母乳喂养保护宝宝免患婴儿猝死综合征
婴儿猝死综合征(SIDS)或称“摇篮死亡”，是指婴儿原因不明的意外死亡。婴儿猝死综合征可能发生在婴儿出生后第一年的任何时候。风险最高的时间是在第1-6个月期间。而婴儿窒息或憋闷是发生在婴儿无法呼吸的时候，这不同于死亡原因不明的婴儿猝死综合征。
婴儿猝死综合征最大的风险因素如下：
家庭成员吸烟
让婴儿脸朝下趴着睡觉(俯卧睡)
让婴儿独自待着，无人看护
配方奶喂养(参阅《甜蜜睡眠》第345页)
不管你如何喂养宝宝，或者你和宝宝在哪里睡觉，让宝宝仰卧睡觉同时不使用襁褓就是最安全的睡眠方式。
如果你要吸烟（包括电子烟），你能为宝宝做的最好的事情就是母乳喂养，了解这一点很重要！母乳喂养有助于减少吸烟对宝宝可能产生的一些负面影响。如果你吸烟的话，那么即使你从不在宝宝身边吸烟或者是一直在室外吸烟，也建议你不要和宝宝同床睡眠，可以把宝宝放在同一个房间的摇篮或婴儿床里睡觉，但不要紧挨着你的床。只要宝宝和你睡在同一个房间，你就能在晚上轻松地给宝宝喂奶。更多信息请参阅吸烟、“电子烟”、尼古丁和母乳喂养
如果婴儿有睡眠呼吸暂停，那么频繁夜醒有助于他们保持警醒。
研究人员怀疑，死于婴儿猝死综合征的婴儿是由于他们难以从深睡眠中醒来而造成的。不幸的是，父母用来试着让宝宝睡得更久的许多技巧实际上却增加了患婴儿猝死综合征的风险。
4.让宝宝趴着睡觉。
保证你的产奶量。
预防婴儿猝死综合征。
让宝宝整个晚上都能保持平静和放松。
睡在宝宝身边可以预防婴儿猝死综合征：
母乳妈妈把宝宝放在触手可及的范围内一同睡觉，即使两个人都睡着了，也能保持步调高度一致。你在调整姿势时的动作、呼吸和声音都会防止宝宝陷入深度睡眠的状态。有些宝宝会很难从深睡眠中醒来。
母乳妈妈与宝宝同床睡眠，即睡在同一张床上，通常会面对着宝宝睡觉。她们的一只胳膊放在宝宝脑袋上方，身体蜷着围住宝宝。(詹姆斯ž麦肯纳博士称之为Breastsleeping“乳房睡眠”)。喂完奶后，妈妈可以把宝宝从乳房上放回成仰卧姿势。这是预防婴儿猝死综合征最安全的睡眠姿势。
同床睡眠：
加拿大卫生部不建议和宝宝同床睡眠。然而，很多母乳妈妈会整晚或者夜里某段时间带着孩子同床睡。加拿大卫生部认识到了这一点，并提供了如何安全地同床睡眠的信息。英国国家医疗服务体系也推荐在安全的情况下同床睡眠。安全同床睡眠的父母要遵循下面的《安全睡眠七要诀》。
许多研究表明，同床睡眠提高了母乳喂养率并增加了夜间醒来的次数。母乳喂养和经常夜间醒来都可以预防婴儿猝死综合征。研究还表明，即便他们的宝宝醒得更多，同床睡眠的父母睡得更多。
安全床面检查清单：
沙发和躺椅
使婴儿无法自由抬头的松软或下垂的物件
床垫和床头板、侧栏杆、墙壁之间有空隙，可能会卡住婴儿
同床睡的人睡得很不老实或睡得特别沉
床上还有其他孩子
床上有宠物
不用的枕头
毛绒玩具
厚毯子和厚被子
任何悬挂或缠绕在周围的东西(如线、绳子、围巾、丝带、松紧带)
床面到地板的距离
地面的性质（如地砖比木地板或地毯潜在危险更大）
尖锐、易戳到或夹住孩子的地方
《安全睡眠七要诀》和《安全床面检查清单》来自《甜蜜睡眠: 母乳喂养家庭的午间和夜间睡眠策略》。
SIDS Prevention and Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding protects babies from SIDS
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) or “crib death” is the unexpected and unexplained death of a baby. SIDS can occur any time in the first year. The time of highest risk is between one to six months. Suffocation/smothering occurs when a baby cannot breathe. This is not the same as SIDS. SIDS deaths are unexplained.
Biggest risk factors for SIDS
smoking
laying a baby facedown for sleep (prone)
leaving a baby unattended
formula-feeding (Sweet Sleep, p.345)
Regardless of how you feed your baby or where you and baby sleep, putting your baby to sleep unswaddled on his back is the safest option.
Smoking cigarettes
It’s important to know that if you are going to smoke cigarettes or use e-cigarettes (‘vape’), the best thing you can do for your baby is breastfeed. Breastfeeding helps to minimize some of the negative effects that smoking can have on your baby. If you use nicotine, even if you never smoke around your baby or always smoke outdoors, it is recommended that you not share a bed with your baby. Instead, put your baby to sleep in a bassinet or crib in the same room, but not right next to your bed. With your baby in the same room as you, you can easily get to your baby during the night for feedings. See Smoking, ‘Vaping’, Nicotine and Breastfeeding for more information.
Waking frequently protects against SIDS
Frequent waking during the night helps babies to rouse themselves if they have sleep apneas (stopping breathing).
Researchers suspect that babies who die of SIDS do so because they have trouble rousing out of deep sleep. Sadly, many of the techniques that parents use to try to get their babies to sleep longer actually increase the risk of SIDS. Thus, it’s important to avoid:
giving your baby a big bottle of formula before bed.
putting your baby in a warm room alone away from any arousing noises you might make in the night.
tightly swaddling your baby.
putting your baby on their tummy to sleep.
Getting enough sleep while supporting your baby’s need to wake frequently at night helps to:
protect your milk supply.
prevent SIDS.
keep your baby calm and relaxed through the night.
Sleeping near your baby protects against SIDS
Breastfeeding mothers who sleep with their babies within arm’s reach are deeply in tune with their babies even when both are asleep. Your movements, breathing and noises, while adjusting your position, keeps your baby from falling into a deep sleep state. Some babies have difficulty waking from a deep sleep.
Breastfeeding mothers who bedshare, or sleep in the same bed as their babies, usually sleep facing their babies. They have one arm above their baby’s head and their body curled around their baby. (Dr. James McKenna calls this “breastsleeping.”) After feeding, mothers can roll their babies away from the breast onto their backs. This is the safest sleep position for SIDS prevention.
Bedsharing
Health Canada recommends not bedsharing with your baby. However, many breastfeeding mothers bring their babies in bed with them for all or part of the night. Health Canada recognizes this and provides information about how to bedshare safely. The National Health Service in the UK recommends bedsharing as long as it is done safely. Parents who bedshare safely follow the Safe Sleep Seven.
Many studies have shown that bedsharing increases breastfeeding rates and increases nighttime waking. Both breastfeeding and frequent night-waking are protective against SIDS. Studies also show that parents who bedshare get more sleep, even though their babies wake more frequently.
The Safe Surface Checklist:
Avoid these possible smothering risks:
Sofas and recliners.
Softness or sagging that keeps a baby from lifting his head freely.
Spaces between a mattress and headboard, side rails, and a wall where a baby could get stuck.
A bed partner who thrashes or sleeps exceptionally soundly.
Other children in the bed.
Pets in the bed.
Clear your bed of:
unused pillows.
stuffed toys.
heavy covers and comforters.
anything nearby that dangles or tangles (such as cords, strings, scarves, ribbons, elastics)
Check your bed for possible hazards:
Distance to floor.
Landing surface.
Sharp, poking, or pinching places. The Safe Sleep Seven and The Safe Surface Checklist are from Sweet Sleep: Nighttime and Naptime Strategies for the Breastfeeding Family.
资料来源：https://www.lllc.ca/sids-prevention-and-breastfeeding
参考文献References:
Resources for Parents
Basis: Baby Sleep Info Source, UK.
LLLI: Bedsharing and Breastfeeding
Mother Baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory
Bartick, M., Young, M., Louis-Jacques A., McKenna, J.J. and Ball, H.L. (2022). Bedsharing may partially explain the reduced risk of sleep-related death in breastfed infants. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 10:1081028. doi:10:3389/fped.2022.1081028
Blair, P.S., et al. Bedsharing and Breastfeeding: The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol #6, Revision 2019.
Health Canada. (February 10, 2023). Safe Sleep for Your Baby.
National Health Service, United Kingdom (NHS). Reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). (November 15, 2021).
Pitman, T., West, D., Wiessinger, D. (2014). Sweet Sleep: Nighttime and Naptime Strategies for the Breastfeeding Family.
Vennemann MM, Bajanowski T, Brinkmann B, Jorch G, Yücesan K, Sauerland C, Mitchell EA; GeSID Study Group. (2009, March). Does breastfeeding reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome? Pediatrics;123(3):e406-10.Doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2145. PMID: 19254976.
END
作者：加拿大母乳会
翻译：传艳
一审：Lynn
二审：Marien、笑仪、张艳莹
编辑：斯琦
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