《茶叶科学》| 2024年第4期要文概览

摘要： 非酒精性脂肪性肝病（Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）发病率逐年升高,目前尚无特效药物。绿茶的有效成分表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（Epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG）在低剂量范围内已被证明对NAFLD具有良好的改善作用。综述总结了EGCG通过抗氧化应激、抗炎、抑制铁死亡、减少脂质生成、调节自噬、调节肠道菌群以及降低胆汁酸代谢等方面延缓NAFLD发生发展的部分机制,以期为改善NAFLD的深入研究提供启示。

关键词: 非酒精性脂肪性肝病, 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯, 氧化应激, 炎症

参考引用：陈佳欣, 张锦佳, 左会灵, 焦宇航, 石安华. 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯预防并改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用机制及研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 543-553.

Abstract: The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing year by year and there is no specific drug available. The active ingredient of green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has been widely proven to have a favorable ameliorative effect on NAFLD in the low dose range. Some of the mechanisms by which EGCG delays the development of NAFLD through anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, inhibition of iron death, reduction of lipogenesis, up-regulation of autophagy, modulation of intestinal flora, and reduction of bile acid metabolism were summarized in this paper, so as to provide insights for in-depth research on improving NAFLD.

Keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver  disease, epigallocatechin gallate, oxidative stress, inflammation

Cite this Article：CHEN Jiaxin, ZHANG Jinjia, ZUO Huiling, JIAO Yuhang, SHI Anhua. The Mechanism and Research Progress of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Improving Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 543-553.

摘要： 茶叶利用日光萎凋或干燥,不仅可以节省大量能源成本,还可形成独特的风味品质。从日晒茶的风味品质特点、风味化学特征以及影响其形成的技术和环境因素等方面综述了相关研究进展。芳樟醇、香叶醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、癸醛等是日晒茶的关键呈香成分,其中1-辛烯-3-醇和1-辛烯-3-酮可能与日晒味有关;合理利用光照及空气湿度等环境因素,是加工高质量日晒茶的基本要求。在此基础上,从技术层面、理论层面以及产业层面展望了日晒茶工艺提升和理论挖掘研究的发展前景。

关键词: 日晒茶, 日光萎凋, 日光干燥, 风味化学

参考引用：谢晨昕, 赵锋, 林雨, 蔡良绥, 林智, 郭丽. 日晒茶风味化学特征研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 554-564.

Abstract: Tea withering or drying with solarization is beneficial to save a lot of energy cost and contribute to the unique flavor formation. In this paper, the advances of solarization tea were reviewed from the aspects of flavor quality characteristics, flavor chemical characteristics, technical and environmental factors affecting their formation. Linalool, geranyl, 1-octene-3-ol and capric aldehyde are the key aroma components of solarization tea, among which 1-octene-3-ol and 1-octene-3-one may be related to sun exposure flavor. Reasonable use of environmental factors such as sunlight and air humidity is a basic requirement for processing high-quality solarization tea. On this basis, the development of technology upgrading and theoretical research for solarization tea was prospected from the technical, theoretical and industrial levels.

Keywords: solarization tea, sun withering, sun drying, flavor chemistry

Cite this Article：XIE Chenxin, ZHAO Feng, LIN Yu, CAI Liangsui, LIN Zhi, GUO Li. Advances on Flavor Chemical Characteristics of Solarization Tea[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 554-564. 

摘要： 茶叶是中国传统农业中重要的经济作物,具有悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵,其在产地、贮藏时间、加工方式等方面的不同,决定了茶叶的品质、营养价值和市场定位。挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是表征不同茶叶间差异性的重要指标。气相色谱-离子迁移谱（GC-IMS）技术作为一种新发展起来的无损检测技术,可在常压条件下实现对样品中VOCs的分析,用于表征样品间的差异。搜集了目前已有的文献资料,综述了GC-IMS技术在茶叶种类区分、等级鉴定、产地溯源、贮藏时间判定、加工过程中品质控制等方面的研究现状,分析存在的问题,并对GC-IMS技术在茶叶领域的应用前景进行了展望,以期为茶叶的风味研究、加工工艺优化、品质分析和质量监测提供参考。

关键词: 气相色谱-离子迁移谱, 茶叶, 挥发性有机化合物, 品质控制

参考引用：甘芳瑗, 刘振平, 傅丙生, 龙道崎, 庞钶靖, 姜容. 气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术在茶叶领域应用的研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 565-574. 

Abstract: Tea is an important economic crop in traditional Chinese agriculture, with a long history and rich cultural connotation. The different parameters of tea origin, storage time and processing method determine the quality, nutritional value and market positioning. Known as a newly developed non-destructive testing technique, GC-IMS can analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of samples under normal pressure to characterize the differences between samples. This paper collected the existing literature data, reviewed the applications of GC-IMS technology in the study of kind differentiation, grade identification, origin identification, storage time determination and processing quality control of tea, and analyzed the current problems and future prospects of GC-IMS technology in the field of tea application, and provided theoretical reference for the flavor research, process optimization, quality analysis and quality monitoring of tea.

Keywords: gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, tea, volatile organic compounds, quality control

Cite this Article：GAN Fangyuan, LIU Zhenping, FU Bingsheng, LONG Daoqi, PANG Kejing, JIANG Rong. Research Progress on the Application of Gas Chromatography-ion Mobility Spectrometry in the Field of Tea[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 565-574. 

摘要： 咖啡碱作为茶树中的主要特征代谢物,是茶叶品质风味形成的重要组分和天然功能性成分。目前,茶树中咖啡碱的功能作用、分布规律、合成途径及关键基因已基本探明,但在亚细胞水平上,咖啡碱的合成部位有待进一步明确。以白鸡冠茶树及其自然杂交后代的不同黄化单株为材料,通过透射电镜对叶片细胞超微结构的观察,发现黄化叶片中叶绿体结构均有不同程度的受损,且与叶片SPAD值及叶色表型紧密相关;通过高效液相色谱法测定咖啡碱含量,发现黄化叶片中仍有大量咖啡碱积累,甚至超过正常绿色叶片。通过咖啡碱合成关键基因CsTCS1表达量测定、原位杂交及亚细胞定位发现,CsTCS1在不同黄化茶树种质叶片中的表达信号强度存在差异,但表达部位基本相同,主要分布在栅栏组织的细胞核和细胞质中;在亚细胞水平上,茶树叶片中咖啡碱的合成部位主要是细胞核和细胞质。

关键词: 茶树, 黄化叶片, 咖啡碱, 合成部位, 亚细胞水平

参考引用：张亚真, 钟思彤, 陈志辉, 孔祥瑞, 单睿阳, 郑士琴, 余文权, 陈常颂. 不同黄化茶树种质中咖啡碱合成部位的研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 575-584. 

Abstract: As the main characteristic metabolite in tea plants, caffeine contributes to tea quality and flavor formation and is a natural functional component. Its function, distribution, biosynthetic pathway and related key genes in tea plants have been basically identified, but its synthetic site at subcellular level needs to be further clarified. In this study, ‘Baijiguan’ and its half-sib offsprings with different etiolated leaves were used as materials. The results of transmission electron microscopy show that the chloroplast structures in etiolated leaves were damaged or destroyed, which was closely related to the SPAD value and leaf phenotype. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the caffeine content. It was found that there was still a large amount of caffeine accumulation in etiolated leaves, even more than in normal green leaves. Then, the expression and location of CsTCS1, a key gene involved in caffeine synthesis, were studied by real-time PCR, in-situ hybridization and subcellular localization. It was shown that the expression level of CsTCS1 in different etiolated leaves varied obviously. But the expression site was basically consistent, mainly distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of palisade tissues. These results reveal that the synthetic site of caffeine at subcellular level in tea leaves were mainly nucleus and cytoplasm, but not chloroplasts.

Keywords: tea plants, etiolated leaf, caffeine, synthetic site, subcellular level

Cite this Article：ZHANG Yazhen, ZHONG Sitong, CHEN Zhihui, KONG Xiangrui, SHAN Ruiyang, ZHENG Shiqin, YU Wenquan, CHEN Changsong. Study on the Synthetic Site of Caffeine in Different Etiolated Tea Germplasms[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 575-584. 

摘要： 蔗糖转运蛋白（SUTs）是蔗糖转运的主要载体,其运输、装载蔗糖需要消耗能量,在植物光合产物从源到库的转运过程中起关键作用。从茶树品种舒茶早中鉴定获得7个CsSUTs家族成员,对其理化性质、基因结构、亚细胞定位、进化关系、顺式作用元件等展开生物信息学分析。CsSUTs家族蛋白含有一个保守MFS-2结构域,且与拟南芥AtSUCs蛋白的亲缘关系较近,茶树CsSUTs蛋白被聚类在SUTⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ;在STRING在线网站中以拟南芥AtSUCs为模型,推测茶树CsSUTs蛋白与SWEET、SUS、STP蛋白可能存在直接的相互作用关系。对茶树CsSUTs家族基因的启动子区域进行分析,发现其中存在大量与激素响应、非生物胁迫,以及植物生长发育相关的顺式作用元件,推测这些启动子可能受到植物激素、逆境等多种因素的调控,从而影响茶树的生长和发育过程。CsSUTs家族基因在龙井43和舒茶早中的表达模式存在差异,CsSUT6在茶树花中特异性高表达,推测其可能在花器官蔗糖供给、贮藏和分配中发挥重要作用;CsSUT1和CsSUT5在茶树各个器官中均有表达,表明其可能协同参与蔗糖在“源”叶的装载和“库”器官卸载等过程。

关键词: 茶树, 蔗糖转运蛋白, 启动子分析, 组织特异性, 生物信息学分析

参考引用：罗微, 张佳琪, 杨妮, 胡志航, 郝建楠, 刘慧, 谭杉杉, 庄静. 茶树蔗糖转运蛋白（SUTs）基因家族鉴定及组织表达分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 585-597.

Abstract: Sucrose transporters (SUTs), the main sucrose carriers, consume energy to transport and load sucrose, which play a key role in the transport of plant photosynthetic products from source to sink. In this study, seven members of CsSUTs family were identified from Camellia sinensis ‘Shuchazao’ by bioinformatics analysis. Their physical and chemical properties, gene structure, subcellular localization, evolutionary relationship and cis-acting elements were analyzed. The identified CsSUT proteins, containing a conserved MFS-2 domain, are closely related to AtSUC proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, which are clustered in SUTⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ. AtSUC proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana were used as a model in the STRING online website to speculate that there might be a direct interaction between CsSUT proteins and SWEET, SUS and STP proteins. Analysis of the promoter regions of the CsSUT family genes in tea plants reveals that there were masses of cis-acting elements related to hormone response, abiotic stress, and plant growth and development. It is speculated that these promoters may be regulated by plant hormones, stress and other factors, thus affecting the growth and development of tea plants. There were differences in the expression patterns of CsSUT family genes in C. sinensis ‘Longjing 43’ and C. sinensis ‘Shuchazao’. CsSUT6 was highly expressed in flowers, suggesting that it may contribute to the supply, storage and distribution of sucrose in floral organs. CsSUT1 and CsSUT5 were highly expressed in various organs of tea plants, indicating that they may synergistically participate in the process of sucrose loading in ‘source’ leaves and unloading in ‘sink’ organs.

Keywords: Camellia sinensis, sucrose transporters, promoter analysis, tissue specificity, bioinformatics analysis

Cite this Article：LUO Wei, ZHANG Jiaqi, YANG Ni, HU Zhihang, HAO Jiannan, LIU Hui, TAN Shanshan, ZHUANG Jing. Identification and Tissue Expression Analysis of Sucrose Transporter (SUT) Gene Family in Camellia sinensis[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 585-597. 

摘要： 为探明有机肥替代化肥对我国茶叶产量、品质以及茶园土壤理化性质影响,通过收集国内外已发表我国茶园有机肥替代化肥的相关文献,采用Meta分析的方法,定量分析在不同有机替代比例、土壤理化性质与替代年限条件下茶叶产量、品质与茶园土壤理化性质的状况。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机肥部分替代化肥能显著提高茶叶产量、品质与茶园土壤养分含量。其中有机替代比例、土壤条件,以及替代年限是影响有机替代效果的重要因素。有机替代比例低于25%时,增产效果最好;有机替代25%~75%时,茶叶品质提升效果最佳;有机替代超过75%时,则会因土壤当季养分供应不足从而导致茶叶产量降低。有机替代在土壤有机质<20βg·kg^-1、碱解氮<100βmg·kg^-1、有效磷<5βmg·kg^-1与pH>4.5时对茶叶产量增加效果较好;在土壤有机质>20βg·kg^-1、碱解氮>100βmg·kg^-1、有效磷>20βmg·kg^-1、速效钾>100βmg·kg^-1与pH<5.5时,茶叶品质提升效果较好。有机肥肥效存在累计效应,有机替代年限越长对茶叶产量品质提升的效果越好。

关键词: 茶, 有机替代, 产量, 品质, 整合分析

参考引用：任海龙, 陈非凡, 谭启玲, 胡承孝, 李进学, 王绍梅, 李晓君, 孟远夺, 赵英杰. 有机肥替代化肥对我国茶叶产量、品质的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 598-608. 

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of organic fertilizer replacement of chemical fertilizers on tea yield, quality, and soil physicochemical properties in China, relevant literature on organic fertilizer replacement of chemical fertilizers in tea gardens was collected both domestically and internationally. Meta analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the effects of organic fertilizer replacement of chemical fertilizers on tea yield, quality, and soil physicochemical properties in China under different organic substitution ratios, soil physicochemical properties and substitution years. The results show that compared with the application of chemical fertilizers alone, partial substitution of organic fertilizer can significantly improve tea yield, quality, and soil nutrient content in tea gardens. The organic substitution ratios, soil conditions, and substitution period are important factors that affect the effectiveness of organic substitution. When the organic substitution ratio was less than 25%, the yield increase effect was the best. When the organic substitution ratio was between 25% and 75%, the best effect was achieved in improving the quality of tea. When the organic substitution exceeded 75%, it would lead to a decrease in tea yield due to insufficient nutrient supply in the soil during the season. Organic substitution had a better effect on increasing tea yield when soil organic matter<20βg·kg^-1, alkaline nitrogen<100βmg·kg^-1, available phosphorus<5βmg·kg^-1, and pH>4.5. When soil organic matter>20βg·kg^-1, alkaline nitrogen>100βmg·kg^-1, available phosphorus>20βmg·kg^-1, available potassium>100βmg·kg^-1, and pH<5.5, the tea quality improvement effect was better. There was a cumulative effect of organic fertilizer efficiency, and the longer the organic substitution period, the better the effect on improving tea yield and quality.

Keywords: tea, organic substitution,  yield, quality, integrated analysis

Cite this Article：REN Hailong, CHEN Feifan, TAN Qiling, HU Chengxiao, LI Jinxue, WANG Shaomei, LI Xiaojun, MENG Yuanduo, ZHAO Yingjie. The Impact of Organic Fertilizer Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Tea Gardens in China[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 598-608. 

摘要： 为探明捕食性天敌昆虫蠋蝽（Arma chinensis）对茶园害虫灰茶尺蠖（Ectropis grisescens）幼虫的生物防控潜能,实验室内测定4~5龄蠋蝽若虫和雌成虫对3~5龄灰茶尺蠖幼虫的捕食能力和搜寻效应,并探讨了5龄蠋蝽若虫和雌成虫的种内干扰效应。结果表明,4~5龄蠋蝽若虫和雌成虫对3~5龄灰茶尺蠖幼虫均存在一定的捕食能力,且捕食功能反应方程与Holling Ⅱ模型相符。不同发育阶段的蠋蝽对3龄灰茶尺蠖幼虫的控害效能表现为雌成虫最高（33.042）,其次是5龄若虫（23.222）,4龄若虫最低（13.219）;蠋蝽雌成虫、5龄和4龄若虫对3龄灰茶尺蠖的最大捕食量分别为41.499头、37.178头和31.602头,蠋蝽雌成虫对3龄灰茶尺蠖的瞬时攻击率最大（0.793）,对猎物的处理时间最短（0.024βd）,表明蠋蝽雌成虫对3龄灰茶尺蠖幼虫捕食潜力最强。蠋蝽对3~5龄灰茶尺蠖幼虫的搜寻效应均随着猎物密度的降低而增加,蠋蝽的搜寻效应表现为雌成虫>5龄若虫>4龄若虫。蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌成虫对灰茶尺蠖幼虫的捕食行为受种内密度的干扰,5龄若虫的种内干扰作用小于雌成虫。

关键词: 蠋蝽, 灰茶尺蠖, 功能反应, 搜寻效应, 种内干扰

参考引用：郭世保, 陈俊华, 张龙, 李非凡, 刘红敏, 史洪中. 蠋蝽对灰茶尺蠖幼虫的捕食能力及种内干扰反应[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 609-617. 

Abstract: To explore the biological control potential of Arma chinensis, a predatory insect, against Ectropis grisescens larvae, the predation and search effect of 4th-5th instar Arma chinensis nymphs and female adults on 3rd-5th instar larvae of Ectropis grisescens were measured in the laboratory, and the intraspecific interference effects of 5th instar Arma chinensis nymphs and female adults were also studied. The results show that both the nymphs and the female adults of the 4th-5th instar Arma chinensis had predatory ability to the larvae of the 3rd-5th instar of Ectropis grisescens, and the functional response equation of predation was in accordance with the Holling Ⅱ model. At different developmental stages of Arma chinensis, the female adults had the highest (33.042) control effectiveness to the larvae of Ectropis grisescens, the second is the 5th instar nymphs (23.222), and the lowest in the 4th instar nymphs (13.219). The female adults had a control effectiveness of 33.042 against the 3rd instar of Ectropis grisescens, the maximum predation of female adults, 5th and 4th instar nymphs of Arma chinensis on the 3rd instar larvae of Ectropis grisescens were 41.499, 37.178 and 31.602. The instantaneous attack rate (0.793) of the female adults of the Arma chinensis on the 3rd instar Ectropis grisescens was the highest, and the prey processing time for was shortest (0.024βd), indicating that the female adult of the Arma chinensis had the strongest potential to prey on the 3rd instar Ectropis grisescens larvae. The search effect of the Arma chinensis on the larvae of Ectropis grisescens increased with the decrease of the prey density. The search effect of Arma chinensis was as follows: female adults > 5th instar nymphs > 4th instar nymphs. The intraspecific density of the 5th instar nymphs and female adults of Arma chinensis interfered with the predation of the Ectropis grisescens, and the intraspecific interference of the 5th instar nymphs was less than that of the female adults.

Keywords: Arma chinensis, Ectropis grisescens, functional response, search effect, intraspecific interference

Cite this Article：GUO Shibao, CHEN Junhua, ZHANG Long, LI Feifan, LIU Hongmin, SHI Hongzhong. The Predatory Ability and Intraspecific Interference Response of Arma chinensis to the Larvae of Ectropis grisescens[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 609-617. 

摘要：灰茶尺蠖（Ectropis grisescens Warren）是重要的茶树害虫,广泛分布于我国主要茶产区,干扰其性信息素通讯是防治该类害虫的有效方式。使用亚致死剂量的溴虫氟苯双酰胺处理灰茶尺蠖成虫,利用风洞测试发现雄蛾对性信息素诱芯表现出活跃、起飞、接触行为发生的占比分别下降了13.79%、44.23%、60.00%,且反应发生时间显著延长。进一步的电生理分析发现,处理组雄蛾对0.01βmg·L^-1的性信息素组分Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H的触角电位反应下降了54.57%。另外,当雌蛾受到溴虫氟苯双酰胺处理,GC-MS分析结果显示,雌蛾性腺性信息素主成分Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H和Z3,epo6,Z9-18:H的含量分别下降了21.76%和34.71%,雌蛾合成性信息素的能力显著削弱。雌蛾经溴虫氟苯双酰胺处理,参与性信息素合成的潜在基因Egri-CYP340BD1表达量显著下降。研究结果表明,溴虫氟苯双酰胺处理能显著干扰灰茶尺蠖成虫的性信息素通讯,将为茶园尺蠖类害虫行为调控提供技术参考。

关键词: 灰茶尺蠖, 溴虫氟苯双酰胺, 性信息素识别, 行为调控

参考引用：徐长霞, 罗宗秀, 马龙. 溴虫氟苯双酰胺影响灰茶尺蠖成虫合成与识别性信息素的能力[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 618-626. 

Abstract: The tea grey geometrid Ectropis grisescens Warren is a devastating chewing pest in tea plantations throughout China, and interfering with the sex pheromone recognition communication between female and male moths becomes an effective method to manage this insect pest. In the present study, the sublethal dose of broflanilide was used to treat adult E. grisescens. The results of wind tunnel tests reveal that the broflanilide-treated male adults showed a declined percentage of the behavioral responses, including excitation, oriented flight, and source contact. However, the corresponding durations of behavioral responses in male moths were significantly increased. Further studies using electrophysiological assays demonstrate that the electroantennogram responses of broflanilide-treated male moths to the sex pheromone of Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H at 0.01 mg·mL^-1 were decreased by 54.57%. Besides, when female moths were treated with a sublethal dose of broflanilide, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses demonstrates that the major sex pheromone components, Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H and Z3,epo6,Z9-18:H, in the female pheromone gland were decreased by 21.76% and 34.71% respectively compared with the control. This result reveals the suppression of sex pheromone biosynthesis in broflanilide-treated female moths. Further study by qRT-PCR analysis reveals that a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of Egri-CYP340BD1 enriched in pheromone gland was significantly up-regulated in broflanilide-treated female moths. Taken together, this study demonstrates that broflanilide treatment would manipulate the courtship of this insect pest, and the results would contribute to the design of insect-behavior-modifying technology in novel pest management.

Keywords: Ectropis grisescens, broflanilide, sex pheromone recognition, behavior modification

Cite this Article：XU Changxia, LUO Zongxiu, MA Long. Effects of Broflanilide on the Biosynthesis and Recognition of Sex Pheromone in the Tea Grey Geometrid Ectropis grisescens[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 618-626. 

摘要：为优化对茶炭疽病菌Colletotrichum camelliae有拮抗作用的云南木霉菌Trichodema yunnanense的发酵培养条件,并明确发酵液对茶炭疽病的防控效果,以对C. camelliae的抑菌率为评价指标,通过单因素和响应面试验,优化云南木霉菌的发酵条件并获得发酵液,比较其对茶炭疽病的抑菌活性、离体叶片和盆栽茶树叶片防效及茶树生长的影响。结果显示,T. yunnanense的最佳发酵条件为马铃薯200βg·L^-1、甘露醇18.85βg·L^-1、酵母浸膏4.73βg·L^-1、装液量372.60βmL·L^-1、培养温度25β℃、pH 6.6、12L∶12D。10%的发酵液对C. camelliae的抑菌率达92.61%,对感染茶炭疽病的离体茶树叶片与盆栽茶树叶片的防效分别为63.71%与68.95%,均显著高于哈茨木霉菌（T. harzianum）可湿性粉剂与多菌灵的防效。同时,10%发酵液处理后的茶树幼苗根长提升69.16%,根鲜重提升215.70%,株高增加42.13%,地上部鲜重增加212.11%。表明T. yunnanense发酵液兼具抗菌和促生作用。研究结果为T. yunnanense在茶炭疽病生物防治中的应用奠定了一定的理论基础。

关键词: 云南木霉菌, 茶炭疽病, 发酵液, 响应面, 生物防控

参考引用：刘辉, 冯月玲, 朱秀英, 郑周洲, 刘思睿, 周罗娜, 潘雪珍, 宋莉. 一株云南木霉菌培养条件的优化及其对茶炭疽病的防控研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 627-638. 

Abstract: To optimize the fermentation conditions of Trichoderma yunnanensis, which has antagonistic effect on Colletotrichum camelliae, single factor and response surface tests were performed with the inhibition rate of C. camelliae as the evaluation index. Then, the antagonistic activity, in vitro leaf control effect, indoor pot control effect, and growth effect of the fermentation broth on C. camelliae and tea plants, respectively, were determined. The results show that the optimum fermentation conditions of T. yunnanense were as follows: potato 200βg·L^-1, mannitol 18.85βg·L^-1, yeast extract 4.73βg·L^-1, liquid content 372.60βmL·L^-1, culture temperature 25β℃, pH 6.6, 12L∶12D. The inhibitory rate of the obtained fermentation broth on C. camelliae reached 92.61% under the ratio of 1∶9 mixed with potato broth (PDA) medium. The control effect of the fermentation broth on anthrax in vitro leaf was 63.71% and that on indoor potted tea plants was 68.95%, both of which were significantly higher than that of T. harzianum wettable powder and carbendazim. Compared with the water control, the growth of tea seedlings treated with fermentation solution of T. yunnensis was significantly improved, which was manifested by the increase of root length, root fresh weight, plant height and above ground fresh weight by 69.16%, 215.70%, 42.13% and 212.11% respectively. Overall, T. yunnanense fermentation liquid has both antibiotic and growth-promoting effects. The results provided a theoretical basis for the application of T. yunnanense fermentation broth in the biological control of tea anthracnose.

Keywords: Trichoderma yunnanensis, ea anthracnose, fermentation broth, response surface method,biological control

Cite this Article：LIU Hui, FENG Yueling, ZHU Xiuying, ZHENG Zhouzhou, LIU Sirui, ZHOU Luona, PAN Xuezhen, SONG Li. Optimization of Culture Conditions of A Trichoderma yunnanensis and Its Control Efficiency of Tea Anthracnose[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 627-638. 

摘要：为探究自行分离纯化菌株LJSC.2006对湖南茯茶主要黑毛茶发花品质的影响,综合菌落平皿形态、孢子电镜扫描特征、菌丝体分子标记鉴定结果,确定菌株LJSC.2006为冠突曲霉菌（Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006,GenBank登录号：MZ147025）。运用感官审评、生化成分分析、HS-SPME/GC-MS挥发性组分分析等方法比较黑毛茶及其发花茶样的滋味、香气品质,发现黑毛茶发花后干茶色泽加深,金花满披,菌香显露,滋味醇和;滋味成分黄酮、茶多酚、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、酯型儿茶素、杨梅素、槲皮素含量总体呈下降趋势;香气成分增加,醛类、酯类相对含量增多,苯乙烯和雪松醇为黑毛茶共有香气成分,(E)-芳樟醇-3,7-氧化物和苯乙酮为发花茶样共有香气成分;黑毛茶发花后,水杨酸甲酯、(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、(E)-芳樟醇-3,7-氧化物、(E)-呋喃氧化芳樟醇、(E)-2-壬醛、(E)-2-已烯醛、(E)-2-(Z)-6-壬二烯醛、苯乙酮、(E)-2-壬烯醛及香叶酸甲酯等10种特征性挥发成分相对含量明显上升,综合形成了金花散茶的菌花香。

关键词: 冠突曲霉菌, 菌种鉴定, 黑毛茶, 金花散茶, 发花品质

参考引用：肖娟娟, 程滢, 刘雁, 刘巧芳, 蒋阿婷, 黄建安, 王坤波, 刘仲华, 王贞红, 禹利君. Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006的分离鉴定及对茯茶发花品质的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 639-654. 

Abstract: This study investigated the effect of self-isolated and purified strain LJSC.2006 on the quality of Hunan Fu tea, a primary dark tea. Strain LJSC.2006 was identified as Aspergillus cristatus (Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006, GenBank accession number: MZ147025) through colony plate morphology, spore electron microscopy, and mycelial molecular marker identification. Sensory evaluation, biochemical composition analysis and head space solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were applied to assess the flavor and aroma qualities of dark tea raw materials and fermented Jinhua loose tea. The results indicate that compared with the primary dark tea, the fermented loose tea sample exhibited a deeper color, the golden flowers, a richer fungus aroma, and a mellower taste. After fermentation by Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006, there was a decrease in the levels of flavor quality components such as tea polyphenols, soluble carbohydrates, free amino acids, flavonoids, ester-catechins, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol. The aroma components, esters and aldehydes of the loose tea samples increased after fermentation. Styrene and cedrol were the common aroma components in the primary dark tea. (E)-linalool 3,7-oxide and acetophenone were the common aroma components in the fermented loose tea. Additionally, ten characteristic volatile components relative content were significantly increased, including methyl salicylate, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, (E)-linalool-3,7-oxide, (E)-furan oxidized linalool, (E)-2-nonanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E,Z)-6-nonanal, acetophenone, (E)-2-nonanal, and methyl vanillate, which together contributed to the distinctive fungal fragrance of Jinhua loose tea.

Keywords: Aspergillus cristatus, fungi strain identification, primary dark tea, Jinhua loose tea, fermented quality

Cite this Article：XIAO Juanjuan, CHENG Ying, LIU Yan, LIU Qiaofang, JIANG Ating, HUANG Jian'an, WANG Kunbo, LIU Zhonghua, WANG Zhenhong, YU Lijun. Isolation and Identification of Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006 and Its Effect on Fu Tea’s Quality[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 639-654. 

摘要：安徽霍山黄芽常用霍山金鸡种和舒茶早两个品种制得,有黄茶制法和绿茶制法两种产品。采用偏好属性启发（Preferred attribute elicitation,PAE）法和时间强度（Time-intensity,TI）法探究不同品种、不同制法霍山黄芽的消费者偏好及滋味属性强度变化。PAE试验中评价员就生成的属性达成一致后,根据其影响喜好的重要性对感官属性进行排序和强度赋值,结果表明,滋味秩和（115）>香气秩和（81）>外形秩和（44）,被消费者共同认为重要的属性词有回甘、花香和毫。TI试验中评价员根据几何平均值M筛选出回甘、醇、苦、鲜、涩5个描述词;霍山金鸡种黄茶制法样品的回甘、鲜味属性高于绿茶制法样品,醇、苦、涩属性低于绿茶制法样品;舒茶早表现出相反趋势。本研究利用PAE法和TI法提取出消费者视角的霍山黄芽重要属性,并通过观察不同品种、不同制法霍山黄芽的动态属性变化,基于消费者视角提出了霍山金鸡种更适合采用黄茶制法、舒茶早更适合采用绿茶制法,从而科学指导黄茶企业因地制宜地组织生产和销售。

关键词: 霍山黄芽, 偏好属性启发, 时间强度, 消费者偏好

参考引用：姜青, 邱桐, 赵蕾, 赵潇奕, 张莹, 陈颖琦, 甘诗雅, 戴前颖. 基于消费者视角的霍山黄芽品质评价[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 655-664. 

Abstract: Huoshan huangya of Anhui is commonly made from tea cultivars ‘Huoshan-jinjizhong’ and ‘Shuchazao’, with the processing methods of yellow tea and green tea. This study dealt with consumer preferences and variation of taste intensity for different cultivars and processing of Huoshan huangya using the Preferential attribute elicitation (PAE) method and Time-intensity (TI) method. In the PAE test, after the evaluators reached an agreement on the generated attributes, they ranked and assigned the intensity of sensory attributes according to the importance of their influence on preferences. The results show that the taste rank sum (115) > aroma rank sum (81) > appearance rank sum (44), and all consumers commonly selected the important descriptors: sweet aftertaste, flowery aroma and tippy. In the TI test, five descriptors were selected based on the geometric mean M value: sweet aftertaste, mellow, bitter, fresh, and astringent. Descriptors of sweet and fresh of yellow tea made from the tea cultivar ‘Huoshan-jinjizhong’ were higher than that of green tea, and descriptors of mellow, bitter, astringent were lower than those of green tea. Teas made from ‘Shuchazao’ showed the opposite trend. This study applied PAE and TI methods to clarify the important characteristics of Huoshan huangya, by observing the dynamic sensory changes of Huoshan huangya with different cultivars and different processing methods, to propose yellow tea made from ‘Huoshan-jinjizhong’ and green tea made from ‘Shuchazao’ were more suitable from the perspective of consumers. This paper scientifically guided yellow tea enterprises to organize production and sales according to local conditions.

Keywords: Huoshan huangya, preferred attribute elicitation, time intensity, consumer preference

Cite this Article：JIANG Qing, QIU Tong, ZHAO Lei, ZHAO Xiaoyi, ZHANG Ying, CHEN Yingqi, GAN Shiya, DAI Qianying. Quality Evaluation of Huoshan Huangya from the Perspective of Consumers[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 655-664. 

摘要：茶梗对茯茶发花的感官品质产生明显影响,为探究茯茶中发花茶梗的活性成分及作用靶点,通过纯化的冠突曲霉菌LJSC.2006（GenBank accession number：MZ147020）对茶梗发花,以非靶向代谢组学（LC-MS/MS）、网络药理学进行预测分析,运用分子对接验证。基于偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）筛选获得发花茶梗与原茶梗的非靶向代谢组学差异代谢产物295种,其中碳水化合物41种、有机酸37种、酚类及其衍生物33种、萜类化合物27种、胺类26种、含氮杂环化合物24种、酯类21种、糖苷类19种、黄酮及其衍生物15种、氨基酸及其衍生物14种、类固醇及其衍生物9种、生物碱9种、酚酸6种、香豆素及其衍生物6种、儿茶素及其衍生物1种和其他7种。网络药理学分析结果表明,发花茶梗有16个潜在活性成分,作用于248个靶点,通过蛋白质互作（PPI）筛选得到13个潜在核心靶点。根据分子对接结果,初步预测香豆雌酚、高良姜素、木犀草素和藏红花酸是发花茶梗的主要核心活性成分。EGFR、ESR1、SRC和PTGS2是发花茶梗作用的主要核心靶点。

关键词: 冠突曲霉LJSC.2006, 茶梗, 非靶向代谢组学, 网络药理学

参考引用：何淏天, 肖娟娟, 汤依钰, 罗密, 刘仲华, 禹利君. 基于网络药理学对发花茶梗活性成分的预测分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 665-682.

Abstract: Tea stem has a significant impact on the sensory quality for Fucha fermentation product. To explore the active ingredients and targets of tea stems in Fucha, Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006 (GenBank accession number: MZ147020) was used to ferment tea stem and obtain the end products. Non-targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS), network pharmacology, and molecular docking were used to verify the experimental results. Based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), 295 kinds of non-targeted metabolites with differential expression between the fermented tea stem and raw tea stem were identified, including 41 carbohydrates, 37 organic acids, 33 phenols and derivatives, 27 terpenoids, 26 amines, 24 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, 21 esters, 19 glyeosides, 15 flavonoids and derivatives, 14 amino acids and derivatives, 9 steroids and derivatives, 9 alkaloids, 6 phenolic acids, 6 coumarins and derivatives, 1 catechin and derivatives and 7 others. The network pharmacological analysis show that there were 16 potential active ingredients acting on 248 targets, and 13 potential central targets were obtained through Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) screening. According to the results of molecular docking, coumestrol, galangin, luteolin and crocetin were the main central active ingredients. EGFR, ESR1, SRC and PTGS2 were the main targets of tea stem fermented by Aspergillus cristatus.

Keywords: Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006, tea stem, non-targeted metabolomics, network pharmacology

Cite this Article：HE Haotian, XIAO Juanjuan, TANG Yiyu, LUO Mi, LIU Zhonghua, YU Lijun. Prediction and Analysis of Active Components in Tea Stem Fermented Product Based on Network Pharmacology[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 665-682. 

摘要：为探究不同年份茯砖茶对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖及高脂血症的预防效果,以C57BL/6J小鼠为研究对象,以陈化1年和10年的茯砖茶为代表性茶样,设置了正常饮食（ND）组,高脂饮食（HFD）组,以及陈化1年茯砖茶干预（1Y）组和陈化10年茯砖茶干预（10Y）组。生物活性成分分析发现,陈化10年茯砖茶中的茶褐素、可溶性糖含量明显增加,而多酚和儿茶素单体明显下降。动物实验结果表明,与HFD组相比,陈化1年和陈化10年的茯砖茶能够有效降低小鼠肝脏和血清脂质水平、体重增长、器官系数和脂肪组织重量,且陈化10年的茯砖茶具有相对显著的效果。小鼠肝脏和脂肪组织切片显示,补充茯砖茶可以减少肝脏中脂滴的形成和空泡的出现,同时抑制了脂肪细胞的膨大。此外,补充茯砖茶能够改善高脂饮食导致的炎症和肝脏氧化应激,与陈化1年的茯砖茶相比,陈化10年的茯砖茶显著降低了炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α水平以及肝损伤指标AST和ALT活力,同时显著上调了肝脏GSH含量（P<0.05）。这可能是由于陈化10年茯砖茶丰富的茶褐素以及与其他活性成分共同作用的结果。

关键词: 陈年茯砖茶, 高脂血症, 脂质代谢, 改善作用

参考引用：柯菀萍, 刘振云, 李孟华, 周汐芮, 郭晓莉, 张盛, 黄建安, 刘仲华, 肖力争, 林勇. 陈年茯砖茶对高脂血症小鼠的调脂作用[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 683-693. 

Abstract: To investigate the preventive effect of Fu brick tea with different years on high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia, this experiment was conducted with C57BL/6J mice, and Fu brick tea aged for 1 and 10 years were used as representative tea samples. The normal diet group (ND), high-fat diet group (HFD), and Fu brick tea with different ageing time (10Y, 1Y) were set up. The analysis of bioactive components of the tea samples reveals a significant increase in the contents of theabrownin and soluble sugars, and a significant decrease in polyphenols and catechin monomers in Fu brick tea aged for 10 years. Animal test results show that Fu brick tea aged for 1 year and 10 years were effective in reducing liver and serum lipid levels, body weight gain, organ coefficients and adipose tissue weights compared to the HFD group, and that Fu brick tea aged for 10 years had a relatively significant effect. Liver and adipose tissue sections show that Fu brick tea supplementation reduced the formation of lipid droplets and the appearance of vacuoles in the liver, as well as inhibited adipocyte expansion. In addition, Fu brick tea supplementation ameliorated inflammation and hepatic oxidative stress caused by a high-fat diet. Compared with Fu brick tea aged for 1 year, Fu brick tea aged for 10 years significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as the liver injury indicators (AST and ALT viabilities), while significantly up-regulating the hepatic GSH content (P<0.05). This may be a result of the richness of theabrownin in 10-year aged Fu brick tea and its co-action with other active ingredients.

Keywords: aged Fu brick tea, hyperlipidemia, lipid metabolism, alleviative effect

Cite this Article：KE Wanping, LIU Zhenyun, LI Menghua, ZHOU Xirui, GUO Xiaoli, ZHANG Sheng, HUANG Jian′an, LIU Zhonghua, XIAO Lizheng, LIN Yong. Alleviative Effects of Aged Fu Brick Tea on Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Mice[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 683-693. 

摘要：中国古代茶叶的生产、贸易,以及茶文化传播主要在长江流域展开。研究长江流域茶叶种植区域的分布及其影响因素为深入了解茶叶历史地理发展提供了重要视角。基于古籍文献,尤其是方志资料的梳理,结合现代学者对各历史时期茶叶产区的研究,详细整理了茶叶产区在长江流域的历史演变过程,将其划分为4个阶段,并运用ArcGIS技术绘制了各阶段茶叶产区的分布图,总结长江流域茶叶产区的分布特点及规律。同时,尝试分析各阶段影响茶叶产区分布的突出因素,揭示茶叶历史、地理发展的关键特征,为深入了解中国茶叶生产与茶文化传播提供参考。

关键词: 长江流域, 茶叶产地, 历史变迁, 影响因素

参考引用：杜茜雅, 刘馨秋, 卢勇. 长江流域茶叶产地历史变迁及其影响因素[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(4): 694-706. 

Abstract: The production, trade and the dissemination of tea culture in ancient China were mainly centered around the Yangtze River Basin. Research on the distribution of tea planting areas in the Yangtze River Basin and their influencing factors provides a crucial perspective for a thorough understanding of the historical and geographical development of tea. Based on the combing of ancient books, especially local records, combined with the research of modern scholars on tea producing areas in historical periods, this paper sorted out the historical evolution process of tea producing areas in the Yangtze River basin in detail. The study categorized these shifts into four stages and utilized ArcGIS technology to create distribution maps of tea-producing areas during each stage. The paper summarized the characteristics and patterns of tea-producing areas in the Yangtze River Basin, attempting to analyze prominent factors influencing the distribution of tea-producing areas in each stage. It reveals key features of the historical and geographical development of tea, providing valuable insights for a deeper understanding of tea production and the dissemination of tea culture in China.

Keywords: Yangtze River basin, tea producing area, historical change, influencing factor

Cite this Article：DU Xiya, LIU Xinqiu, LU Yong. Historical Changes and Influencing Factors of Tea Producing Areas in the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(4): 694-706.