2024年10月30日,新加坡上诉法院在K v. M, G案中,驳回K要求法院对仲裁信息保密的申请。法院认为,当裁决在法定程序中已向第三方公开,发布保密令将毫无意义。当前的情况更倾向于适用司法公开原则(the principle of open justice),而非通过仲裁法或依法院职权维护仲裁的保密性。
K与M及其全资拥有的G公司,因两份合同(销售购买协议和选择权协议)的款项支付问题进入仲裁程序。K以M、G公司为被申请人提起仲裁,M、G公司提出仲裁反请求。仲裁庭裁决驳回K的仲裁请求,并支持了M、G公司的仲裁反请求。
K向新加坡高等法院提出撤销仲裁裁决申请,但被法院驳回。随后,K又向新加坡上诉法院提起上诉。在等待案件听证期间,K根据新加坡仲裁法(Arbitration Act)第56条和第57条规定的案件保密性条款,申请法院对仲裁案有关的信息及法律文件予以保密、封存,以维护仲裁案件的保密性。
法院意见
1. 由于最终裁决已经在公开庭审程序中披露,仲裁的保密性已经受到破坏。K未及时采取措施来保护裁决的保密性,而是将其作为证据提交并在公开庭审程序中使用。裁决从当事人之间的私人文件转变为公开可访问的文件,成为法院记录的一部分,因此仲裁的保密性已经被破坏。
2. K的不作为也导致仲裁保密性的破坏,K在保密申请中未提及裁决已在法定程序中披露。而且K公司提出申请存在不当延迟,且未能对此提供合理的解释。
56. Proceedings to be heard in private(1) Subject to subsection (2), proceedings under this Act in any court are to be heard in private.(2) Proceedings under this Act in any court are to be heard in open court if the court, on its own motion or upon the application of any person (including a person who is not a party to the proceedings), so orders.57. Restrictions on reporting of proceedings heard in private(1) This section applies to proceedings under this Act in any court heard in private.(2) A court hearing any proceedings to which this section applies is, on the application of any party to the proceedings, to give directions as to whether any and, if so, what information relating to the proceedings may be published.(3) A court is not to give a direction under subsection (2) permitting information to be published unless –(a) all parties to the proceedings agree that the information may be published; or(b) the court is satisfied that the information, if published in accordance with any directions that it may give, would not reveal any matter, including the identity of any party to the proceedings, that any party to the proceedings reasonably wishes to remain confidential.(4) Despite subsection (3), where a court gives grounds of decision for a judgment in respect of proceedings to which this section applies and considers that judgment to be of major legal interest, the court is to direct that reports of the judgment may be published in law reports and professional publications but, if any party to the proceedings reasonably wishes to conceal any matter, including the fact that the party was such a party, the court is to –(a) give directions as to the action that is to be taken to conceal that matter in those reports; and(b) if it considers that a report published in accordance with directions given under paragraph (a) would be likely to reveal that matter, direct that no report may be published until after the end of any period, not exceeding 10 years, that it considers appropriate.