最简版英语语法12:独立主格
文摘
教育
2024-09-14 07:00
黑龙江
英文与中文一样,也有名词、动词、形容词等。唯一不同的是,中文没有冠词。英语句子成分也是主谓宾定状补等。一般名词作为主语、宾语,动词作为谓语。
先回忆一下从句。从句是用一个句子来代替一个词,作为句子成分。When her work was done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 当她干完了活,她坐下来喝了杯茶。前半句是从句,后半句是主句,从句属于主句,只是主句的一部分。下面改变之后,意思一样,更加精简。Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.独立主格Absolute Phrase,又称为独立结构。你只要记住这个核心:独立主格是为了简化从句。比如上一个句子,When her work was done,是状语从句,有引导词when,有谓语was。如果改成独立主格,her work done,没了引导词,没了谓语动词。看似不完整,却是最标准的独立主格的形式,简化了从句。Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就进行比赛。这句话的前半句相当于是If the weather permits…The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。这句话的前半句相当于是After the job was finished…The last bus gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了,我们不得不走路回家。这句话的前半句相当于是Because the last bus had gone…So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 这么多人帮助他,他一定会成功。His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. 他朋友今晚要来,他正忙着准备晚餐呢。这句话的前半句相当于是Because his friends are to come tonight…He entered the room, his face pale. 他走进屋,脸色苍白。She sat at the table, head down. 她坐在桌前,低着头。A girl came in, book in hand. 一个女孩进来,手里拿着书。形容词、副词、介词短语,直接形容主语,相当于补充说明,结构简单,能省则省。There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。为什么不是There was nothing else to do?这样的话,一句话就出现了两个谓语动词。这句话的前半句相当于是Because there was nothing else to do……It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。第5、6种形式的being,其实和第1种形式的现在分词,本质是一样的。所以,其实独立主格就是删掉从句的连接词,然后变谓语动词为非谓语动词。我们经常见到“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,也是独立主格。The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。=With the job finished, we went home. 只是这里的with被省略了。A girl came in, with a book in her hand. 一个女孩进来,手里拿着书。=A girl came in, book in hand. 你发现没有,当省略with之后,同时也可以省略冠词和代词。简而言之:要省略就都省略,要么每个部分都需要完整。1、独立主格是从句的进一步简化。独立主格=状语从句;2、变化形式:名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语;3、“there being”和“代词+being”,这两种形式中的being不能省略;4、with引导独立主格,冠词、代词不能省略。省略with之后,冠词、代词也要同时消失;5、独立主格的核心变换是:省略连接词,变谓语动词为非谓语动词,或者直接删掉;