No other misfortune can be compared with the loss of time.
没有什么不幸可以和时间的损失相比了。---伊凡·屠格涅夫
一、音标
“compare” 的音标为英 [kəmˈpeə(r)],美 [kəmˈper]。
二、单词详细解释
“compare” 常见词性为动词,主要有以下几种含义:
- 比较;对照
to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are different。例如:Compare the two methods and see which one is more efficient.(比较这两种方法,看看哪一种更有效率。) - 把…… 比作
to say that one person or thing is like another。例如:Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.(莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。) - 相比;比得上
to be as good, bad, important etc as someone or something else。例如:Nothing can compare with the beauty of nature.(没有什么能与大自然的美丽相比。)
三、记忆方法
- 词根词缀法
“compare” 由前缀 “com-”(表示 “一起”)和词根 “-pare”(表示 “平等、准备”)组成,把两个事物放在一起看是否平等,也就是 “比较” 的意思。 - 联想记忆法
“com” 发音类似 “看”,“pare” 发音类似 “配”,可以联想为 “看一下两者是否相配”,也就是在进行 “比较”。 - 拆分记忆法
拆分成 “com” 和 “pare”,“com” 可记成 “共同”,“pare” 可记成 “pair”(一对),共同看一对事物,就是 “比较”。 - 语境记忆法
阅读包含 “compare” 的大量句子、短文或文章,在具体语境中理解和记忆单词。比如阅读科技类文章中关于不同实验方法比较的内容。 - 图形记忆法
绘制一幅图,比如画两个物品,旁边有一个人在拿着它们进行对比,通过图形来加深对 “比较” 这个含义的记忆。 - 歌曲记忆法
如果有包含 “compare” 这个单词的英文歌曲,通过学唱歌曲来记忆。 - 游戏记忆法
和同学或朋友玩猜词游戏,一个人描述 “compare” 的意思,其他人猜单词。 - 近义词对比记忆法
将 “compare” 与 “contrast” 对比记忆,“compare” 侧重于比较两者的相同点和不同点,“contrast” 更强调对比两者的差异。 - 造句记忆法
自己用 “compare” 造几个句子,比如 Compare your answer with mine and see if there are any differences.(把你的答案和我的比较一下,看看有没有什么不同。)
四、英语四六级与考研可以替换的同义词
- contrast
动词,意为 “对比;对照”,侧重于突出两者的差异。例如:We should contrast the two cultures to understand their differences better.(我们应该对比这两种文化,以便更好地理解它们的差异。)注意事项:使用时更强调对比出不同之处,而不是像 “compare” 那样可兼顾相同点和不同点。 - equate
动词,意思是 “使相等;等同;同等看待”。例如:You can't equate wealth with happiness.(你不能把财富和幸福等同起来。)注意事项:常用于将两个不同概念视为等同的情况。 - liken
动词,“把…… 比作;比拟”。例如:The poet likens the rose to a beautiful girl.(诗人把玫瑰比作一个美丽的女孩。)注意事项:通常用于文学或形象化的表达中。 - measure
动词,有 “衡量;比较” 的意思。例如:We need to measure the effectiveness of this new policy.(我们需要衡量这项新政策的有效性。)注意事项:侧重于通过一定的标准来衡量或比较。 - assess
动词,“评价;评定;估算”,在比较事物价值、能力等方面可与 “compare” 替换。例如:We should assess the risks before making a decision.(在做决定之前,我们应该评估风险。)注意事项:更强调对事物进行评估和判断。 - weigh
动词,“权衡;考虑;比较”。例如:Weigh the pros and cons before you make a choice.(在你做选择之前,权衡一下利弊。)注意事项:常用于权衡利弊、重要性等情况。 - parallel
动词,“与…… 相似;与…… 相当;比得上”。例如:No one can parallel his achievements in this field.(在这个领域没有人能比得上他的成就。)注意事项:强调两者在程度、性质等方面相似或相当。 - collate
动词,“核对;对照;整理”,用于比较文件、数据等资料时可替换 “compare”。例如:We need to collate these documents to find the differences.(我们需要核对这些文件以找出差异。)注意事项:更侧重于有组织地核对和整理资料。 - juxtapose
动词,“把…… 并列;使并置”,通过并置来进行比较。例如:The artist juxtaposed different colors to create a unique effect.(这位艺术家把不同的颜色并列在一起以创造出独特的效果。)注意事项:常用于艺术、文学等领域中通过并置来展现对比。
五、英语四六级与考研常用词组
- compare...with...
把…… 与…… 相比较。例如:Compare your composition with the model one, and you'll find your mistakes.(把你的作文和范文比较一下,你就会发现自己的错误。) - compare...to...
把…… 比作……;与…… 相比。例如:People often compare children to the rising sun.(人们常常把孩子比作初升的太阳。) - beyond/without compare
无与伦比;举世无双。例如:The beauty of this place is beyond compare.(这个地方的美丽无与伦比。) - compare notes
交换意见;交流看法;核对笔记。例如:After the meeting, we compared notes to make sure we understood everything correctly.(会议结束后,我们交换了意见以确保我们都正确理解了所有内容。) - as compared with/to
与…… 相比。例如:As compared with last year, our sales have increased by 20%.(与去年相比,我们的销售额增长了 20%。) - not to be compared with
无法与…… 相比;比不上……。例如:This new product is not to be compared with the old one in terms of quality.(在质量方面,这个新产品无法与旧产品相比。) - compare favorably with/to
比得上;比…… 好。例如:Our product compares favorably with similar products on the market.(我们的产品比得上市场上的同类产品。) - compare unfavorably with/to
比…… 差;与…… 相比相形见绌。例如:His performance compared unfavorably with that of his classmates.(他的表现与同学们相比相形见绌。) - in comparison (with/to)
与…… 相比较。例如:In comparison with other students, he is more diligent.(与其他学生相比,他更加勤奋。)
六、往年英语四六级与考研真题例句 9 条
- 2019 年考研英语真题
When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates. Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.(当发展中国家的人们担心移民问题时,他们通常担心的是本国最优秀、最聪明的人才前往硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学的前景。这些正是英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家试图通过给予大学毕业生优惠的移民政策来吸引的人才。许多研究发现,发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其有可能移民。2004 年对印度家庭的一项大型调查发现,近 40% 的移民拥有高中以上学历,而在所有 25 岁以上的印度人中,这一比例约为 3.3%。)这里 “compared with” 用于对比移民和所有 25 岁以上印度人拥有高中以上学历的比例。 - 2018 年考研英语真题
The researchers from Ohio University used a policy evaluation approach to compare the employment outcomes of youths on "Opportunity Ohio" with those on other programs, including the state's Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program.(俄亥俄大学的研究人员采用了一种政策评估方法,将参加 “俄亥俄机遇” 项目的年轻人的就业成果与参加其他项目的年轻人的就业成果进行了比较,其中包括该州的 “贫困家庭临时援助”(TANF)项目。)“compare...with...” 表示对不同项目下年轻人就业成果的比较。 - 2017 年考研英语真题
But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world. Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. (但蒂娜・罗森伯格在她的新书《加入俱乐部》中认为,同辈压力也可以通过她所说的 “社会治愈” 成为一种积极的力量,在这种 “社会治愈” 中,组织和官员利用群体动力的力量来帮助个人改善生活,甚至可能改善整个世界。普利策奖得主罗森伯格列举了许多正在实施的 “社会治愈” 的例子:在南卡罗来纳州,一个名为 “向烟雾宣战” 的州政府资助的反吸烟项目旨在让吸烟变得不再时髦。在南非,一个名为 “热爱生活” 的预防艾滋病倡议组织招募年轻人在同龄人中推广安全性行为。这个想法似乎很有前景,而且罗森伯格是一位敏锐的观察者。她对许多公共卫生宣传活动的无力之处的批评是一针见血的:这些活动未能调动同辈压力来促进健康习惯,而且它们对心理学的理解存在严重缺陷。“敢于与众不同,请勿吸烟!” 一个旨在减少青少年吸烟的广告牌宣传活动这样呼吁 —— 而青少年最渴望的就是融入群体。罗森伯格令人信服地指出,公共卫生倡导者应该向广告商学习,广告商非常善于利用同辈压力。但在 “社会治愈” 的总体效果方面,罗森伯格的说服力就没那么强了。《加入俱乐部》一书中充斥着太多无关紧要的细节,而对那些使同辈压力如此强大的社会和生物学因素的探讨却不够。这里所呈现的 “社会治愈” 最明显的缺陷是,它无法长时间有效地发挥作用。一旦州政府的资金被削减,“向烟雾宣战” 项目就失败了。“热爱生活” 项目能产生持久变化的证据有限且相互矛盾。毫无疑问,我们的同辈群体对我们的行为有着巨大的影响。越来越多的研究表明,积极的健康习惯以及消极的习惯都会通过社交在朋友网络中传播。这是一种微妙的同辈压力形式:我们无意识地模仿我们每天看到的行为。然而,专家和官员能否成功地选择我们的同辈群体并引导他们的活动朝着良性方向发展,就远没有那么确定了。这就像老师把后排的捣乱分子分开,让他们与行为更好的同学配对。这种策略从来都没有真正奏效过。这就是从外部设计的 “社会治愈” 的问题所在:在现实世界中,就像在学校里一样,我们坚持选择自己的朋友。)文中没有直接明显的 “compare” 相关词组,但在研究不同项目效果等方面存在比较的逻辑,可结合 “compare” 来理解研究思路。 - 2016 年考研英语真题
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted on 1,932 unique subjects which compared pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both samples. While 1% may seem insignificant, it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even know their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who resemble our kin." The study also found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now. Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more to it. There could be many mechanisms working together that drive us in choosing genetically similar friends rather than "functional kinship" of being friends with benefits!(这项研究是对 1932 名独特的研究对象进行的全基因组分析,比较了没有亲属关系的朋友对和没有亲属关系的陌生人对。两个样本中使用的是相同的人群。虽然 1% 可能看起来微不足道,但对于遗传学家来说并非如此。正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学遗传学教授詹姆斯・福勒所说:“大多数人甚至不认识他们的远房表亲,但不知何故却能选择与我们亲属相似的人作为朋友。” 这项研究还发现,朋友之间在嗅觉基因方面有一些共同点,但在免疫基因方面却没有。目前很难解释为什么嗅觉基因会存在这种相似性。也许,正如研究小组所暗示的那样,它把我们吸引到了相似的环境中,但还有更多的原因。可能有许多机制共同作用,促使我们选择基因相似的朋友,而不是基于利益的 “功能性亲属关系” 的朋友!)“compared pairs of...” 表明对不同人群配对进行比较。 - 2020 年英语六级真题
The researchers compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world.(研究人员比较了世界上 37 个城市投入交通领域的财富比例。)“compared the proportion of...” 体现了对不同城市在交通领域投入财富比例的比较。 - 2019 年英语六级真题
When compared with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountains do not seem high at all.(与整个地球的大小相比,最高的山脉似乎一点也不高。)“when compared with” 用于引出比较对象,说明与地球大小比较后山脉高度的情况。 - 2018 年英语六级真题
They compared how these organisms behaved when left in the dark and when exposed to light.(他们比较了这些生物体在黑暗中以及暴露在光线下时的行为表现。)“compared how...” 展示了对生物体在不同环境下行为的比较。 - 2017 年英语四级真题
In contrast, they might only compare prices among items from different stores.(相比之下,他们可能只是在不同商店的商品之间比较价格。)这里虽然用的是 “in contrast”,但在表达比较的语境中,与 “compare” 有一定关联,可理解为在进行比较的一种表达形式。 - 2016 年英语四级真题
We compared the human brain to a computer just now, but there is an important difference.(我们刚才把人类大脑比作一台计算机,但有一个重要的区别。)“compared...to...” 表示把人类大脑比作计算机。
七、在英语四六级与考研中应用
在英语四六级和考研的阅读理解、写作、翻译等题型中,“compare” 及其相关词组和同义词都有广泛的应用。
- 阅读理解
在阅读文章中,常常会出现关于不同事物、观点、数据等的比较,需要考生理解 “compare” 相关表达的含义,从而准确把握文章内容。比如在科技类文章中,可能会比较不同实验方法的优劣;在社会类文章中,会比较不同群体的行为特点等。 - 写作
在写作中,使用 “compare” 及其同义词和词组可以丰富表达。例如在论述观点时,可以用 “compare...with...” 来比较不同观点的异同;用 “beyond compare” 来强调某个事物的独特性
【考研常识】链接:
1. 考研全日制与非全日制区别
2. 考研学硕与专硕的区别
3. 【考研常识】定向与非定向
注:提供考研专业院校规划、资料课程答疑,单击左下角“阅读原文”可以查看