第29届联合国气候变化大会（COP29）于2024年11月11日至24日在阿塞拜疆巴库成功举办。大会就气候融资、全球碳市场、科技创新、国家自主贡献（NDCs）等关键议题进行讨论，旨在通过国际合作应对气候变化。大会最终通过“巴库气候团结契约”等气候协定。尽管英美等国对协议表示赞赏，但广大发展中国家表达了对协议规定的气候融资数额的不满。中方指出“发达国家的资金承诺远远未能满足发展中国家的需要，发达国家的资金义务必须进一步明确”。随着气候危机进一步加剧，发达国家、发展中国家对治理气候变化所承担的责任和义务态度分歧严重，世界各国携手共同应对气候挑战、实现气候正义仍任重道远。
一
时政热词
1、net zero 净零排放
COP29 has closed in Azerbaijan to a mixed response from world leaders and civil society. Although the outcomes were not as ambitious as many hoped, they hold some opportunities for businesses to make progress in the transition to a Net Zero economy.
第29届联合国气候变化大会在阿塞拜疆闭幕，世界各国领导人和民间社会对此反应不一。尽管会议成果并不像许多人希望的那样丰硕，但也为企业向净零碳经济转型方面取得进展提供了机会。
（英文摘自2024.11.29The Carbon Trust网站）
The IPCC says reaching net zero alone will require a "substantial reduction in overall fossil fuel use, minimal use of unabated fossil fuels, and use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the remaining fossil fuel systems; energy conservation and efficiency; and greater integration across the energy system".
政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）称，要实现净零排放，就必须 “大幅减少化石燃料的总体使用量，尽量少使用未减产的化石燃料，并在剩余的化石燃料系统中使用碳捕集与封存技术（CCS）；节约能源，提高能效；加强整个能源系统的整合”。
（英文摘自2024.11.28 World Economic Forum网站）
2、geoengineering 地球工程技术
This is any technology that can help in the fight against climate change. Some people think that geo-engineering will be crucial in tackling climate change, but others believe that changing behaviours (like taking fewer flights) will be far more important.
（地球工程技术）指任何有助于应对气候变化的技术。有些人认为地球工程对应对气候变化至关重要，但也有人认为，改变如减少乘坐飞机等行为影响更为深远。
（英文摘自2024.11.11 BBC网站）
There are many academic and policy institutions, among them the Royal Society, calling for greater international governance of geoengineering more broadly, and the storage and permanence risks of geologically stored CO₂, as well as a broad array of supply chain, feedstock, and other standards pertaining to BECCS and negative emissions more widely.
包括英国皇家学会在内的许多学术和政策机构都呼吁对地球工程、地质储存的二氧化碳的储存和永久性风险，以及生物能源与碳捕获和储存（BECCS）和负排放相关供应链、原料和其他标准进行更广泛的国际管理。
（英文摘自2024.11.28 Chatham House网站）
3、carbon credit 碳信用
Countries agreed a deal at the COP29 climate conference on Saturday on rules for a global market to buy and sell carbon credits that proponents say will mobilize billions of dollars into new projects to help fight global warming.
各国在周六举行的第29届联合国气候变化大会上就全球碳信用额度买卖市场的规则达成了协议, 支持者认为这将为新项目带来数十亿美元的融资，帮助应对全球变暖问题。
（英文摘自2024.11.24 Reuters网站）
On country-to-country trading (Article 6.2), the decision out of COP29 provides clarity on how countries will authorize the trade of carbon credits and how registries tracking this will operate. And there is now reassurance that environmental integrity will be ensured up front through technical reviews in a transparent process.
关于国家间交易（第6.2条），COP29明确了各国将如何授权碳信用交易，以及跟踪交易的注册机构将如何运作。这将确保环境完整性能够通过程序透明的技术审查得到保障。
（英文摘自2024.11.24 United Nations Climate Change网站）
4、carbon market 碳市场
This progress in Article 6 negotiations, achieved at COP29, will be crucial for creating functional carbon markets, which are essential for meeting the Paris Agreement´s reduction targets and mobilizing much-needed finance.
第29届联合国气候变化大会上，第六条谈判取得的进展对于创建功能性碳市场至关重要，而功能性碳市场对于实现《巴黎协定》的减排目标和调动急需资金至关重要。
（英文摘自2024.11.26 World Economic Forum网站）
Countries agreed on the rules for a UN-backed global carbon market. This market will facilitate the trading of carbon credits, incentivizing countries to reduce emissions and invest in climate-friendly projects.
各国就联合国支持的全球碳市场规则达成一致。该市场将促进碳信用额的交易，激励各国减少排放，投资气候友好型项目。
（英文摘自2024.11.25 World Meteorological Organization网站）
5、climate finance 气候融资
Parties agreed on a “New Collective Quantified Goal for climate finance” to support developing countries in two parts: $1.3 trillion per year to be “enabled” by all actors and $300 billion for developed countries to take the lead on delivering.
缔约方商定了一项 “新的气候融资集体量化目标”，分两部分支持发展中国家：所有行为体每年集资1.3万亿美元，另由发达国家牵头提供3000亿美元。
（英文摘自2024.11.26 World Economic Forum网站）
A representative from the delegation of the European Union said the new climate finance goal would “simply will bring much, much more private money on the table, and that is what we need. And with these funds, we are confident we will reach the 1.3 trillion objective.”
一位欧盟代表团代表称，新的气候融资目标“将带来更多的私人资金，而这正是我们所需要的。有了这些资金，我们有信心实现1.3万亿的目标”。
（英文摘自2024.11.23 UN News网站）
6、Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) 国家自主贡献
Countries have to update their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by February under the terms of the Paris Agreement – and some announced their targets at COP29 in November.
根据《巴黎协定》的规定，各国必须在二月前更新其国家自主贡献（NDCs），一些国家在11月举办的第29届联合国气候变化大会上宣布了它们的国家自主贡献目标。
（英文摘自2024.11.26 World Economic Forum网站）
“Next, all eyes turn to the NDC 3.0 February deadline. All member states must now stretch ambition to ensure we can live up to the 1.5°C promise,” Andersen said. “The NDC plans can unleash a wave of resilient economic growth, new jobs and address cost of living challenges,” she added.
联合国环境规划署执行主任安德森说：“下一步，所有人在关注国家自主贡献3.0在2025年2月份的最后期限。所有成员国都必须扩大其进取心，以确保我们能够实现1.5°C的承诺。”她补充说：“国家自主贡献的计划能够掀起一波弹性的经济增长浪潮，创造新的就业机会，并解决生活成本方面的挑战。”
（英文摘自2024.11.24 UN Environment Programme网站）
图片来源：Earth Negotiations Bulletin, International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
二
文化速递
1、Baku Stadium巴库体育场
Baku Stadium is more than just a venue for sports and entertainment; it is a symbol of Azerbaijan's ambition and its ability to host international events. It plays a crucial role in promoting sports, inclusivity, culture, and tourism in the region. Officially opened on March 18, 2015, it stands as one of the largest and most modern stadiums in the region, showcasing Azerbaijan's growing prominence in international mega events.
巴库体育场不仅是一个体育和娱乐场所，它还代表了阿塞拜疆的雄心壮志以及承接国际大型活动的能力。巴库体育场在促进该地区的体育、包容性、文化和旅游业方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它于2015年3月18日正式启用，是该地区最大、最现代化的体育场馆之一，它展示了阿塞拜疆在国际大型活动中日益突出的地位。
2、Culture-Based Climate Action基于文化的气候行动
The second High-Level Ministerial Meeting for Culture-Based Climate Action took place at COP29 on 15 November. HRH Princess Dana Firas of Jordan, Climate Heritage Network Special Envoy, gave a forceful speech on behalf of Civil Society, calling for a cultural workshop request included in the final decisions taken at COP29 – an essential step to pave the way towards the adoption of a Joint Work on Culture and Climate Action Decision at COP30 in Belem, Brazil, and achieving the ultimate goal of the Global Call Campaign: a UNFCCC Work Plan on Culture.
11月15日，第二次“基于文化的气候行动”高级别部长级会议在COP29大会上举行。气候遗产组织特使、约旦公主Dana Firas代表民间社会发表了有力讲话，呼吁将文化研讨会的要求纳入COP29的最终决定——这是为在巴西贝伦举行的COP30上通过《文化与气候行动联合工作决定》铺平道路的重要一步，也是实现全球呼吁运动最终目标，《联合国气候变化框架公约》文化工作计划的关键之举。
图源：European Heritage Hub网站
撰稿：李子健
核稿：文晶 钱嘉童
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