注释与参考文献:
[1] Dayanath Jayasuriya, “Sri Lanka: The Return of the Strongman,” The Round Table, Vol.109, No.5, 2020, pp.610-611; 王瑟:《拉贾帕克萨家族回归:斯里兰卡面临新拐点》,《世界知识》,2019年第24期,第52~53页。
[2] 方忱:《后强人时代的斯里兰卡》,《南风窗》,2015年第3期,第77~79页。
[3] 李捷:《南亚极端民族主义与民族分裂主义研究:以斯里兰卡为例》,兰州大学出版社,2014年版,第3~4页;Chandra R. De Silva, “Sri Lanka in 2005: Continuing Political Turmoil,” Asian Survey, Vol.46, No.1, 2006. p.118; Neil DeVotta, “From Civil War to Soft Authoritarianism: Sri Lanka in Comparative Perspective,” Global Change, Peace and Security, Vol.22, No.3, 2010, pp.331-343; Daniel Krcmaric, Stephen C. Nelson and Andrew Roberts, “Studying Leaders and Elites: The Personal Biography Approach,” Annual Review of Political Science, Vol.23, No.1, 2020. p.9.
[4] Paul D. Kenny, “The Origins of Patronage Politics: State Building, Centrifugalism, and Decolonization,” British Journal of Political Science, Vol.45, No.1, 2015, pp.141-171.
[5] Piyadasa Edirisuriya, “The Rise and Grand Fall of Sri Lanka’s Mahinda Rajapaksa,” Asian Survey, Vol.57, No.2, 2017, pp.211-228.[6] Garry Rodan and Kanishka Jayasuriya, “Capitalist Development, Regime Transitions and New Forms of Authoritarianism in Asia,” The Pacific Review, Vol.22, No.1, 2009, pp.23-47; Mikael Wigell, “Mapping ‘Hybrid Regimes’: Regime Types and Concepts in Comparative Politics,” Democratization, Vol.15, No.2, 2008, pp.230-250.
[7] 占美柏:《威权政治下的宪法权威——二战后东亚国家的政治体制转型》,《东南亚研究》,2005年第3期,第64页。
[8] Hiroki Miwa, “Strong President and Vulnerable Political System in Sri Lanka,” in Yuko Kasuya ed., Presidents, Assemblies and Policy-making in Asia (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013), pp.134-155.
[9] See T. Persson and G.E. Tabellini, The Economic Effects of Constitutions (Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 2005), p.276; Philip Keefer, “What Does Political Economy Tell Us about Economic Development and Vice Versa?” Annual Review of Political Science, Vol.7, No.1, 2004, pp.247-272.
[10] Mick Moore, “Retreat from Democracy in Sri Lanka?” Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol.30, No.1, 1992. p.72.[11] Laksiri Jayasuriya, “The Hybrid Regime in Post-Civil War Sri Lanka,” International Studies, Vol.49, No.3-4, 2012, p.439.
[12] Kalana Senaratne, “The Executive and the Constitutional Reforms Process in Sri Lanka,” The Round Table, Vol.108, No.6, 2019, pp.625-638.
[13] Rajesh Venugopal, “The Politics of Market Reform at a Time of Civil War: Military Fiscalism in Sri Lanka,” Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.46, No.49, 2011, pp.67-75.
[14] Piyadasa Edirisuriya, “The Rise and Grand Fall of Sri Lanka’s Mahinda Rajapaksa,” p.222.
[15] J. Basil Fernando, Sri Lanka: Militarization vs. Modernization (Hong Kong: Asia Monitor Resource Center, 1991), p.33.
[16] Piyadasa Edirisuriya, “The Rise and Grand Fall of Sri Lanka’s Mahinda Rajapaksa,”pp.211-228.
[17] Rajesh Venugopal, “Democracy, Development and the Executive Presidency in Sri Lanka,” Third World Quarterly, Vol.36, No.4, 2015, pp.670-690.
[18] David Dunham and Saman Kelegama, “Does Leadership Matter in the Economic Reform Process? Liberalization and Governance in Sri Lanka, 1989-1993,” World Development, Vol.25, No.2, 1997, p.179.
[19] Urmila Padnis, “Sri Lanka: Crises of Legitimacy and Integration,” in Larry Jay Diamond, Juan J. Linz and Seymour Martin Lipset eds., Democracy in Developing Countries: Asia (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1988), p.163.
[20] Bryce F. Ryan, Caste in Modern Ceylon: The Sinhalese System in Transition (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1953).
[21] Janice Jiggins, Caste and Family in the Politics of the Sinhalese 1947-1976 (London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp.151-153.
[22] 江潇潇:《斯里兰卡种姓研究》,北京外国语大学2014年博士学位论文,第103~107页。
[23] Marshall R. Singer, The Emerging Elite: A Study of Political Leadership in Ceylon (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1964), pp.48-142.
[24] Tissa Fernando, “Elite Politics in the New States: The Case of Post-Independence Sri Lanka,” Pacific Affairs, Vol.46, No.3, 1973, pp.361-383.
[25] Jonathan Spencer, “The Vanishing Elite: The Political and Cultural Work of Nationalist Revolution in Sri Lanka,” in Cris Shore and Stephen Nugent eds., Elite Cultures: Anthropological Perspectives (London and New York: Routledge, 2002), pp.93-106.
[26] Janice Jiggins, Caste and Family in the Politics of the Sinhalese 1947-1976, pp.96-121.
[27] 徐勇:《家族政治:亚洲政治的魔咒》,《学术月刊》,2010年第12期,第19页。
[28] H. Kumarasingham, “Elite Patronage over Party Democracy: High Politics in Sri Lanka Following Independence,” Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol.52, No.1, 2014, p.182.
[29] Janice Jiggins, Caste and Family in the Politics of the Sinhalese 1947-1976, p.119.
[30] Amita Shastri, “The Post-Colonial States of South Asia: Democracy, Identity, Development and Security,” in Amita Shastri and A. Jeyaratnam Wilson eds., The Post-Colonial States of South Asia: Democracy, Development and Identity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001), p.3.
[31] James Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, “Comparative Historical Analysis: Achievements and Agendas,” in James Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschemeyer eds., Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp.3-38.
[32] Paul Pierson, Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004), p.89.
[33] Dan Slater and Erica Simmons, “Informative Regress: Critical Antecedents in Comparative Politics,” Comparative Political Studies, Vol.43, No.7, 2010, pp.886-917.
[34] Derek Beach and Rasmus Brun Pedersen, Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines (Second Edition), pp.69-73.
[35] 楼春豪:《家族政治:印度民主政治的悖论还是必然》,《云大地区研究》,2019年第2期,第131~132页;Neil DeVotta, “Sri Lanka: From Turmoil to Dynasty,” Journal of Democracy, Vol.22, No.2, 2011, pp.130-144.
[36] Kenneth Prewitt, “Political Socialization and Leadership Selection,” The American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.361, No.1, 1965, pp.96-111.
[37] Jemma Purdey, “Political Families in Southeast Asia,” South East Asia Research, Vol.24, No.3, 2016, pp.319-327.
[38] 徐勇:《家族政治:亚洲政治的魔咒》,第15~16页。[39] 陈金英:《南亚现代家族政治研究》,《国际论坛》,2011年第4期,第73页。
[40] Leon Hurwitz, “Contemporary Approaches to Political Stability,” Comparative Politics, Vol.5, No.3, 1973, pp.449-463; Claude Ake, “A Definition of Political Stability,” Comparative Politics, Vol.7, No.2, 1975, pp.271-283.
[41] Luther T. Jansen, “Measuring Family Solidarity,” American Sociological Review, Vol.17, No.6, 1952, pp.727-733.
[42] Peter L. Heller, “Familism Scale: A Measure of Family Solidarity,” Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol.32, No.1, 1970, pp.73-80.
[43] Kay Young McChesney and Vern L. Bengtson, “Solidarity, Integration, and Cohesion in Families: Concepts and Theories,” in D. Mangen, V. Bengtson and P. Landry eds., Measurement of Intergenerational Relations (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988), pp.15-30.
[44] Robert E. L. Roberts, Leslie N. Richards and Vern Bengtson, “Intergenerational Solidarity in Families,” Marriage and Family Review, Vol.16, No.1-2, 1991, pp.11-46.
[45] Richard Christie and Florence L. Geis, Studies in Machiavellianism (New York: Academic Press, 1970); 秦峰、许芳:《黑暗人格三合一研究述评》,《心理科学进展》,2013年第7期,第12~48页。
[46] Laurence Whitehead, “Personalist Leadership Styles and Legacies: A Comparative Survey of East and Southeast Asian Nations,” in Hsin-Huang Michael Hsiao ed., Democracy or Alternative Political Systems in Asia: After the Strongmen (New York: Routledge, 2014), pp.18-23.
[47] Jayadeva Uyangoda, “Sri Lanka in 2010: Regime Consolidation in a Post-Civil War Era,” Asian Survey, Vol.51, No.1, 2011, pp.131-137.
[48] Richard Javad Heydarian, The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt against Elite Democracy (Singapore: Springer, 2017); 吴杰伟:《超越裙带政治之路:“民粹主义”与杜特尔特的“强人政治”》,《东南亚研究》,2018年第5期,第118页。
[49] 尹继武、郑建君、李宏洲:《特朗普的政治人格特质及其政策偏好分析》,《现代国际关系》,2017年第2期,第15~22页;王一鸣、时殷弘:《特朗普行为的根源——人格特质与对外政策偏好》,《外交评论(外交学院学报)》,2018年第1期,第98~127页;段德敏:《美国特朗普时代的强人政治》,《文化纵横》,2018年第4期,第30~37页;张勇:《韬晦之“鸷”:安倍晋三人格特质与对外政策偏好》,《外交评论(外交学院学报)》,2017年第6期,第105~131页;林民旺:《世界政治重新回到“强人时代”?》,《世界知识》,2017年第8期,第47页。
[50] Archie Brown, The Myth of the Strong Leader: Political Leadership in the Modern Age (London: Basic Books, 2014), pp.74-102;张汉:《世界政治中的强人政治何以可能?——动员能力与组织—制度约束》,《中央社会主义学院学报》,2019年第2期,第58页。
[51] Dan Slater, “Iron Cage in an Iron Fist: Authoritarian Institutions and the Personalization of Power in Malaysia,” Comparative Politics, Vol.36, No.1, 2003, pp.96-97.
[52] Brian Lai and Dan Slater, “Institutions of the Offensive: Domestic Sources of Dispute Initiation in Authoritarian Regimes, 1950-1992,” American Journal of Political Science, Vol.50, No.1, 2006, pp.113-126.
[53] Alvin Camba et al., “Strongmen Politics and Investment Flows: China’s Investments in Malaysia and the Philippines,” Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Vol.28, No.3, 2021, p.2.
[54] S.W.R. de A. Samarasinghe, “The 1994 Parliamentary Elections in Sri Lanka: A Vote for Good Governance,” Asian Survey, Vol.34, No.12, 1994, p.1022.
[55] Graeme H. Wilson, CBK: Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga and Her Leadership of Sri Lanka (Colombo: Media Prima, 2005), p.153.
[56] 胡仕胜:《荆棘满途——库马拉通加夫人踏上坎坷连任路》,《世界知识》,2000年第3期,第24~25页。
[57] 斯里兰卡档案,编号03COLOMBO1988_a, James F. Entwistle, “Biographical Sketches of Key Advisers to President Chandrika Kumaratunga”.
[58] 斯里兰卡档案,编号05COLOMBO1994_a, Jeffrey J. Lunstead, “Biographic Information on New Foreign Minister Mangala Samaraweera”.
[59] Nira Wickramasinghe, “Sri Lanka in 2007: Military Successes, but at Humanitarian and Economic Costs,” Asian Survey, Vol.48, No.1, 2008, p.196.
[60] Neil DeVotta, “From Civil War to Soft Authoritarianism: Sri Lanka in Comparative Perspective,” p.333.
[61] 源于僧伽罗语报刊资料。See A. D. Ranjith Kumar, “D. A. Who Washed His Hands and Signed the Nomination in the Field,” Silumina, October 31, 2020.
[62] “鲁胡纳(Ruhuna)”是古代锡兰王国南部僧伽罗王朝的名称,近现代多以“鲁胡纳”指代斯里兰卡南部地区。See Mahinda Pathegama, The Real History of Ruhuna (Colombo: S. Godage, 2016).
[63] Amarasingha Kudagalara, “D. A. Rajapaksa: A Huge Personality in the Middle,” Dinamina, March 30, 2012. https://archives.dinamina.lk/2012/03/30/_art.asp?fn=f1203304
[64] 根据僧伽罗语版报刊资料整理。详见Sugatapala Mendis, “D.A. Rajapaksa: The Heart Extinguished People’s Sorrows,” Dinamina, November 7, 2020.
[65] D. E. W Gunasekara, “D.A. Rajapaksa: The Pulse of Ruhuna,” Sunday Times, November 6, 2011. https://www.sundaytimes.lk/111106/News/nws_23.html
[66] 斯里兰卡档案,编号05COLOMBO1981_a, Jeffrey J. Lunstead, “Sri Lanka: Biographic Information on President Mahinda Rajapakse”.[67] Harini Amarasuriya, “Elite Politics and Dissent in Sri Lanka,” The South Asianist Journal, Vol.4, No.1, 2015, pp.7-8.
[68] “List of Ministries and the Relavant Ministers with Effect from January 28, 2007,” Parliament of Sri Lanka, Feb. 6, 2007. https://parliament.lk/en/news-en/view/33?category=6
[69] 斯里兰卡档案,编号07COLOMBO698_a, Robert O. Blake, “President Relies on Brothers for Policy Advice and Political Cover”.
[70] Piyadasa Edirisuriya, “The Rise and Grand Fall of Sri Lanka’s Mahinda Rajapaksa,” p.216.
[71] Sugatapala Mendis, “D.A. Rajapaksa: The Heart Extinguished People’s Sorrows”.
[72] Sugatapala Mendis, “D.A. Rajapaksa: The Heart Extinguished People’s Sorrows”.
[73] 详见僧伽罗语报刊资料。Sandun Sayasekara, “Who Is Sirisena,” Lankadeepa, January 10, 2015, https://www.dailymirror.lk/60879/who-is-this-sirisena.
[74] Gabriel Domínguez, “Introducing Maithripala Sirisena: Sri Lanka’s New President,” Deutsche Welle, September 1, 2015, https://www.dw.com/en/introducing-maithripala-sirisena-sri-lankas-new-president/a-18181694.
[75] Harini Amarasuriya, “Elite Politics and Dissent in Sri Lanka,” p.8.[76] Neil DeVotta, “A Win for Democracy in Sri Lanka,” Journal of Democracy, Vol.27, No.1, 2016, pp.156-166.
[77] 关于《宪法第十九修正案》的详情参见杜敏、李泉:《斯里兰卡新政府的内政外交政策及挑战》,《南亚研究季刊》,2015年第4期,第16页。
[78] 何演:《斯里兰卡2019年总统大选及新政府政策走向》,《南亚研究季刊》,2020年第1期,第79页。[79] Central Bank of Sri Lanka, “Sri Lanka Socio Economic Data 2020-Volume XLIII,” August 2020, https://www.cbsl.gov.lk/sites/default/files/cbslweb_documents/publications/otherpub/publication_sri_lanka_socio_economic_data_folder_2020_e.pdf