them together with money. If they are expensive, then just send money. I will buy cloth here. Hēifū and others are stationed at Huáiyáng as lieutenant. We are to attack the enemy city, it may take a long time and we are not sure whether we may get injured during the fight. So, we wish Mom send enough money. Please do answer our letters. When you answer, make sure to let us know whether the title obtained through military merit has arrived or not, and if not the cause of it. Have you heard that Wáng Dé is well or not? Has he appealed to the government about the title?... Extend our greetings to aunt, sister at Kānglè Village as well as to Aunt Zhǎng and her family at Gùshù...is everything good? Please give our greetings to the sister at East room, [trust that] everything is well? Ask for us how is the situation of Yīng Fánjì? Is it certain? Please send greetings to father in-laws of Lǚ Yīng in Xīyáng Village and of Yán Zhèng in Lòu Village, [trust that] everything is well? Yīng and Zhèng are well here, except they don’t have enough money and clothes. Jīng sends greetings to his wife and his kid Yuàn, wishes that everything is well. May the wife take good care of father-in-law, do not.... Yuánbǎi does not know the date of his return. So, may the wife exert herself and do her best.

原文

Bamboo Script

春二月，毋敢伐材木山林及雍（壅）隄水不〈泉〉。夏月，毋敢熱（爇）草爲灰，取生荔麛𠨫（卵）鷇，毋□□□□□□毒魚鱉，置穽罔（網），到七月而縱之。唯不幸死而伐綰（棺）享（槨）者，是不用時。邑之紤（近）皂及它禁苑者，麛時毋敢將犬以之田。百姓犬入禁苑中而不追獸及捕獸者，勿敢殺；其追獸及捕獸者，殺之。河（呵）禁所殺犬，皆完入公；其它禁苑殺者，食其肉而入皮。田律

寬式隸定

Loose Transcription

春二月，毋敢伐材木山林及壅隄水泉。夏月，毋敢爇草爲灰，取生荔麛卵鷇，毋□□□□□□毒魚鱉，置穽網，到七月而縱之。唯不幸死而伐棺槨者，是不用時。邑之近皂及它禁苑者，麛時毋敢將犬以之田。百姓犬入禁苑中而不追獸及捕獸者，勿敢殺；其追獸及捕獸者，殺之。呵禁所殺犬，皆完入公；其它禁苑殺者，食其肉而入皮。田律

白話文

Vernacular Chinese

春季二月，不要在山林中砍伐木材和在水泉處堵塞築堤。夏季，不要燒草爲灰，取活的幼獸、鳥卵，不要……毒殺魚鱉，設置陷阱和獵網，到七月開禁。只有有人不幸死亡而需伐製棺槨的，可以不按時令來做事。城邑近于蓄養牛馬的苑囿及其他王室禁苑的，春季動物繁殖時不要帶獵犬田獵。百姓的狗進入王室禁苑中而不追逐野獸及獵捕野獸的，不要殺害，其中追逐野獸及獵捕野獸的，殺掉它們。設置警戒的禁苑所殺的狗，都完整納入公家，其他禁苑殺的狗，吃掉肉而納入狗皮給公家。田律

英文翻譯

English Translation

In the second month of spring, [one is] not allowed to cut timber in the forests or block watercourses. In the summer, [one is] not allowed to burn weeds to make ashes, to collect living young animals, eggs or fledglings. One should not... poison fish or tortoises or arrange pitfalls and nets. In the seventh month, [these prohibitions] are lifted. Only when someone has met an unfortunate death, people may cut timber for the inner and outer coffins, in spite of season’s restrictions. People who live in the town near the royal pasture and ranch for keeping horses and cattle and the other kind of royal park, were forbidden to take hunting dogs to hunt when animals breed. When dogs of the commoners enter the royal Forbidden Garden without chasing and catching animals, [one] should not kill them; those that pursue and catch animals are to be killed. Dogs killed by the wardens in the guarded Forbidden Garden are to be handed over to the authorities intact; those that are killed in other forbidden ranches may be eaten, but the skin is to be handed over. Statutes on Agriculture