RAJA ABDUIRAHIM10月，在加沙中部代尔巴拉赫一家医院的停尸间，哈立德·贾乌德向他的小妹妹告别。 Samar Abu Elouf for The New York TimesThe war in Gaza had barely begun when 9-year-old Khaled Joudeh suffered an unimaginable loss. His mother, father, older brother and baby sister, along with dozens of other relatives, were all killed in an Israeli airstrike on their home.加沙的战争刚刚开始，九岁的哈立德·贾乌德就遭受了难以想象的损失。他的父母、哥哥和襁褓中的妹妹，以及其他几十名亲戚都在以色列的空袭中丧生。In the months that followed, Khaled tried to be brave, his uncle, Mohammad Faris, recalled. He would comfort his younger brother Tamer, who, like Khaled, had survived the Oct. 22 strike that killed their family. But Tamer, 7, was left badly injured with a broken back and a broken leg, and was in constant pain.他的叔叔穆罕默德·法里斯回忆说，在接下来的几个月里，哈立德努力表现得勇敢。他会安慰弟弟塔默，塔默和哈立德一样，在10月22日那场夺走家人的袭击中活了下来。但是，七岁的塔默受了重伤，背部骨折，腿也断了，一直受到疼痛的折磨。“He would always quiet his brother when he cried,” Mr. Faris told The New York Times in a recent phone interview. “He would tell him: ‘Mama and Baba are in heaven. Mama and Baba would be sad if they knew we were crying because of them.’”“他总是在弟弟哭的时候让他安静下来，”法里斯在前不久的电话采访中告诉《纽约时报》。“他会告诉弟弟：‘爸爸妈妈在天堂。如果爸爸妈妈知道我们为他们哭泣，他们会很伤心的。’”At night, when the unrelenting Israeli airstrikes on Gaza would start up again, Khaled would wake up shaking and screaming himself, sometimes running to his uncle to seek comfort.到了晚上，当以色列对加沙的无情空袭再次开始，哈立德会颤抖着醒来，尖叫着，有时会跑到叔叔那里寻求安慰。
今年7月，以色列在加沙地带南部汗尤尼斯发动袭击后，巴勒斯坦人纷纷逃离。 Haitham Imad/EPA, via Shutterstock
6月，以色列军队在加沙中部的努塞拉特难民营展开行动后，孩子们在废墟中搜寻。 Eyad Baba/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesIt was a short and terrifying existence for the young brothers that ended when another airstrike hit the family home where they were sheltering on Jan. 9, killing Khaled, Tamer, their 2-year-old cousin, Nada, and three other relatives, according to two family members.这对年轻兄弟短暂而又可怕的人生在1月9日走到了尽头，据两名家庭成员说，那天，另一场空袭摧毁了他们藏身的住所，导致哈立德、塔默、他们两岁的表妹娜达和其他三名亲戚丧生。Their story epitomizes how the 10-month-old Israeli war in Gaza has taken an exceptional toll on children, who are caught in the middle of the conflict.以色列加沙战争已进行长达10个月，他们的故事是这场战争给身陷冲突的儿童造成巨大伤害的缩影。After the Oct. 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel, the Israeli military launched the war with the stated aim of eradicating Hamas, unleashing one of the heaviest aerial bombardments the world has seen in this century on densely populated Gaza. Israel has accused Hamas of taking advantage of Gaza’s urban terrain to provide its fighters and weapons infrastructure with an extra layer of protection, running tunnels under neighborhoods, launching rockets near civilian homes and holding hostages in city centers.在10月7日哈马斯领导的针对以色列的袭击之后，以色列军队发动了这场战争，宣称要根除哈马斯，对人口稠密的加沙地带发动了本世纪以来世界上最猛烈的空袭之一。以色列指责哈马斯利用加沙的城市地形，为其战斗人员和武器基础设施提供额外的保护，在居民区下面挖地道，在平民住宅附近发射火箭，并在市中心扣留人质。Hamas denies these accusations and says its members are Gazans themselves and live among the population.哈马斯否认这些指控，称其成员本身就是加沙人，生活在加沙居民当中。International law experts have said that Israel has a responsibility to protect civilians, even if Hamas exploits them the way Israel says it does. The Israeli military says it takes “all feasible precautions” to mitigate harm to civilians.国际法专家表示，以色列有责任保护平民，即使哈马斯像以色列所称的那样利用平民。以色列军方说，他们已经采取了“一切可行的预防措施”来减轻对平民的伤害。
6月，在加沙贾巴利亚难民营，一所部分被毁的学校被用作避难所，巴勒斯坦儿童拿着塑料容器打水。 Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesThe children of Gaza have suffered in myriad ways. Of the tens of thousands of Palestinians killed in the war, an estimated 15,000 were under 18, according to Gazan health officials. The United Nations estimates that at least 19,000 more children have been orphaned. And nearly one million children have been displaced, according to UNICEF, the U.N. children’s agency.加沙的孩子们遭受了无数的苦难。加沙卫生官员称，在战争中丧生的数万名巴勒斯坦人中估计有1.5万人未满18岁。联合国估计，至少还有逾1.9万儿童成为孤儿。联合国儿童基金会称，近100万儿童流离失所。“Gaza remains the most dangerous place in the world for children,” said Jonathan Crickx, a spokesman for UNICEF.“对儿童来说，加沙仍然是世界上最危险的地方，”联合国儿童基金会发言人乔纳森·克里克斯说。Most children are living in overcrowded homes where multiple families shelter together, or in ramshackle tents that can feel like ovens in the summer heat, lacking both running water and sanitation. Thousands are severely malnourished and at risk of dying of hunger.大多数儿童住在多户人家合住、拥挤不堪的房子里，或者住在摇摇欲坠的帐篷里，在炎热的夏天，这些帐篷就像烤箱一样，既没有自来水，也没有卫生设施。成千上万的人严重营养不良，有死于饥饿的危险。The United Nations called on Friday for a weeklong cease-fire in Gaza to allow vaccinations to prevent an outbreak of polio, saying many children were at risk. The same day, the first case of polio in the enclave in many years was confirmed by the Gaza health ministry.上周五，联合国呼吁在加沙实行为期一周的停火，以便人们接种疫苗，防止小儿麻痹症的爆发。联合国说，许多儿童处于危险之中。同一天，加沙卫生部证实该飞地多年来首次出现小儿麻痹症病例。It has been a constant struggle just to survive in Gaza, and children have had to help out.在加沙，光是生存就是一场持续的挣扎，孩子们也不得不出力。
6月，一名医生为一名营养不良的巴勒斯坦女孩治疗。 Mohammed Salem/ReutersWhen he visited the territory a few months ago, Mr. Crickx said, he rarely saw children playing or laughing. Instead, he mostly saw them helping their families: carrying jugs of water from filling stations, trying to find food, and helping to move their few belongings when the family was displaced.克里克斯说，他几个月前访问这个地区时，很少看到孩子们玩耍嬉笑。相反，他主要看到他们帮助家人：从加油站拿水，寻找食物，在家人流离失所时帮助搬运他们仅有的几件物品。Mr. Crickx said he had seen a boy on the street who appeared to be no older than about 5, pushing a wheelchair with two jerrycans, which he had filled with water, resting on the seat. The handles of the wheelchair were higher than the top of the boy’s head and he could barely see where he was going.克里克斯说，他在街上看到一个看起来不超过五岁的男孩，推着轮椅，椅子上放着两个装满水的罐子。轮椅的把手比男孩的头顶还高，他几乎没法看方向。“There is no childhood in Gaza,” Louise Wateridge, a spokeswoman for the main U.N. agency that aids Palestinians, UNRWA, wrote on social media last month. “Malnourished, exhausted. Sleeping in rubble or under plastic sheeting. Same clothing for 9 months. Education has been replaced by fear & loss. Loss of life, home & stability,” she added.“加沙没有童年，”联合国援助巴勒斯坦人的主要机构近东救济工程处的发言人路易斯·沃特里奇上个月在社交媒体上写道。“营养不良，疲惫不堪。睡在瓦砾堆或塑料布下。一件衣服穿九个月。教育已经被恐惧和失去所取代——失去生命、家园和稳定，”她还写道。Throughout the war, parents have gone to extraordinary lengths to try to protect their children.在整个战争期间，父母竭尽全力保护他们的孩子。
8月11日，巴勒斯坦人在以色列军队发出撤离命令后逃离。 Abdel Kareem Hana/Associated PressThey scrawl their children’s names directly onto their skin to identify them if they are lost, orphaned or killed. At morgues, burial shrouds are cut into smaller pieces to wrap the youngest victims. Sometimes, children’s bodies are wrapped in the same shroud as their parents, laid to rest on the chest of their mother or father.他们把孩子的名字直接涂写在他们身上，以便在孩子走失、成为孤儿或遇害时识别他们。在停尸房，裹尸布被切成小块来包裹最小的遇害者。有时，孩子们的尸体和父母的尸体裹在一起，放在父母的胸前安息。Some parents quietly say that if their child is killed, they hope they will at least die in one piece and have someone to bury them.一些父母悄悄地说，如果他们的孩子遇害了，他们希望他们至少是全尸，而且有人埋葬他们。In the first weeks of the conflict, families began planning for the worst. Khaled’s father told his relatives that if any of them were killed, those who survived must protect and educate the children, Mr. Faris said.在冲突的最初几周，许多家庭开始做最坏的打算。法里斯说，哈立德的父亲告诉亲戚，如果他们中有人遇害，幸存下来的人必须保护和教育这些孩子。Not long after that, on Oct. 22, an Israeli airstrike destroyed two buildings where Khaled’s extended family was living in the town of Deir al-Balah, in central Gaza, according to relatives and local journalists.在那之后不久，10月22日，据亲属和当地记者说，以色列的一次空袭摧毁了哈立德一家和亲戚在加沙中部代尔巴拉赫镇的两栋建筑。Khaled and Tamer were the only ones in their immediate family to survive. Nada, their 2-year-old cousin, was the sole survivor of that first strike from her own immediate family.哈立德和塔默曾是他们的直系亲属中唯一幸存下来的。他们两岁的表妹娜达是她的直系亲属中唯一一个在第一次袭击中幸存下来的人。
哈立德·贾乌德站在他的兄弟塔默身边，塔默在10月22日的袭击中受了重伤，他们的父母和另外两个兄弟姐妹都在袭击中丧生。 Samar Abu Elouf for The New York TimesJust after the October strike, in the courtyard of the morgue where dozens of shrouded bodies were laid out on the ground, Khaled, barefoot and crying, kissed the faces of his parents and siblings a final, sorrowful farewell.10月的袭击发生后，在停尸房的院子里，几十具包着裹尸布的尸体放在地上，哈立德光着脚，哭着亲吻了父母和兄弟姐妹的脸，做了最后的悲伤告别。A total of 68 members of Khaled’s extended family were killed that day as they slept in their beds, according to accounts at the time from three of the boy’s relatives. They were laid to rest together, side by side, in a mass grave.据哈立德的三名亲戚称，当天哈立德的大家庭共有68名成员在睡觉时遇害。他们被并排埋葬在乱葬岗中。For nearly a month after their parents were killed, Khaled and Tamer stayed with their uncle, Mr. Faris, in another family building in Deir al-Balah. Khaled, Tamer and Nada would occasionally venture out to play in the rubble-lined street.在父母遇害后的近一个月里，哈立德、塔默跟叔叔法里斯住在代尔巴拉赫的另一栋家庭建筑里。哈立德、塔默和娜达偶尔会冒险到瓦砾遍布的街头玩耍。“They are kids and would try to hold on to their childhood,” Mr. Faris said. “They would play outside at certain points of calm. But then airstrikes would often send them back screaming,” he added.“他们还是孩子，会努力留住自己的童年，”法里斯说。“他们会在某些平静的时候在外面玩耍。但随后的空袭往往会让他们尖叫着回来。”“He would come quickly and hide near me,” Mr. Faris said of Khaled.“他会很快跑过来，躲在我身边，”法里斯谈到哈立德时说。Then, on Jan. 9, Khaled’s all-too-short life came to an end.然后，在1月9日，哈立德短暂的生命走到了尽头。
3月，在加沙南部城市拉法的一家医院外，一位母亲抱着已死去的双胞胎。 Haitham Imad/EPA, via Shutterstock
7月，在汗尤尼斯的纳赛尔医院外，一个男孩抱着父亲的鞋子，他的家人被抬到医院外安葬。 Bashar Taleb/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesAbout 2 a.m., as the family slept, an Israeli airstrike hit the home where they were sheltering, according to Mr. Faris and another relative, Yasmeen Joudeh, 36. Khaled, Tamer and Nada were killed, along with two uncles and their grandfather.据法里斯和另一名36岁的亲戚雅斯米恩·贾乌德说，大约凌晨两点，他们一家人正在睡觉，以色列的空袭击中了他们的避难住处。哈立德、塔默和娜达，他们的两个叔叔，以及他们的祖父遇害。The body of the grandfather, who had recently returned to live with them, was found in the street. He had survived long enough to stagger out of the bombed building, cradling Nada’s body in his arms, said Ms. Joudeh, who was in Egypt at the time and heard the details from relatives in Gaza later.前不久回来和他们同住的祖父的尸体是在街上被发现的。雅斯米恩·贾乌德说，遇袭后他还活着，从被炸毁的大楼里蹒跚而出，怀抱着娜达的尸体去世。雅斯米恩·贾乌德当时在埃及，后来从加沙的亲戚那里听到了细节。The Times learned of Khaled’s death months afterward.又过了几个月，《纽约时报》知道了哈立德的故事。When asked about the strikes on the Joudeh family homes in October and January, the Israeli military did not provide a reason.当被问及去年10月和今年1月对贾乌德一家住宅的袭击时，以色列军方没有给出原因。Regarding the October attack, the military said only that it could not address questions about a strike on this family.对于10月份的袭击，军方只是说，无法回答有关袭击这家人的问题。After the January strike, The Times gave the military the date, time and street location. But the military said The Times “did not provide the I.D.F. with enough information in order to properly look into the alleged strike,” and asked for the coordinates to pinpoint the location of the building that was hit.在1月的袭击之后，时报向军方提供了袭击的日期、时间和街道位置。但军方表示，时报“没有向以色列国防军提供足够的信息，无法对所称的袭击进行适当调查”，并要求提供坐标，以确定被击中建筑物的位置。Mr. Faris said that his extended family was not associated with any of the Palestinian armed groups that Israel says it has been targeting in the war in Gaza.法里斯说，他的大家庭与以色列声称在加沙战争中针对的任何巴勒斯坦武装组织都没有关系。“They had nothing to do with anything,” he said.“他们无辜受到牵连，”他说。Like other members of their family — and so many other Gazans since — the three children, their grandfather and the two uncles were buried together in an unmarked grave.就像他们家的其他成员，以及自那以后的许多加沙人一样——三个孩子、他们的祖父和两个叔叔一起被埋在一个没有标记的坟墓里。
