美国商业地产,下一颗“暗雷”?| 经济学人财经

财富   2024-09-12 08:54   浙江  

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精读|翻译|词组
American office delinquencies are shooting up

美国办公楼贷款逾期率飙升

英文部分选自经济学人20240824期财经板块

Finance & economics | Long time coming


American office delinquencies are shooting up

美国办公楼贷款逾期率飙升


How worried should investors be?

投资者们该有多焦虑?


American officesoften break records. Tech firms mark their progress with ever more outlandish designs. Manhattan blocks vie to be the tallest. This year, though, a worse kind of record has been broken. Offices have hit a 20.1% vacancy rate, according to Moody’s, which is the highest since 1979, when the rating agency began to keep track.


美国办公楼时常打破过往的记录。科技公司总是以愈发奇特的设计来彰显他们的进步,曼哈顿的楼宇总是在竞争最高楼的头衔。不过今年打破的却是一项令人不安的记录。根据穆迪数据,美国办公室的空置率达到了20.1%,是自1979年穆迪开始追踪这一数据以来的最高值。


Problems are now starting to spread. In July lending worth 8% of the value of mortgage securities backed by offices were delinquent, the highest since 2013 and exceeding those on even long-troubled retail-property securities (see chart). Loans taken out by property firms in the low-interest heyday of the pre-pandemic years, bundled into such securities, are now coming up for refinancing. This will pose tough questions for financial institutions.


问题已经开始蔓延了。在七月份,8%的办公楼抵押贷款支持债券(Mortgage backed securities)的贷款逾期,是2013年以来的最高水平。这一数值甚至比长期深陷泥潭的零售房产债券还要糟糕(见下图)。房地产公司于疫情前低利率的鼎盛时代借入的贷款被打包成此类证券,如今这些贷款正面临再融资,这无疑会给金融机构带来严峻的挑战。


注释

抵押支持债券 (Mortgage backed securities): 一种以房屋抵押贷款为基础的的贷款投资债券。抵押支持债券的运行模式可以理解为买房者向银行贷款,银行收集其发行的一定量的贷款,然后打包出售给第三方机构,银行就收回了贷款本金。


Amid a property downturn in the 1990s, Sam Zell, an investor, famously repeated the mantra of “stay alive until ’95”. Now the goal is to stay alive until ’25, in the hope that the Federal Reserve will cut rates enough to make refinancing viable. But is there anything for property managers to live for? Remote working is here to stay. Last year a third of workers carried out some or all of their job from home. Downtown districts are worst affected: some 32% of office space in San Francisco and 23% in Austin now sits empty.


20世纪90年代,房市低迷,投资人山姆泽尔(Sam Zell)曾多次重复那句名言 活到1995。而当下目标是活到2025年,希望美联储届时将大幅降息,使再融资成为可能。但即便如此,物业管理者还有什么值得期待的吗?远程办公已经成为常态。在去年,三分之一的员工在家里进行了部分或者全部的工作。市中心地区受影响最深,洛杉矶和奥斯汀的办公楼的空置率分别为32%23%


Assume that holding on and hoping does not work out for office owners, and that foreclosures become common. There are three groups that may be left holding the bag. The first is investors. About half of all commercial-property loans have been made by institutions such as insurance companies and private-equity firms, as well as via the debt markets. These players may well take a bath, which is the risk they bore when they bought securities or issued loans. No major creditor is likely to take losses significant enough to imperil itself.

假设继续持有并祈祷降息的策略对写字楼业主不起作用,同时丧失抵押品赎回权愈发普遍,那么可能会有三类群体受到冲击。第一类是投资者。大约有一半的商业地产贷款是由保险公司、私募股权公司等机构以及债务市场提供。这些投资者可能会遭受严重损失,这是他们购买债券或发放贷款时就承担的风险。但是,主要债权人的损失不会大到足以威胁自身的生存。


注释:

1.foreclosures: Foreclosure is when someone who has lent money to a person or organization so that they can buy property takes possession of the property because the money has not been repaid. (抵押品) 赎回权取消

2.hold the bag: 背黑锅:指被迫承担责任或后果,尤其是因为他人的错误或失误。孤立无援:指处于困境或困难中,没有他人的支持或帮助。


The second is the big banks. They are the lenders most likely to be on the hook for the sourest of loans, because they are the only institutions sufficiently large to lend for shiny downtown skyscrapers in top-tier cities. Four times as many of their commercial-property loans have been delinquent for more than 30 days, compared with those of banks with assets under $100bn. But they lend enough that any hit may not be noticeable.


第二类是大型银行。它们最有可能承担最糟糕的贷款风险,因为只有它们规模足够大,能够为一线城市中心的豪华摩天大楼提供贷款。与资产少于1000亿美元的银行相比,大型银行逾期30天以上的不良商业地产贷款是前者四倍。但它们的贷款规模足够大,以至于即使遭受损失,影响可能也不会太明显。


That leaves smaller and regional lenders, where commercial-property loans make up a bigger share of total lending. As of May there were more than 250 banksin America that had made enough loans secured by commercial real estate that regulators considered their portfolios risky, according to s&p Global, another rating agency. With the exception of New York Community Bank, which flirted with bankruptcy earlier this year, their loans mostly tend to be smaller and less focused in city centres: think a suburban dental office, not a Park Avenue tower. Although banks will be scarred, unless things go pear-shaped not too many will go under. By logging in from home, workers have inflicted economic pain on others, but not so much that they will sink the financial system. 


最后是小型和地区贷款机构,这些机构的商业地产贷款在其总贷款中的占比更大。根据另一家评级机构标普全球的数据,截至5月,美国有超过250家银行发放了太多以商业地产为抵押的贷款,因而监管机构认为其资产组合存在风险。除了今年早些时候差点破产的纽约社区银行外,这些贷款大多规模较小,且不太集中在市中心:比如郊区的牙科诊所,而不是公园大道的摩天大楼。尽管银行会受到打击,但除非情况急剧恶化,否则不会有太多银行倒闭。员工们远程工作虽然确实给他人带来了经济损失,但还不足以动摇整个金融体系。


注释:
1.go pear-shaped:出问题,出毛病

2.inflictinflict harm or damage on someone or something means to make them suffer it. 使遭受 (伤害或破坏等)


翻译组:

Vivifang,顺应周期,爱与自由同时发生

Dreamian ,寻找着方向的人,一路走走停停再回首看看


校对组:

Alexis, Less is more

Harold,不狂不放不申花

Hannah, 做个废柴,保持愉快。


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