第2081期:404年前的誓言

文摘   2024-11-11 06:40   上海  

1620年11月11日,一艘名为“五月花号”(Mayflower)的船在大西洋上漂泊了66天后,即将抵达航程的终点站——北美洲新英格兰殖民地(New England),船上共有102名乘客,号称“天路客”(pilgrims)。

在这艘船靠岸之前,102个乘客中的41个成年男子共同签订了一份政治声明,宣布大家一致同意创建并服从一个全新的政府。

courtesy Britannica

这份声明全文如下:

IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c.

Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience.

IN WITNESS whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, Anno Domini; 1620.

中文译文:

“以上帝的名义,阿门。我们这些以下签名的人们,都是蒙上帝恩典的大不列颠、法兰西、和爱尔兰的国王、信仰的捍卫者等等、詹姆斯的忠诚臣民。

为了上帝的荣耀,为了传扬基督徒的信仰,为了我们国王和国家的荣誉,我们漂洋过海,在弗吉尼亚北部开垦第一个居住地。我们在上帝面前、也在我们彼此面前,共同庄严签约,自愿结为一个民事治理团体,为了使上述目的得到更好的维护、实施和发展。因而,我们建立、组成、构建这样一个公正、平等的法律、典章、法令、宪章、职事体系;这应当是适当、必要、方便、时时更新的,并是为了居住地全体人民的公共益处;对此,我们都承诺遵守和服从。

据此见证,我们在此签名于科德角,11月11日,于英格兰、法兰西、爱尔兰十八世国王暨苏格兰五十四世国王之詹姆斯的统治之下,于基督纪年1620年。


courtesy Wikipedia

这份声明被称为“五月花号公约”(Mayflower Compact),这份公约开创了一个人类历史上的先例——即“政府是基于被管理者的同意而成立的,治理的唯一依据是法律。”这个理念是美国立国的主要思想基础。

船上的这102名乘客当时被英国称为分离主义者(separatists),他们自称为“天路客”(pilgrims),也译作“朝圣者”,他们和受命于英国国王前往北美创建殖民地的 puritans(清教徒)不同。

“Just as one small candle may light a thousand, so the light here kindled hath shone unto many.”
- William Bradford, English Puritan Separatist, the governor of the Plymouth colony

推荐一本关于“五月花号”最权威的书:

“Mayflower: Voyage, Community, War”, by Nathaniel Philbrick


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